Tratamiento conservador del hallux valgus juvenil mediante ortesis nocturnas

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos con tratamiento conservador del hallux valgus juvenil con el uso de ortesis nocturnas confeccionadas a medida, con material termoplástico, en 18 pacientes con edades de 8 a 15 años (media: 12 años). El tiempo medio de tratamiento fue de 18 meses y los pacientes fueron seguidos después del tratamiento por igual período de tiempo. Debe destacarse el alto abandono del método que alcanzó la cifra del 44%. Fueron utilizados como parámetros de valoración de resultados las medidas radiográficas de los ángulos de valguismo del hallux (AVH) e intermetatarsiano l-II (AIM), obtenidas antes y después de terminado el período de observación. El valor medio inicial del AVH fue de 22° y al final fue de 20°. Las medidas de los valores del AIM fueron 11 y 10,7°, respectivamente. Ambas medidas no se diferencian entre sí desde el punto de vista estadístico, lo que lleva a concluir que el tratamiento utilizado no fue capaz de corregir las deformidades básicas del hallus valgus infantil, pero evita la progresión de esas deformidades.The results of conservative treatment of adolescent hallux valgus using custom made nocturnal splints in 18 patients ranging in age from 8 to 15 years (mean 12) are presented. The average period of treatment and follow-up was 18 months. There was a high rate (44%) of treatment abandon. As assessment parameters were used radiographic measures of the hallux valgus angle and the intermetatarsal I-II angle. Measures were obtained before treatment and at the end of follow-up. The initial mean valgus angle was 22° and the last mean value 20°. The mean valus of the intermetatarsal angle were respectively 11° and 10,7°. There were no significant statistical differences, indicating that the treatment of hallux valgus using nocturnal splintage do not correct the deformity but avoid its progression

White sand vegetation in an Amazonian lowland under the perspective of a young geological history

What controls the formation of patchy substrates of white sand vegetation in the Amazonian lowlands is still unclear. This research integrated the geological history and plant inventories of a white sand vegetation patch confined to one large fan-shaped sandy substrate of northern Amazonia, which is related to a megafan environment. We examined floristic patterns to determine whether abundant species are more often generalists than the rarer one, by comparing the megafan environments and older basement rocks. We also investigated the pattern of species accumulation as a function of increasing sampling effort. All plant groups recorded a high proportion of generalist species on the megafan sediments compared to older basement rocks. The vegetation structure is controlled by topographic gradients resulting from the smooth slope of the megafan morphology and microreliefs imposed by various megafan subenvironments. Late Pleistocene-Holocene environmental disturbances caused by megafan sedimentary processes controlled the distribution of white sand vegetation over a large area of the Amazonian lowlands, and may have also been an important factor in species diversification during this period. The integration of geological and biological data may shed new light on the existence of many patches of white sand vegetation from the plains of northern Amazonia. © 2019, Academia Brasileira de Ciencias. All rights reserved

Atividade biológica de extratos acetato de etila, etanólico e aquoso de timbó (Lonchocarpus floribundus) sobre carrapato bovino

Os extratos acetato de etila, etanólico e aquoso de raízes de Lonchocarpus floribundus foram utilizados, a fim de avaliar a atividade biológica sobre carrapato bovino. Carrapatos adultos foram coletados em bovinos infestados artificialmente, separados em grupos de dez indivíduos, pesados e imersos, separadamente, nos extratos de raízes de L. Floribundus, nas concentrações de 5, 25, 50, 75 e 100 mg mL-1. Para a avaliação em larvas, foram utilizados indivíduos de 14 a 21 dias, os quais foram imersos nos extratos nas concentrações de 1, 5, 10, 15 e 20 mg mL-1. Após o tratamento, cada grupo foi colocado em placa de Petri e incubado a 27 ± 1 ºC e umidade relativa de 80 ± 5%. Os extratos avaliados não foram eficazes para induzir, acima de 50%, a mortalidade de fêmeas ingurgitadas. Os extratos acetato de etila e etanólico induziram 100% de mortalidade de larvas. Entretanto, quanto aos valores de concentração letal mediana (CL50), o extrato etanólico (CL50 = 2,1 mg mL-1) foi mais tóxico que o extrato acetato de etila (CL50 = 4,1 mg mL-1). O extrato etanólico estimou concentração inibitória mediana (CI50) de 3,0 mg mL-1 e foi mais tóxico que os demais extratos quanto a este parâmetro de avaliação. Entre os três extratos avaliados, os extratos acetato de etila e etanólico apresentaram os melhores resultados quanto ao controle de reprodução de R. (B.) microplus, atingindo 100% na concentração de 5 mg mL-1. Os extratos de raízes de L. Floribundus apresentaram atividade biológica sobre carrapato bovino

EFEITO DO CARBARYL SOBRE O 'RUSSETING' DA MAÇÃ (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.), CULTIVARES 'GALA', 'FUJI' E 'GOLDEN DELICIOUS' EFFECT OF CARBARYL ON RUSSETING OF APPLE (Malus domestica Borkh.), CULTIVARS 'GALA', 'FUJI' AND 'GOLDEN DELICIOUS'

O "russeting" da maçã caracteriza-se por uma camada de cortiça formada entre as células da epiderme e que dá um aspecto de rugosidade à superfície do fruto, depreciando-o para a comercialização. O raleio de frutos é uma prática cultural bastante difundida entre os produtores de maçã. Pode ser efetuada manualmente, quimicamente ou pela associação de ambos. Dentre os produtos mais usados para raleio químico, estão o ácido naftaleno acético (ANA) e o carbaryl, um inseticida carbamato, conhecido comercialmente como Sevinâ. Há duas formulações de carbaryl no mercado brasileiro, mas não existem dados de pesquisa suficientes que permitam escolher a formulação mais adequada. Há citações de que o carbaryl pode causar "russeting" em maçãs. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar as duas formulações de carbaryl existentes no mercado, quanto ao seu efeito sobre o "russeting" nas maçãs. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Fraiburgo e em Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram avaliadas duas concentrações, 500 ppm e 1.500 ppm de carbaryl. Foram testadas duas formulações, uma em pó-molhável com 85% de i.a. e outra em suspensão concentrada com 48% de i.a. Como a incidência de "russeting" varia entre cultivares, testou-se em 'Gala', 'Fuji' e 'Golden Delicious', que são as três mais importantes no mercado brasileiro. Os resultados mostraram que: 1) A ocorrência de "russeting" para as três cultivares foi maior em Fraiburgo do que em Caçador; 2) O carbaryl, na formulação solução concentrada, causou mais "russeting" em 'Golden Delicious', em Caçador, indicando que o seu uso deve ser evitado para essa cultivar, dando-se preferência à formulação pó-molhável; 3)Tanto a formulação quanto a concentração de carbaryl não afetaram a incidência de "russeting" nas cultivares 'Gala' e 'Fuji' nos dois locais.<br>Russeting is characterized by the development of a cork layer among the epidermal cells giving an aspect of rugosity to the fruit surface, reducing its marketability. Fruit thinning is a technique widely used by apple growers. It can be done by hand or by using chemical thinning or by both, chemical and hand thinning. Among the most used chemical for thinning are naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and the insecticide carbaryl, commonly known as Sevinâ. In the Brazilian market there are two formulations of carbaryl: wetted powder and flowable solution. None of them are registered as chemical thinning for apple in Brazil. However there is not enough official research data in Brazil in this area that could support the best choice as far as russeting on the fruit is concerned. Some authors say that carbaryl may cause russeting on apples. This trial aimed to evaluate the two carbaryl formulations comparing its effect concerned to russeting. The experiments were carried out in two areas: Fraiburgo and Caçador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Two concentrations: 500 ppm and 1.500 ppm of each formulation were tested. One of the formulations was a wetted powder with 85% of a.i., the other was a flowable solution with 48% of a.i. As the incidence of russeting on apple may vary according to cultivar, the experiments were carried out on 'Gala', 'Fuji' and 'Golden Delicious'. It was concluded that: 1) Fraiburgo climactic conditions were much more favorable to russeting than those in Caçador; 2) carbaryl did not cause russeting on 'Gala' and 'Fuji' in both locations; 3) Carbaryl as flowable solution caused more russeting in 'Golden Delicious' at Caçador, so this formulation should not be recommended for this cultivar

Evaluación de la actividad anti-candida y anti-aspergillus de aceites esenciales de lippia alba (miller) n.e brown quimiotipo carvonalimoneno y su asociación con sus componentes mayoritarios.

Las plantas son fuentes de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos y los aceites esenciales de Lippia alba están mostrando en los últimos años actividad antimicótica. En este estudio la actividad antifúngica de cinco aceites de Lippia Alba (Miller) N.E Brown quimiotipo carvona- limoneno provenientes de diferentes partes del país fueron evaluados mediante la determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI). Para tal fin se utilizaron las técnicas de microdilución en caldo AFST- EUCAST para levaduras fermentadoras de glucosa y la M38-A para hongos filamentosos. Se encontró que el aceite más activo fue el de L. alba de Flandes-Tolima con valores de CMI de 0,004 ±0,0%v/v para A. fumigatus y 0,036±0,021 para C. krusei. Los aceites esenciales mas activos de L. alba mostraron una asociación con sus componentes mayoritarios limoneno, carvona y biciclosesquifelandreno a una proporción aproximada de 18/27/27 respectivamente.The plants are source of active secondary metabolites and the essential oils of Lippia alba species have been showed antifungal activity in vitro recently. In this study, antifungal activity of five essential oils of Lippia alba species chemotype carvone- limonene from different parts of the country were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) following standard microdilution method protocols AFST-EUCAST EUCAST for glucose fermentation yeasts and CLSI-M38- A for filamentous fungi. It was found that the most active oil was obtained of Lippia alba from Flandes-Tolima with values of MIC of 0,004 ±0,0%v/v for A. fumigatus and 0,036±0,021 for C. krusei. Essential oils of Lippia alba more active showed an association with its majority components limonene, carvone and bicyclosesquiphellandrene to approximate rate of 18/27/27 respectivel

Survey Of The Bru1 Gene For Brown Rust Resistance In Brazilian Local And Basic Sugarcane Germplasm

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Bru1 is currently the major gene conferring brown rust resistance in sugarcane, and diagnostic markers are available. A survey for the presence of this gene was conducted on 391 genotypes including Brazilian cultivars, clones and basic germplasm. The efficiency of these markers for identifying resistant cultivars and artificially inoculated basic germplasm was also evaluated. The Bru1 frequency among cultivars (73.5%) suggests this gene is the prevalent source of brown rust resistance in Brazilian sugarcane breeding programmes. Most of the cultivars known to be resistant were positive for Bru1, although other genes for resistance could be present in lines not having Bru1. Only 17.8% of the basic germplasm accessions were positive for the Bru1 gene, and a low correlation between Bru1 diagnostic markers and brown rust severity was observed for basic germplasm accessions. Overall, Bru1 diagnostic markers proved to be efficient identifying resistant cultivars and clones and have potential to be in screening brown rust resistance in Brazilian breeding programmes. © 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH13621821872013-22500-5, FAPESP, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Laser engineering of biomimetic surfaces

47 pags., 48 figs., 4 tabs.The exciting properties of micro- and nano-patterned surfaces found in natural species hide a virtually endless potential of technological ideas, opening new opportunities for innovation and exploitation in materials science and engineering. Due to the diversity of biomimetic surface functionalities, inspirations from natural surfaces are interesting for a broad range of applications in engineering, including phenomena of adhesion, friction, wear, lubrication, wetting phenomena, self-cleaning, antifouling, antibacterial phenomena, thermoregulation and optics. Lasers are increasingly proving to be promising tools for the precise and controlled structuring of materials at micro- and nano-scales. When ultrashort-pulsed lasers are used, the optimal interplay between laser and material parameters enables structuring down to the nanometer scale. Besides this, a unique aspect of laser processing technology is the possibility for material modifications at multiple (hierarchical) length scales, leading to the complex biomimetic micro- and nano-scale patterns, while adding a new dimension to structure optimization. This article reviews the current state of the art of laser processing methodologies, which are being used for the fabrication of bioinspired artificial surfaces to realize extraordinary wetting, optical, mechanical, and biological-active properties for numerous applications. The innovative aspect of laser functionalized biomimetic surfaces for a wide variety of current and future applications is particularly demonstrated and discussed. The article concludes with illustrating the wealth of arising possibilities and the number of new laser micro/nano fabrication approaches for obtaining complex high-resolution features, which prescribe a future where control of structures and subsequent functionalities are beyond our current imagination.This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the project“BioCombs4Nanofibers” [grant agreement No. 862016] and“BioProMarL” [grant agreement No. 852048], the Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state governments and the Spanish Research Agency (AEI, Ministry of Research and Innovation) jointly with the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through project“UDiSON [grant No. TEC2017-82464-R