Bonding evolution with sintering temperature in low alloyed steels with chromium

At present, high performance PM steels for automotive applications follow a processing route that comprises die compaction of water-atomized powder, followed by sintering and secondary treatments, and finishing operations. This study examines Cr-alloyed sintered steels with two level of alloying. In chromium-alloyed steels, the surface oxide on the powder is of critical importance for developing the bonding between the particles during sintering. Reduction of this oxide depends mainly on three factors: temperature, dew point of the atmosphere, and carbothermic reduction provided by the added graphite. The transformation of the initial surface oxide evolves sequence as temperature increases during sintering, depending on the oxide composition. Carbothermic reduction is supposed to be the controlling mechanism, even when sintering in hydrogen-containing atmospheres. The effect of carbothermic reduction can be monitored by investigating the behavior of the specimens under tensile testing, and studying the resultant fracture surfaces

Kantianism in 21st century politics: An analysis of cosmopolitanism from a multidisciplinary review

In 1999, Mary Kaldor defined cosmopolitanism as a positive political vision embracing multiculturalism, civility, and democracy. This philosophical thought combines respect for universal Human Rights principles with a commitment to non-sectarianism through promotion and embracement of cultural diversity. However, the placement of moral universalism as a guide to conduct international relations can be seen in earlier studies from diverse disciplines. Therefore, this research is developed under a multidisciplinary analysis and it aims to raise a concise debate on cosmopolitanism based on different theoretical approaches from Philosophy, Sociology to International Relations. Initially, Kant, and then, Habermas and Linklater have posited different names, definitions, and concepts, but an onward analogy can be raised in their key message by recognizing common aspects of their ideas related to cosmopolitanism. Although cosmopolitanism has been considered idealistic by a few researchers, it has northern the discourse and work of international institutions as the United Nations and regional projects as the European Union. Noteworthy, even though cosmopolitan ideas have been embedded in international life, the ascension of nationalist discourses through politics of exclusion presents a daunting perspective to the previous endeavor to embrace multiculturalism in international relations. Furthermore, this paper acknowledges aspects of our contemporary international structures that illustrate underlying notions of cosmopolitanism in public life - many perceived in the earlier studies of Kant. Above all, this work aims to induce International Relations scholars to think politics beyond the state and re-evaluate social relations beyond the bias of nationalism

MARITIME GEOPOLITICS AS A STRATEGIC FACTOR FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTH AMERICA

Atentando para a recente desaceleração e desarticulação do processo de integração sul-americana, neste trabalho, pretendemos salientar alguns fatores geopolíticos presentes no Atlântico Sul que, a nosso ver, devem compor e impulsionar uma estratégia de aproximação dos diferentes interesses no subcontinente e contribuir para uma maior convergência nas pautas de integração

Importación y comercialización de hilados texturados poliéster de China al Perú por Textil Mercurio E.I.R.L., en el año 2018

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre importación y comercialización de hilados texturados poliéster de China al Perú por Textil Mercurio E.I.R.L., en el año 2018. El diseño de esta investigación es de no experimental, así mismo, el tipo de investigación es descriptiva – correlacional, dado que mide la relación que existe entre ambas variables en un momento único, la técnica aplicada a dicha investigación, es la encuesta y el cuestionario con escala de likert. no obstante, según el resultado de Pearson, la correlación que se obtuvo entre la importación y la comercialización es positiva moderada de 0,549 con un nivel de significancia de 0,042 que es menor a 0,05 de tal manera que se aprueba la hipótesis general y se rechaza la hipótesis nula, mientras que, los proveedores internacionales y la comercialización tienen un nivel de correlación positiva moderada de 0,432, con un nivel de significancia de 0,022 las negociaciones internacionales y la comercialización tienen una correlación positiva baja de 0,226, con un nivel de significancia de 0,034 y por último la distribución física internacional tiene una relación positiva moderada de 0,426, con un nivel de significancia de 0,004. Referente a los resultados anteriores da entender que las variables guardan una relación significativ

S wave velocity structure below central Mexico using high-resolution surface wave tomography

Shear wave velocity of the crust below central Mexico is estimated using surface wave dispersion measurements from regional earthquakes recorded on a dense, 500 km long linear seismic network. Vertical components of regional records from 90 well-located earthquakes were used to compute Rayleigh-wave group-velocity dispersion curves. A tomographic inversion, with high resolution in a zone close to the array, obtained for periods between 5 and 50 s reveals significant differences relative to a reference model, especially at larger periods (>30 s). A 2-D S wave velocity model is obtained from the inversion of local dispersion curves that were reconstructed from the tomographic solutions. The results show large differences, especially in the lower crust, among back-arc, volcanic arc, and fore-arc regions; they also show a well-resolved low-velocity zone just below the active part of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) suggesting the presence of a mantle wedge. Low densities in the back arc, inferred from the low shear wave velocities, can provide isostatic support for the TMVB

Strange attractors generated by a fractional order switching system and its topological horseshoe

"Chaos generation in a new fractional order unstable dissipative system with only two equilibrium points is reported. Based on the integer version of an unstable dissipative system (UDS) and using the same systems parameters, chaos behavior is observed with an order less than three, i.e., 2.85. The fractional order can be decreased as low as 2.4 varying the eigenvalues of the fractional UDS in accordance with a switching law that fulfills the asymptotic stability theorem for fractional systems. The largest Lyapunov exponent is computed from the numerical time series in order to prove the chaotic regime. Besides, the presence of chaos is also verified obtaining the topological horseshoe. That topological proof guarantees the chaos generation in the proposed fractional order switching system avoiding the possible numerical bias of Lyapunov exponents. Finally, an electronic circuit is designed to synthesize this fractional order chaotic system.

Opamp-based synthesis of a fractional order switched system

"The analysis, design and circuit synthesis of a fractional order switched system is presented in this paper. That system is capable of showing chaotic oscillations with a fractional order less than three, i.e., 2.4. The dynamical system is called fractional order unstable dissipative system (FOUDS); because it consists of a switching law to display strange attractors. Its dynamical behavior is explored and a circuit synthesis system is realized considering operational amplifiers. SPICE simulations agree with the numerical results.

Satisfacción laboral y compromiso organizacional en trabajadores de una empresa privada de concesiones alimenticias del distrito de Ate. Lima, 2016

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la relación entre la satisfacción laboral y el compromiso organizacional en trabajadores de una empresa privada de Concesiones Alimenticias del distrito de Ate en la ciudad de Lima durante el año 2016. Se empleó un diseño no experimental con corte transversal y de tipo descriptivo correlacional. Participaron 80 trabajadores, 50 de sexo masculino y 30 de sexo femenino, entre 18 y 66 años de edad. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos de medición: la Escala de Satisfacción Laboral de Sonia Palma (2005), y el Cuestionario de Compromiso Organizacional de Meyer y Allen (1991). Los resultados indican que sí existe relación significativa entre la satisfacción laboral y el compromiso organizacional (p<0,05, r= 0.338). Asimismo, se encontraron relaciones entre las dimensiones condiciones de trabajo (p < 0.05, r= 0.253), reconocimiento personal y/o social (p < 0.05, r= 0.315) y beneficios económicos (p 0.05, r= 0.213) de la satisfacción laboral y compromiso organizacional. En conclusión, hay evidencias suficientes para afirmar que aquellos trabajadores que presentan mayores niveles de satisfacción laboral mostrarán un mayor nivel de compromiso organizacional hacia la empresa