Repercussões epidemiológicas da Demência no Brasil: um perfil dos últimos 5 anos

Introduction: Dementia is a syndrome characterized by persistent cognitive deficits that affect daily activities, especially in the elderly. Its incidence has increased with population aging. Objective: To investigate the epidemiological repercussions of dementia in Brazil in the last 5 years. Methods: Descriptive observational study based on data from the Hospital Information System (SIH) of SUS and bibliographic databases. The number of hospitalizations and deaths due to dementia between 2018 and 2022 were analyzed. Results: The Southeast region concentrated the highest number of hospitalizations due to dementia (56.22%), due to the high population and elderly density. The most affected age group was 80 years or older (26.65%), reflecting aging and risks associated with dementia. Males showed a slight predominance in hospitalizations (51.57%), possibly due to risk factors. Urgent care prevailed (72.48%) due to the progressive nature of the disease and acute complications. As for deaths, 54.65% occurred in the age group of 80 years or older, related to greater vulnerability at this age. Conclusion: The study revealed significant patterns of the epidemiological repercussions of dementia in Brazil. These conclusions highlight the importance of preventive interventions and multidisciplinary management of dementia, as well as public health policies that address its complex health and social implications.Introdução: A demência é uma síndrome caracterizada por déficits cognitivos persistentes que afetam as atividades diárias, principalmente em idosos. Sua incidência tem aumentado com o envelhecimento populacional. Objetivo: Investigar as repercussões epidemiológicas da demência no Brasil nos últimos 5 anos. Métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo com base em dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) do SUS e bases de dados bibliográficas. Foram analisados número de internações e óbitos por demência entre 2018 e 2022. Resultados: A região Sudeste concentrou o maior número de internações por demência (56,22%), devido à alta densidade populacional e idosa. A faixa etária mais afetada foi a de 80 anos ou mais (26,65%), refletindo o envelhecimento e riscos associados à demência. O sexo masculino apresentou ligeira predominância nas internações (51,57%), possivelmente devido a fatores de risco. O atendimento de urgência prevaleceu (72,48%) devido à natureza progressiva da doença e complicações agudas. Quanto aos óbitos, 54,65% ocorreram na faixa etária dos 80 anos ou mais, relacionados à maior vulnerabilidade nessa idade. Conclusão: O estudo revelou padrões significativos das repercussões epidemiológicas da demência no Brasil. Essas conclusões destacam a importância de intervenções preventivas e gerenciamento multidisciplinar da demência, além de políticas de saúde pública que abordem suas complexas implicações sociais e de saúde

Lutzomyia longipalpis Saliva Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression at Bite Sites

Sand flies bite mammalian hosts to obtain a blood meal, driving changes in the host inflammatory response that support the establishment of Leishmania infection. This effect is partially attributed to components of sand fly saliva, which are able to recruit and activate leukocytes. Our group has shown that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) favors Leishmania survival in infected cells by reducing inflammatory responses. Here, we show that exposure to sand fly bites is associated with induction of HO-1 in vivo. Histopathological analyses of skin specimens from human volunteers experimentally exposed to sand fly bites revealed that HO-1 and Nrf2 are produced at bite sites in the skin. These results were recapitulated in mice ears injected with a salivary gland sonicate (SGS) or exposed to sand fly bites, indicating that vector saliva may be a key factor in triggering HO-1 expression. Resident skin macrophages were the main source HO-1 at 24–48 h after bites. Additionally, assays in vivo after bites and in vitro after stimulation with saliva both demonstrated that HO-1 production by macrophages was Nrf2-dependent. Collectively, our data demonstrates that vector saliva induces early HO-1 production at the bite sites, representing a major event associated with establishment of naturally-transmitted Leishmania infections

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Estratégias de educação alimentar e nutricional na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma revisão de literatura

RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou revisar de forma sistemática a produção científica sobre intervenções de educação alimentar e nutricional com indivíduos adultos no campo da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil, no período de 2006 a 2016. Foram selecionados 11 artigos que responderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Observou-se uma descrição breve das bases teórico-metodológicas, limitando a reprodução das intervenções. As práticas educativas desenvolvidas possuem pouco enfoque na promoção da saúde e uma forte tendência metodológica clássica, sendo necessários estudos qualitativos, com a percepção da autonomia, e que ampliem o uso de metodologias ativas nos processos de intervenção

Food and nutrition education strategies in Primary Health Care: a literature review

<p></p><p>ABSTRACT This study aimed to systematically review the scientific production on interventions of food and nutritional education with adults individuals in the area of Primary Health Care in Brazil, in the period from 2006 to 2016.11 articles were selected which responded to the egibililty criteria. A brief description of the theoretical-methodological bases was observed, limiting the production of interventions. The educational practices developed have little focus on health promotion and strong classical methodological tendency. It is necessary to perform qualitative studies with perception of autonomy and that will increase the use of active methodologies in the intervention processes.</p><p></p

CÓDIGO FLORESTAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL E OS CONFLITOS COM O NOVO CÓDIGO FLORESTAL BRASILEIRO

O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar uma descrição do novo Código Florestal Brasileiro (CFB) e comparar ao Código Florestal do Rio Grande do Sul, para evidenciar a necessidade de atualização do Código Florestal Estadual e apresentar propostas e alternativas para que o mesmo se adeque ao Novo Código Florestal vigente no Brasil. O trabalho visa subsidiar a compreensão de que com leis mais claras e que se apresentem de maneira mais coerente ao produtor rural, amplia-se a facilidade e conhecimento para as adequações da legislação, e desta maneira saírem da ilegalidade, caso esse de muitos produtores rurais do Estado. Realizou-se a comparação das leis que compõe os dois códigos, dividindo-se análises nos seguintes temas: Áreas de Preservação Permanente, Reserva Legal, Silvicultura, Áreas Consolidadas e Fiscalização. Desta maneira, observou-se a necessidade da atualização do Código Florestal do Rio Grande do Sul, o qual apresenta-se com objetivos distintos quando comparado aos conceitos e interpretações do Novo Código Florestal vigente no País.Palavras-chave: legislação ambiental, área de preservação permanente, reserva legal.  FOREST CODE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL AND CONFLICTS WITH NEW BRAZILIAN FOREST CODE  ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to present a description of the new Brazilian Forest Code (BFC) and compare the Forest of Rio Grande do Sul Code, to highlight the need to update the State Forest Code, to present proposals and alternatives for the same adjustment is in accordance with the current New Forest Code in Brazil. The work aims to subsidize the understanding that with clearer laws and put up more consistently to farmers way , extends to the ease and knowledge to the adequacy of the legislation, and thus leave the illegality, if that many farmers of State. It was performed to compare the laws that make up the two codes, dividing analysis on the following topics: Permanent Preservation Areas, Legal Reserve, Forestry, Consolidated and Inspection Areas. Thus, there was the need to update the Forestry Code of Rio Grande do Sul, as this presents with distinct objectives when compared to the concepts and interpretations of the New Forest Code in force in the country.Keywords: environment, permanent preservation area, legal reserve.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n01a0

Código Florestal do Rio Grande do Sul e os conflitos com o Novo Código Florestal Brasileiro

O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar uma descrição do novo Código Florestal Brasileiro (CFB) e comparar ao Código Florestal do Rio Grande do Sul, para evidenciar a necessidade de atualização do Código Florestal Estadual e apresentar propostas e alternativas para que o mesmo se adeque ao Novo Código Florestal vigente no Brasil. O trabalho visa subsidiar a compreensão de que com leis mais claras e que se apresentem de maneira mais coerente ao produtor rural, amplia-se a facilidade e conhecimento para as adequações da legislação, e desta maneira saírem da ilegalidade, caso esse de muitos produtores rurais do Estado. Realizou-se a comparação das leis que compõe os dois códigos, dividindo-se análises nos seguintes temas: Áreas de Preservação Permanente, Reserva Legal, Silvicultura, Áreas Consolidadas e Fiscalização. Desta maneira, observou-se a necessidade da atualização do Código Florestal do Rio Grande do Sul, o qual apresenta-se com objetivos distintos quando comparado aos conceitos e interpretações do Novo Código Florestal vigente no País.Palavras-chave: legislação ambiental, área de preservação permanente, reserva legal.  FOREST CODE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL AND CONFLICTS WITH NEW BRAZILIAN FOREST CODE  ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to present a description of the new Brazilian Forest Code (BFC) and compare the Forest of Rio Grande do Sul Code, to highlight the need to update the State Forest Code, to present proposals and alternatives for the same adjustment is in accordance with the current New Forest Code in Brazil. The work aims to subsidize the understanding that with clearer laws and put up more consistently to farmers way , extends to the ease and knowledge to the adequacy of the legislation, and thus leave the illegality, if that many farmers of State. It was performed to compare the laws that make up the two codes, dividing analysis on the following topics: Permanent Preservation Areas, Legal Reserve, Forestry, Consolidated and Inspection Areas. Thus, there was the need to update the Forestry Code of Rio Grande do Sul, as this presents with distinct objectives when compared to the concepts and interpretations of the New Forest Code in force in the country.Keywords: environment, permanent preservation area, legal reserve.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2318-7670.v05n01a0