O conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde na profilaxia da transmissão vertical do HIV em uma maternidade pública brasileira

The objective was to assess the knowledge of health professionals who care for pregnant HIV positive, as prophylactic measures the risk of vertical HIV transmission. Cross-sectional study involving 25 health professionals. Data collection took place from April to June of 2012 in a public hospital in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Of the professionals surveyed 76% had inadequate knowledge about HIV testing in pregnant women, 80% unaware that gestational age is held elective caesarean section when viral load is greater than 1000 cop / ml, 66% could not attack dose for AZT and the elapsed time before delivery, 84% did not know which method is suitable for inhibition of lactation. Concludes as necessary the implementation of strategies aimed at training health professionals who care for HIV positive pregnant women in the workplace.El objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud que atienden a las mujeres embarazadas VIH positivas, en lo que se refiere a las medidas profilácticas del riesgo de transmisión vertical del VIH. Estudio transversal con la participación de 25 profesionales de la salud. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo entre abril y junio de 2012 en una maternidad públicao en Goiás, Brasil. De los profesionales encuestados el 76% tenían un conocimiento inadecuado sobre la prueba del VIH en mujeres embarazadas, el 80% desconocía a qué edad gestacional se realiza la cesárea electiva cuando la carga viral es mayor de 1000 copias / ml, el 66% no sabe cuál es la dosis recomendada de ataque AZT y el tiempo transcurrido antes de la entrega, el 84% no sabe cuál es el método adecuado para la inhibición de la lactancia. Se concluye que es necesaria la implementación de estrategias dirigidas a la formación de los profesionales de la salud que atienden a las mujeres embarazadas VIH-positivas en su lugar de trabajo.Objetivou-se avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde que cuidam de gestantes HIV positivo, quanto as medidas profiláticas do risco de transmissão vertical do HIV. Estudo transversal envolvendo 25 profissionais de saúde. A coleta de dados realizou-se de abril a junho de 2012 em uma maternidade pública do Estado de Goiás, Brasil. Dos profissionais investigados 76% apresentaram conhecimento inadequado sobre o teste anti-HIV nas gestantes, 80% desconheciam com que idade gestacional realiza-se a cesárea eletiva quando carga viral for superior a 1000 cópias/ml, 66% não sabiam a dose para ataque do AZT e o tempo de no mínimo duas horas a ser utilizado antes do parto, 84% não conheciam qual o método indicado para inibição da lactação. Conclui -se como necessárias a implantação de estratégias que visem a capacitação dos profissionais de saúde que cuidam das gestantes HIV positivo em seu ambiente de trabalho.

A farmacopsiquiatria dos antidepressivos: The pharmacopsychiatry of antidepressants

Os fármacos antidepressivos compõem o manejo terapêutico da depressão e inúmeros outros transtornos de origem neuropsiquiátrica. Logo, a ocorrências destes distúrbios tornam viável a aplicação destes, ressaltando ser essencial individualizar o tratamento e compreender a respeito das diversas classes, mecanismo de ação, interação medicamentosa, indicação clinica, grupo de risco e a intoxicação por superdosagem. O seguinte artigo objetivou descrever a respeito das particularidades dos antidepressivos, de modo a compreender sobre seu efeito farmacopsiquiatríco. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura fundamentada nas renomadas plataformas de artigos indexados a respeito do tema. Foram selecionados os estudos que apresentavam relevância clinica para a compreensão do artigo, descartando-se os demais que não respondiam ao objetivo proposto. Na literatura científica estão disponíveis muitas informações pertinentes ao tema, ressaltando a importância deste. Atualmente, se encontram em aplicabilidade diversas classes que são os Inibidores Seletivos da Recaptação de Serotonina (ISRSs), Antidepressivos Tricíclicos (ADTs), Tetracíclicos e os Inibidores da Monoamina Oxidase (IMAO). Cada um destes possui um mecanismo de ação diferente, mas basicamente estes interferem no impulso nervoso de neurotransmissores beneficiando o portador de distúrbios neurocognitivos. Destacando que mesmo com o efeito terapêutico retrógrado, estes já manifestam os efeitos adversos. Logo, é imprescindível analisar qual o tipo e a dose do fármaco para se conduzir o melhor prognóstico do paciente.&nbsp

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

The knowledge of health professionals in prophylaxis of HIV vertical transmission in a Brazilian public maternity

El objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud que atienden a las mujeres embarazadas VIH positivas, en lo que se refiere a las medidas profilácticas del riesgo de transmisión vertical del VIH. Estudio transversal con la participación de 25 profesionales de la salud. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo entre abril y junio de 2012 en una maternidad públicao en Goiás, Brasil. De los profesionales encuestados el 76% tenían un conocimiento inadecuado sobre la prueba del VIH en mujeres embarazadas, el 80% desconocía a qué edad gestacional se realiza la cesárea electiva cuando la carga viral es mayor de 1000 copias / ml, el 66% no sabe cuál es la dosis recomendada de ataque AZT y el tiempo transcurrido antes de la entrega, el 84% no sabe cuál es el método adecuado para la inhibición de la lactancia. Se concluye que es necesaria la implementación de estrategias dirigidas a la formación de los profesionales de la salud que atienden a las mujeres embarazadas VIHpositivas en su lugar de trabajo.RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde que cuidam de gestantes HIV positivo, quanto as medidas profiláticas do risco de transmissão vertical do HIV. Estudo transversal envolvendo 25 profissionais de saúde. A coleta de dados realizou-se de abril a junho de 2012 em uma maternidade pública do Estado de Goiás, Brasil. Dos profissionais investigados 76% apresentaram conhecimento inadequado sobre o teste anti-HIV nas gestantes, 80% desconheciam com que idade gestacional realiza-se a cesárea eletiva quando carga viral for superior a 1000 cópias/ml, 66% não sabiam a dose para ataque do AZT e o tempo de no mínimo duas horas a ser utilizado antes do parto, 84% não conheciam qual o método indicado para inibição da lactação. Conclui -se como necessárias a implantação de estratégias que visem a capacitação dos profissionais de saúde que cuidam das gestantes HIV positivo em seu ambiente de trabalho.ABSTRACT The objective was to assess the knowledge of health professionals who care for pregnant HIV positive, as prophylactic measures the risk of vertical HIV transmission. Cross-sectional study involving 25 health professionals. Data collection took place from April to June of 2012 in a public hospital in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Of the professionals surveyed 76% had inadequate knowledge about HIV testing in pregnant women, 80% unaware that gestational age is held elective caesarean section when viral load is greater than 1000 cop / ml, 66% could not attack dose for AZT and the elapsed time before delivery, 84% did not know which method is suitable for inhibition of lactation. Concludes as necessary the implementation of strategies aimed at training health professionals who care for HIV positive pregnant women in the workplace

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA PSICOPROFILAXIA CIRÚRGICA PARA PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS A CIRURGIAS ELETIVAS

<p>INTRODUÇÃO: A psicoprofilaxia cirúrgica é uma técnica que tem como objetivo preparar psicologicamente o paciente para a cirurgia. A ansiedade pré-operatória é um problema comum que pode afetar negativamente a recuperação do paciente após a cirurgia. Estudos têm demonstrado que a psicoprofilaxia cirúrgica pode reduzir significativamente os níveis de ansiedade em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas. Ao reduzir a ansiedade, a psicoprofilaxia cirúrgica pode contribuir para uma cirurgia mais tranquila e segura, além de ajudar o paciente a lidar melhor com o período pós-operatório.</p&gt

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq