Metodologia para elaboração de sistema integrado de avaliação de desempenho logístico

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.A avaliação de desempenho logístico apresenta atualmente um grande potencial para o desenvolvimento de estudos teóricos e práticos. Ao mesmo tempo, o ambiente mercadológico exerce pressão sobre as empresas para a redução de custos e geração de vantagem competitiva. Nesse contexto, esta tese apresenta uma Metodologia para a Elaboração de Sistema Integrado de Avaliação de Desempenho Logístico, chamada MESIADLog. Ela visa permitir que uma empresa construa o seu próprio Sistema Integrado de Avaliação de Desempenho Logístico-SIADLog, bem como possibilita às empresas uma análise sistematizada de seus processos, no sentido de identificar os processos-chave, as categorias

Coordenação de graduação: competências requeridas conforme o processo gerencial

This study aimed to link the necessary competencies to the post of management of undergraduate courses with the four essential phases of the management process: planning, organization, direction, and control. The available scientific literature was analyzed, organized based on semantic and content analysis techniques so that the answers to the guiding questions previously formulated could be visualized. The study points out that the undergraduate coordinator needs to master knowledge from other areas of expertise to act, such as a) analyzing scenarios and generating course production; b) management of materials and services infrastructure, c) leadership, communication, and motivation of your team, and d) assessment of the quality of work and production performed.Neste texto relata-se resultados de estudo que teve por objetivo vincular as competências necessárias ao cargo de gerência de graduações com as quatro fases básicas do processo de gestão: planejamento, organização, direção e controle. Analisou-se a literatura disponível, organizada com base nas técnicas de análises semântica e de conteúdo, para que pudessem ser visualizadas as respostas às questões norteadoras previamente formuladas. Entendeu-se que o coordenador de graduações precisa dominar conhecimentos de outras áreas do conhecimento para atuar, tais como análise de cenários e geração de produção do curso; gestão de infraestrutura de materiais e serviços, liderança, comunicação e motivação do seu time e aferição da qualidade do trabalho e da produção realizada

Prevalence and determinants of child undernutrition and stunting in semiarid region of Brazil

OBJETIVO : Analisar tendências na prevalência e determinantes da desnutrição em crianças na região semiárida do Brasil. MÉTODOS : Foram analisados dados de duas pesquisas transversais domiciliares de base populacional que utilizaram a mesma metodologia. A amostragem por conglomerados foi utilizada para coletar os dados de 8.000 famílias, do estado do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil, para os anos de 1987 e 2007. A desnutrição aguda foi calculada como peso/idade < -2 desvios padrão; nanismo como altura/idade < -2 desvios padrão; e emaciação como peso/altura < -2 desvios padrão. Os dados sobre os determinantes biológicos e sociodemográficos foram analisados por meio de análises multivariadas com base em um modelo teórico hierarquizado. RESULTADOS : Amostras de 4.513 e 1.533 crianças menores de três anos de idade, em 1987 e 2007, respectivamente, foram incluídas nas análises. A prevalência de desnutrição aguda foi reduzida em 60,0%, passando de 12,6% em 1987, para 4,7% em 2007, enquanto a prevalência de nanismo foi reduzida em 50,0%, passando de 27,0% em 1987 para 13,0% em 2007. A prevalência de emaciação teve pouca alteração no período. Em 1987, as características socioeconômicas e biológicas (renda familiar, escolaridade da mãe, disponibilidade de latrina e água potável, consulta médica e hospitalização da criança, idade, sexo e peso ao nascer) foram fatores significativamente associados à desnutrição, ao nanismo e à emaciação. Em 2007, os determinantes da desnutrição ficaram restritos às características biológicas (idade, sexo e peso ao nascer). Apenas uma característica socioeconômica, a disponibilidade de latrina, permaneceu significantemente associada ao nanismo. CONCLUSÕES : O desenvolvimento socioeconômico, além de intervenções de saúde, parecem ter efetivamente contribuído para a melhoria do estado nutricional das crianças. Peso ao nascer, especialmente o peso extremamente baixo (< 1.500 g), aparece como o fator de risco mais importante para a desnutrição na primeira infância.OBJECTIVE : To analyze the evolution in the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in children in the semiarid region of Brazil. METHODS : Data were collected from two cross-sectional population-based household surveys that used the same methodology. Clustering sampling was used to collect data from 8,000 families in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil, for the years 1987 and 2007. Acute undernutrition was calculated as weight/age < -2 standard deviation (SD); stunting as height/age < -2 SD; wasting as weight/height < -2 SD. Data on biological and sociodemographic determinants were analyzed using hierarchical multivariate analyses based on a theoretical model. RESULTS : A sample of 4,513 and 1,533 children under three years of age, in 1987 and 2007, respectively, were included in the analyses. The prevalence of acute malnutrition was reduced by 60.0%, from 12.6% in 1987 to 4.7% in 2007, while prevalence of stunting was reduced by 50.0%, from 27.0% in 1987 to 13.0% in 2007. Prevalence of wasting changed little in the period. In 1987, socioeconomic and biological characteristics (family income, mother’s education, toilet and tap water availability, children’s medical consultation and hospitalization, age, sex and birth weight) were significantly associated with undernutrition, stunting and wasting. In 2007, the determinants of malnutrition were restricted to biological characteristics (age, sex and birth weight). Only one socioeconomic characteristic, toilet availability, remained associated with stunting. CONCLUSIONS : Socioeconomic development, along with health interventions, may have contributed to improvements in children’s nutritional status. Birth weight, especially extremely low weight (< 1,500 g), appears as the most important risk factor for early childhood malnutrition.OBJETIVO : Objetivo: Analizar tendencias en la prevalencia y determinantes de la desnutrición en niños en la región semiárida de Brasil. MÉTODOS : Se analizaron datos de dos investigaciones transversales domiciliares de base poblacional que utilizaron la misma metodología. El muestreo por conglomerados se utilizó para colectar los datos de 8.000 familias, del estado de Ceará, Noreste de Brasil, para los años de 1987 y 2007. La desnutrición aguda fue calculada como peso/edad < -2 desviaciones estándar; enanismo como altura/edad < -2 desviaciones estándar; y demacración como peso/altura < -2 desviaciones estándar. Los datos sobre los determinantes biológicos y sociodemográficos se analizaron por medio de análisis multivariados con base en un modelo teórico jerarquizado. RESULTADOS : Muestras de 4.513 y 1.533 niños menores de tres años de edad, en 1987 y 2007, respectivamente, se incluyeron en los análisis. La prevalencia de desnutrición aguda fue reducida en 60,0%, pasando de 12,6% en 1987, a 4,7% en 2007, mientras que la prevalencia del enanismo fue reducida en 50,0% pasando de 27,0% en 1987 a 13,0% en 2007. La prevalencia de demacración tuvo poca alteración en el período. En 1987, las características socioeconómicas y biológicas (renta familiar, escolaridad de la madre, disponibilidad de letrina y agua potable, consulta médica y hospitalización del niño, edad, sexo y peso al nacer) fueron factores significativamente asociados con la desnutrición, el nanismo y la demacración. En 2007, los determinantes de la desnutrición quedaron restringidos a las características biológicas (edad, sexo y peso al nacer). Sólo una característica socioeconómica, la disponibilidad de letrina, permaneció significativamente asociada con el enanismo. CONCLUSIONES : El desarrollo socioeconómico, así como las intervenciones de salud, parecen haber contribuido efectivamente en la mejoría del estado nutricional de los niños. Peso al nacer, especialmente el peso extremadamente bajo

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42\ub74% vs 44\ub72%; absolute difference \u20131\ub769 [\u20139\ub758 to 6\ub711] p=0\ub767; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5\u20138] vs 6 [5\u20138] cm H2O; p=0\ub70011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30\ub75% vs 19\ub79%; p=0\ub70004; adjusted effect 16\ub741% [95% CI 9\ub752\u201323\ub752]; p&lt;0\ub70001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0\ub780 [95% CI 0\ub775\u20130\ub786]; p&lt;0\ub70001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding