Vivência de familiares de crianças com transtornos mentais

Objective: to describe the experiences of members of families that have children with mental disorders. Method: qualitative research, with the hybrid oral thematic history method carried out with eight family members in a Specialized Educational Service Center. Data were collected from March to May 2017, via semi-structured interviews. Results: two categories emerged: Emotions, feelings and difficulties experienced by family members of children with mental disorders; and, Support for family, social and health support for children with mental disorders. The family reported tiredness, exhaustion, guilt and insecurity, revealing important changes in the family dynamics following the diagnosis of mental disorder. Final considerations: family members lack information about mental disorders; need to adapt the family routine to attend to the child; and require support from family, friends, teachers and other professionals so that they can take care of their child.Objetivo: descrever a vivência de familiares de crianças com transtornos mentais. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, com o método história oral temática híbrida realizada com oito familiares em um Centro de Atendimento Educacional Especializado. Os dados foram coletados de março a maio de 2017, mediante entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: Emoções, sentimentos e dificuldades vivenciadas por familiares de crianças com transtornos mentais; e, Suporte de apoio familiar, social e de saúde à criança com transtornos mentais. Os familiares referiram cansaço, desgaste, culpa e insegurança, evidenciando mudanças importantes na dinâmica familiar após o diagnóstico de transtorno mental. Considerações finais: os familiares carecem de informações sobre o transtorno mental, apresentam necessidade de adaptar a rotina familiar para atender à criança, e apoio de familiares, amigos, professores e outros profissionais para que consigam cuidar de seu ente

Characterization of drugs prescribed to the elderly in the Family Health Strategy

Considering that the elderly are heavy consumers of medications, with significant consequences for their living conditions, the current study was intended to analyze the characteristics of such drug prescription, using the indicators proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), and to characterize the drug classes prescribed to them in four units under the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Marilia, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. One family health unit (FIIU) was selected by region of the city, and 100 patient charts were checked in FHU-A; 86 in B, 99 in C, and 97 in D. According to WHO drug prescription criteria, the results were similar to the recommended patterns except for drug prescription by generic name. In addition, there were significant differences between the family health units. The most frequently prescribed drug classes were for cardiovascular disorders. The health professionals showed a concern for adjusting drug prescription to rational-use criteria. However, there is a need for understanding the differences in prescription between units and a search for consensus, aimed at rational drug use.Fac Med Marilia, BR-17514000 Marilia, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Saude, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Saude, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Suplementação vitamínica durante a gestação: revisão sistemática

Introdução: O organismo da gestante sofre inúmeras mudanças fisiológicas e anatômicas para benefícios da saúde materna e fetal. Por essa razão, além de uma dieta adequada, é necessário considerar suplementação vitamínica evitando deficiência nutricional. Objetivo: Avaliar por meio de uma revisão a importância da adequada suplementação de vitaminas durante a gestação para o bem estar do binômio materno fetal. Métodos: A realização da busca se deu nas seguintes bases de dados: Medical Literature and Retrivial System onLine (MEDLINE/PubMed), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), utilizando-se os descritores “Gestação” e “Suplementação Nutricional”, selecionados previamente no Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCs). Resultados: Foram selecionados 20 artigos de estudos variados, dentre eles: ensaios clínicos randomizados, meta análise, estudo transversal analítico. Avaliou-se os seguintes suplementos:  ácido fólico, cálcio, ômega 3, sulfato ferroso, vitamina A e vitamina D. Discussão: O trabalho em questão se dedicou à pesquisa de suplementos vitamínicos para o uso durante a gestação, expondo os principais indicadores no que tange o desenvolvimento saudável da gestante e do feto. As suplementações de ácido fólico, cálcio, ômega 3, sulfato ferroso e vitamina A, evidenciaram benefícios para esses grupos e estão relacionados à formação fetal adequada e prevenção de eventos como parto prematuro, aborto espontâneo e pré-eclâmpsia. Contudo, no caso da vitamina D, não existem estudos suficientes que comprovem a sua necessidade. Considerações Finais: A suplementação de vitaminas e minerais são importantes durante a gestação, apresentando diversos benefícios como redução da incidência de pré-eclâmpsia, parto prematuro e diabetes gestacional. Dessa forma, é necessário individualizar o pré-natal

Microglia dysfunction caused by the loss of Rhoa disrupts neuronal physiology and leads to neurodegeneration

© 2020 The Author(s). Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0)Nervous tissue homeostasis requires the regulation of microglia activity. Using conditional gene targeting in mice, we demonstrate that genetic ablation of the small GTPase Rhoa in adult microglia is sufficient to trigger spontaneous microglia activation, producing a neurological phenotype (including synapse and neuron loss, impairment of long-term potentiation [LTP], formation of β-amyloid plaques, and memory deficits). Mechanistically, loss of Rhoa in microglia triggers Src activation and Src-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, leading to excitotoxic glutamate secretion. Inhibiting Src in microglia Rhoa-deficient mice attenuates microglia dysregulation and the ensuing neurological phenotype. We also find that the Rhoa/Src signaling pathway is disrupted in microglia of the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer disease and that low doses of Aβ oligomers trigger microglia neurotoxic polarization through the disruption of Rhoa-to-Src signaling. Overall, our results indicate that disturbing Rho GTPase signaling in microglia can directly cause neurodegeneration.The authors acknowledge the support of the following i3S Scientific Platforms: Animal Facility, Translational Cytometry Unit (TraCy), BioSciences Screening (BS) and Advanced Light Microscopy (ALM), and members of the national infrastructure PPBI-Portuguese Platform of BioImaging (supported by POCI-01–0145-FEDER-022122). FCT Portugal ( PTDC/MED-NEU/31318/2017-031318 ) supported work in the J.B.R. lab. FCT Portugal , PEst ( UID/NEU/04539/2013 ), COMPETE-FEDER ( POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 ), Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme ( CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008 : BrainHealth 2020), and Strategic Project UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020 (CIBB) supported work in the A.F.A. lab. C.C.P. and R.S. hold employment contracts financed by national funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.) in the context of the program contract described in paragraphs 4, 5, and 6 of article 23 of law no. 57/2016, of August 29th, as amended by law no. 57/2017 of July 19th.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Perfil do consumidor de carne ovina na cidade de Dourados – MS

O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a frequência do consumo de carne de diferentes espécies de animais e caracterizar o consumidor de carne de ovelha em Dourados-MS. O instrumento de coleta utilizado foi um questionário estruturado, com objectivos e questões qualitativas. As inferências da pesquisa são mais representativo para os consumidores de ambos os sexos (macho e fêmea), entre 20 e 39 anos de idade, com renda familiar entre 1 e 6 salários mínimos e incompleto ensino superior. O menu da maioria dos entrevistados é composto de carne de aves - duas vezes por semana, gado de corte - 3 vezes por semana, carne de porco e peixe - uma vez por semana. Sobre o consumo de carne de ovelha, 28,75% dos entrevistados não consomem carne de ovino e o odor característico e forte sabor da carne de ovino foi o atributo mais comentado e 71,25% dos entrevistados consomem carne de ovino, portanto, há um mercado potencial para consumo de carne de ovelhas na cidade de Dourados. Entre as preferências dos consumidores, é o corte da perna moderado com a mistura de sal, vinho e ervas, preparadas na churrasqueira e com a carne ao ponto, no momento do consumo

A new experimental model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in Wistar rats

Objective: To describe a new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the cigarette smoke group, comprising 12 rats exposed to smoke from 12 commercial filter cigarettes three times a day (a total of 36 cigarettes per day) every day for 30 weeks; and the control group, comprising 12 rats exposed to room air three times a day every day for 30 weeks. Lung function was assessed by mechanical ventilation, and emphysema was morphometrically assessed by measurement of the mean linear intercept (Lm). Results: The mean weight gain was significantly (approximately ten times) lower in the cigarette smoke group than in the control group. The Lm was 25.0% higher in the cigarette smoke group. There was a trend toward worsening of lung function parameters in the cigarette smoke group. Conclusions: The new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and the methodology employed in the present study are effective and reproducible, representing a promising and economically viable option for use in studies investigating the pathophysiology of and therapeutic approaches to COPD

Polymyxin for treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a setting of high carbapenem resistance.

ObjectivesTo analyse the use of polymyxins for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) at a teaching hospital where carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria are endemic.Patients and methodsThis was a historical cohort study of patients receiving polymyxins to treat VAP in ICUs at a public university hospital in southern Brazil between January 1, 2017 and January 31, 2018.ResultsDuring the study period, 179 cases of VAP were treated with polymyxins. Of the 179 patients, 158 (88.3%) were classified as having chronic critical illness. Death occurred in 145 cases (81.0%). Multivariate analysis showed that the factors independently associated with mortality were the presence of comorbidities (PConclusionsIn our study, comprised primarily of chronically critically ill patients, there was a high prevalence of VAP caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, consistent with healthcare-associated infections in low- and middle-income countries. Presence of comorbidities and the SOFA score at the time of polymyxin prescription were predictors of mortality in this cohort. Despite aggressive antimicrobial treatment, mortality was high, stressing the need for antibiotic stewardship

Faster Cryptococcus Melanization Increases Virulence in Experimental and Human Cryptococcosis

Cryptococcus spp. are human pathogens that cause 181,000 deaths per year. In this work, we systematically investigated the virulence attributes of Cryptococcus spp. clinical isolates and correlated them with patient data to better understand cryptococcosis. We collected 66 C. neoformans and 19 C. gattii clinical isolates and analyzed multiple virulence phenotypes and host–pathogen interaction outcomes. C. neoformans isolates tended to melanize faster and more intensely and produce thinner capsules in comparison with C. gattii. We also observed correlations that match previous studies, such as that between secreted laccase and disease outcome in patients. We measured Cryptococcus colony melanization kinetics, which followed a sigmoidal curve for most isolates, and showed that faster melanization correlated positively with LC3-associated phagocytosis evasion, virulence in Galleria mellonella and worse prognosis in humans. These results suggest that the speed of melanization, more than the total amount of melanin Cryptococcus spp. produces, is crucial for virulence

Faster cryptococcus melanization increases virulence in experimental and human cryptococcosis

Cryptococcus spp. are human pathogens that cause 181,000 deaths per year. In this work, we systematically investigated the virulence attributes of Cryptococcus spp. clinical isolates and correlated them with patient data to better understand cryptococcosis. We collected 66 C. neoformans and 19 C. gattii clinical isolates and analyzed multiple virulence phenotypes and host–pathogen interaction outcomes. C. neoformans isolates tended to melanize faster and more intensely and produce thinner capsules in comparison with C. gattii. We also observed correlations that match previous studies, such as that between secreted laccase and disease outcome in patients. We measured Cryptococcus colony melanization kinetics, which followed a sigmoidal curve for most isolates, and showed that faster melanization correlated positively with LC3-associated phagocytosis evasion, virulence in Galleria mellonella and worse prognosis in humans. These results suggest that the speed of melanization, more than the total amount of melanin Cryptococcus spp. produces, is crucial for virulence