An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types

Industrial steel waste as an iron source to promote heterogeneous and homogeneous oxidation/reduction reactions

This work examines the mill scale (MS) of hot rolling, a waste product formed in industrial steel processing. MS was evaluated as an iron source in promoting the oxidation of Reactive Red 120 azo dye in location-sourced and factory textile wastewater through a Fenton reaction (FR), as well as reducing hexavalent chromium species to its trivalent form in the presence of an organic ligand (citric acid). The MS was characterised by various techniques and the results showed that iron is the major compound in its composition and occurs mainly in the form of oxides (wustite, hematite and magnetite). In addition, it has ferromagnetic properties, which facilitate its separation. In the oxidation tests it was observed that acidic pH conditions promoted a positive influence on the reaction efficiency and that the presence of H2O2 can limit the leaching of iron into the solution. The best experimental conditions for colour removal from a RR 120 dye solution containing 35 mg L-1 were 15 g L-1 of MS, 0.5 mM H2O2, pH 3, 25 degrees C, 200 +/- 2 rpm and 120 min. Furthermore, the homogeneous Fenton reaction showed a significant contribution to decolourisation, but the heterogeneous phase cannot be neglected since it is predominant at the beginning of the reactions. In the continuous process, the influence of the H2O2 concentration and the feed rate was evaluated, obtaining an optimal dose of 0.5 mM H2O2 for the RR dye 120 and 0.7 mM H2O2 for the real textile effluent, with a flow rate of 0.25 mL min(-1) and pH 3 for both. Subsequently, the residue was evaluated as the source of iron in the process of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III). An increase in the efficiency of the reaction in the presence of citric acid was observed, associated with the removal of the surface oxide layer through the formation of soluble Fe(III)-Cr(III)-ligand complexes and the consequent increase of the iron redox cycle, reducing it to sequencing the reduction of chromium. 100% reduction was obtained in 30 min of reaction using 20 g L-1 of MS, at pH 3 and Cr(VI):citric acid ratio of 1:4. In continuous operation mode, 100% Cr(VI) reduction was obtained during 50 h (1.0 mL min(-1) flow rate), dropping to 20% with increasing flow rate to 4.0 mL min-1 after 200 h of assay

Solid-state characterization and dissolution properties of Fluvastatin sodium salt hydrates

The present study reports the solid-state properties of Fluvastatin sodium salt crystallized from different solvents for comparison with crystalline forms of the commercially available raw material and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) reference standard. FLV samples were characterized by several techniques; such as X-ray powder diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, liquid and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of samples was performed in order to study the influence of crystalline form and other factors on rate and extent of dissolution. Three different forms were found. The commercial raw material and FluvastatinACN were identified as “form I” hydrate, the USP reference standard as “form II” hydrate and an ethanol solvate which presented a mixture of phases. Form I, with water content of 4%, was identified as monohydrate.Fil: Borgmann, Silvia H. M.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Bernardi, Larissa S.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Rauber, Gabriela S.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Paulo R.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Campos, Carlos E.M. de. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Monti, Gustavo Alberto. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cuffini, Silvia L.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Cardoso, Simone. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasi