Considerações gerais sobre a síncope: uma abordagem clínica : General considerations about syncope: a clinical approach

O seguinte estudo objetivou descrever sobre as etiologias e o respectivo quadro clínico da síncope. A síncope é classificado como um sintoma de perda da consciência devido redução do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral, secundário a uma etiologia. Tal evento costuma ser confundido com outras condições associadas a perda de conhecimento, apesar de para se diagnosticar como síncope é necessário descartar demais alterações. A síncope é uma condição que têm como fisiopatologia o hipofluxo de sangue no cérebro, mas conta com diversas causas como a neuromediada, ortostática, cardíaca, cerebrovascular e até idiopática,  resultam em quadros clínicos distintos e complicações, mas o mesmo desfecho. Tal evento necessita ser investigado e detectado de imediato, por história clínica, exame físico e complementares

Aspectos anatomopatológicos do paciente portador de Pneumonia: Anatomopathological aspects of the patient with Pneumonia

A pneumonia condiz a uma condensação inflamatória aguda dos alvéolos e/ou infiltração tecidual intersticial pulmonar que resulta da ação de células inflamatórias em resposta a injúrias de um determinado agente microbiano. A patologia conforme o local de aquisição, o padrão de comprometimento, o agente etiológico são determinantes para o quadro clínico, lesões e achados radiográficos. O seguinte artigo objetivou descrever através da revisão bibliográfica, os aspectos gerais da pneumonia com foco em abordar os aspectos anatomopatológicos desta enfermidade. Trata-se  de  um  estudo qualitativo  de  revisão  narrativa,  elaborado  para  abordar  sobre os aspectos anatomopatológicos do paciente portador de pneumonia.  É composta por uma análise ampla da literatura, e com uma metodologia rigorosa e replicável ao nível de reprodução de dados e questões quantitativas para resoluções específicas.  Conforme as informações disponíveis na literatura, elucida-se que os pulmões contam com um aparato de mecanismos de defesa. Mas, mediante injúrias e agentes agressores geram um desequilíbrios e posteriormente originam condições que favorecem doenças respiratórias. A pneumonia possui vários agentes etiológicos, e de acordo com este, distintos padrões de acometimento pulmonar e achados radiográficos irão se manifestar

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in wild small mammals in ecotourism area of Brazil.

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2018-03-05T16:34:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in wild small mammals in ecotourism area of Brazil.pdf: 18531609 bytes, checksum: 21caba8c3bbade369b06bdd63d57b813 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2018-03-05T16:46:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in wild small mammals in ecotourism area of Brazil.pdf: 18531609 bytes, checksum: 21caba8c3bbade369b06bdd63d57b813 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-05T16:46:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in wild small mammals in ecotourism area of Brazil.pdf: 18531609 bytes, checksum: 21caba8c3bbade369b06bdd63d57b813 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Biologia Geral. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilLeishmaniases are parasitic diseases transmitted to mammalian hosts by sand fly vectors (Diptera: Psychodidae). Despite the increasing occurrence of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in urban centers, their transmission still occur primarily in wild environments and may be associated with professional activities and recreation, such as ecotourism. The Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Santuário do Caraça (RPPNSC) is one of the largest ecotourism attractions in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and comprises an area of environmental preservation with 11,233 hectares presenting a transitional vegetation between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. The present study describes the abundance of small mammals in RPPNSC, the isolation and identification of Leishmania in five wild animals. Small mammals were bimonthly trapped along 6 trails within the RPPNSC with 10 Tomahawk traps each. Two trails were located in peridomiciliary areas near tourist lodging facilities, and four trails were located at sites visited by tourists in forest areas. The most prevalent species were Akodon cursor, Cerradomys subflavus and Oligoryzomys nigripes. Six isolates of Leishmania were obtained from these animals and identified as Leishmania braziliensis through HSP70-PCR RFLP method. Leishmania spp. DNA was detected by kDNA-PCR method and isolated by biphasic culture. Studies point to some of the captured species as potential wild reservoirs of Leishmania, suggesting they may be involved in the transmission cycle in these wild environments

Electrophoresis 4% agarose gel of the RFLP HSP70 of positive DNA samples of small mammals collected in RPPNSC.

<p>MW = Molecular Weight, 8L, 11TS, 12L, 12TS, 13L and 14L = samples of liver (L) and tail skin (TS), NC = Negative Control, La, Lb, Lcand Lg = Positive Controls strains of <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i>, <i>Le</i>. <i>braziliensis</i>, <i>Le</i>. <i>infantum</i> and <i>Le</i>. <i>guyanensis</i> respectively.</p

Species of small mammals captured in the RPPN Santuário do Caraça positive in kDNA PCR and culture by tissue analyzed.

<p>Species of small mammals captured in the RPPN Santuário do Caraça positive in kDNA PCR and culture by tissue analyzed.</p

<i>Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis</i> infection in wild small mammals in ecotourism area of Brazil

<div><p>Leishmaniases are parasitic diseases transmitted to mammalian hosts by sand fly vectors (Diptera: Psychodidae). Despite the increasing occurrence of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in urban centers, their transmission still occur primarily in wild environments and may be associated with professional activities and recreation, such as ecotourism. The Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Santuário do Caraça (RPPNSC) is one of the largest ecotourism attractions in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and comprises an area of environmental preservation with 11,233 hectares presenting a transitional vegetation between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. The present study describes the abundance of small mammals in RPPNSC, the isolation and identification of <i>Leishmania</i> in five wild animals. Small mammals were bimonthly trapped along 6 trails within the RPPNSC with 10 Tomahawk traps each. Two trails were located in peridomiciliary areas near tourist lodging facilities, and four trails were located at sites visited by tourists in forest areas. The most prevalent species were <i>Akodon cursor</i>, <i>Cerradomys subflavus</i> and Oligoryzomys nigripes. Six isolates of <i>Leishmania</i> were obtained from these animals and identified as <i>Leishmania braziliensis</i> through HSP70-PCR RFLP method. <i>Leishmania</i> spp. DNA was detected by kDNA-PCR method and isolated by biphasic culture. Studies point to some of the captured species as potential wild reservoirs of <i>Leishmania</i>, suggesting they may be involved in the transmission cycle in these wild environments.</p></div

Captured small mammals by collection trails and the positivity on culture analysis.

<p>Captured small mammals by collection trails and the positivity on culture analysis.</p

Role of Cytokines, Chemokines and IFN-&gamma;+ IL-17+ Double-Positive CD4+ T Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is mediated by self-reactive myelin T and B cells that lead to axonal and myelin damage. The immune response in multiple sclerosis involves the participation of CD4+ T cells that produce cytokines and chemokines. This participation is important to find markers for the diagnosis and progression of the disease. In our work, we evaluated the profile of cytokines and chemokines, as well as the production of double positive CD4+ T cells for the production of IFN&gamma; IL-17 in patients with multiple sclerosis, at different stages of the disease and undergoing different treatments. We found that relapsing&ndash;remitting patients had a significant increase in IL-12 production. About IL-5, its production showed significantly higher levels in secondarily progressive patients when compared to relapsing&ndash;remitting patients. IFN-&gamma; production by PBMCs from secondarily progressive patients showed significantly higher levels. This group also had a higher percentage of CD4+ IFN&gamma;+ IL-17+ T cells. The combination of changes in certain cytokines and chemokines together with the presence of IFN&gamma;+ IL-17+ double positive lymphocytes can be used to better understand the clinical forms of the disease and its progression