Modeling and Analysis of speed tuning of a PMSM with presence of crack using genetic algorithms

[EN] In this article, we propose the continuous system model corresponding to the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with the presence of degradation in the rotational inertia of the rotor through the fissure mechanism, which allows the estimation of the physical parameters. We consider the diameter of the split on the rotor in the analysis of the model, and in effect, the decrease of the uncertainty of the PMSM model. The closed- loop identification of the gains is achieved by a sensibility analysis, whilst the gains obtained by the computational optimization method of search through genetic algorithms, allows the proposed model converge to the reference model.[ES] En el presente artículo se propone el modelado del sistema continuo correspondiente al motor síncrono de imanes permanentes (MSIP) con presencia de degradación en la inercia rotacional del rotor, mediante el mecanismo de fisura, lo cual permite la estimación de parámetros físicos, en el caso de análisis, el diámetro de la grieta presente en el rotor, disminuyendo con ello la incertidumbre en el modelado del MSIP. Se lleva a cabo la identificación en bucle cerrado de las ganancias mediante un análisis de sensibilidad, donde mediante el método computacional de optimización de búsqueda por algoritmos genéticos se obtienen las ganancias que logran converger el modelo propuesto al modelo de referencia.Este trabajo ha sido realizado gracias al apoyo de la beca otorgada por el consejo nacional de ciencia y tecnología (CONACYT) con número de asignación 622392, la Universidad Politécnica de Tulancingo (UPT) y la Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial (RIAI), sin cuyo apoyo académico, económico y motivacional no habría podido desarrollarse el presente escrito, nuestro mayor reconocimiento y agradecimiento a todas las personas que se encuentran detrás de los citados organismos e instituciones.Manilla Garcia, A.; Rivas Cambero, I.; Monroy Anieva, J. (2019). Modelado y Análisis de Sintonización de Velocidad de un MSIP con Presencia de Fisura Mediante Algoritmos Genéticos. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática. 16(2):190-199. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2018.9767SWORD19019916

Proposal of model of current consumption variation of an MSIP due to the effect of imbalance due to the presence of surface cracks in the rotor

[EN] This article proposes a model to characterize the current variation in terminals of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (MSIP) as a result of the imbalance effect on the rotor due to a surface crack. The imbalance in the rotor is modeled using the Laval equations with the effect of the surface crack. A model of the air gap variation effect is proposed based on this imbalance, which causes a variation in the inductances of the MSIP model, which in turn causes a variation in current consumption. With this model it is expected to contribute in the field of determination of  hysical parameters, in this case, cracks or imbalances caused by imperfections that behave as such.[ES] En el presente artículo se propone un modelo para caracterizar las variación de corriente en terminales de un motor síncrono de imanes permanentes (MSIP) como consecuencia del efecto de desbalance en el rotor a causa de una grieta superficial. Se modela el desbalance en el rotor mediante las ecuaciones de Laval con acoplamiento del efecto de la grieta superficial. Se propone un modelo de efecto de variación del entrehierro a partir de este desbalance, lo cual origina una variación en las inductancias del modelo del MSIP, que a su vez ocasionan una variación en el consumo de la corriente. Con este modelo se espera contribuir en el campo de determinación de parámetros físicos, en este caso, grietas o desbalances causados por imperfecciones que se comporten como tal.Este trabajo es desarrollado bajo el programa de Doctorado en Optomecatrónica de la Universidad Politécnica de Tulancingo (UPT) en apoyo económico brindado por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) mediante la beca número 622392, y publicado gracias a la labor y trabajo de los miembros de la Revista de Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial (RIAI).Manilla-García, A.; Rivas-Cambero, I.; Guerrero-Rodriguez, NF. (2020). Propuesta de modelo de variación de consumo de corriente de un MSIP por efecto de desbalance por presencia de grietas superficiales en el rotor. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 17(4):424-431. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2020.12200OJS424431174Arana J. L., González J. J., 2011, Mecánica de la fractura, Servicio editorial de la universidad del País Vasco, página. 186.Bachschmid N., Pennacchi P., Tanzi E., 2010, Cracker Rotors, Editorial Springer, pages 109-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01485-7_5Cha Y., Choi W., Büyüköztürk O., Deep Learning‐Based Crack Damage Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks, Computer Aided Civil and Infraestructure Engineering, First published, 23 March 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12263Dunn M., Carcione A., Blanloeuil P. Veidt M., Critical Aspects of Experimental Damage Detection Methodologies Using Nonlinear Vibro-ultrasonics, Procedia Engineering, Volume 188, 2017, Page 133-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.466.Forth S. C., Newman J. C., Forman R. G., Anomalous Fatigue Crack Growth Data Generated Using the ASTM Standards, Journal of ASTM International, volumen 3, January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI13180.Genta G., 2005, Dynamics of Rotating System, editorial Springer, pages 332-354. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28687-XGinsberg, J.H. Mechanical and Structural Vibration: Theory and Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1383673González G. N., De Angelo C. H., Forchetti D. G., Aligia D. A., Diagnostico de fallas en el convertidor del Rotor en Generadores de Inducción con Rotor Bobinado, Revista Iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial, Volumen 15, 2018, páginas 297-308, https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2017.9042.Krause P. C., Wasynczuk O., Sudhoff S. D., 2002, Analisys of electric machinery and drive systems, Editorial Wiley Interscience, pages 109-138. https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470544167Krishnan R., 2010, Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives, Editorial CRC Press, pages 72-105.Manilla-García A., Rivas-Cambero I., Monroy-Anieva J. A., Modelado y análisis de sintonización de velocidad de un MSIP con presencia de fisura mediante algoritmos genéticos, Revista Iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial, https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2018.9767.Xue W., Li Y., Cang S., Jia H.,Wang Z. Chaotic behavior and circuit implementation of a fractional-order permanent magnet synchronous motor model, Journal of the Franklin Institute, 20 de mayo de 2015, pages 2887-2898, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2015.05.025.Zerbst U., Madia M., Vormwald M., Beier H.Th., Fatigue strength and fracture mechanics - A general perspective, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Volume 198, July 2018, Page 2-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.04.030

Computer Vision and Metrics Learning for Hypothesis Testing: An Application of Q-Q Plot for Normality Test

This paper proposes a new procedure to construct test statistics for hypothesis testing by computer vision and metrics learning. The application highlighted in this paper is applying computer vision on Q-Q plot to construct a new test statistic for normality test. Traditionally, there are two families of approaches for verifying the probability distribution of a random variable. Researchers either subjectively assess the Q-Q plot or objectively use a mathematical formula, such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, to formally conduct a normality test. Graphical assessment by human beings is not rigorous whereas normality test statistics may not be accurate enough when the uniformly most powerful test does not exist. It may take tens of years for statistician to develop a new and more powerful test statistic. The first step of the proposed method is to apply computer vision techniques, such as pre-trained ResNet, to convert a Q-Q plot into a numerical vector. Next step is to apply metric learning to find an appropriate distance function between a Q-Q plot and the centroid of all Q-Q plots under the null hypothesis, which assumes the target variable is normally distributed. This distance metric is the new test statistic for normality test. Our experimentation results show that the machine-learning-based test statistics can outperform traditional normality tests in all cases, particularly when the sample size is small. This study provides convincing evidence that the proposed method could objectively create a powerful test statistic based on Q-Q plots and this method could be modified to construct many more powerful test statistics for other applications in the future

Annama H chondrite-Mineralogy, physical properties, cosmic ray exposure, and parent body history

The fall of the Annama meteorite occurred early morning (local time) on April 19, 2014 on the Kola Peninsula (Russia). Based on mineralogy and physical properties, Annama is a typical H chondrite. It has a high Ar-Ar age of 4.4 Ga. Its cosmic ray exposure history is atypical as it is not part of the large group of H chondrites with a prominent 7-8 Ma peak in the exposure age histograms. Instead, its exposure age is within uncertainty of a smaller peak at 30 +/- 4 Ma. The results from short-lived radionuclides are compatible with an atmospheric pre-entry radius of 30-40 cm. However, based on noble gas and cosmogenic radionuclide data, Annama must have been part of a larger body (radius >65 cm) for a large part of its cosmic ray exposure history. The Be-10 concentration indicates a recent (3-5 Ma) breakup which may be responsible for the Annama parent body size reduction to 30-35 cm pre-entry radius.Peer reviewe

Nanoindenting the Chelyabinsk meteorite to learn about impact deflection effects in asteroids

The Chelyabinsk meteorite is a highly shocked, low porosity, ordinary chondrite, probably similar to S- or Q-type asteroids. Therefore, nanoindentation experiments on this meteorite allow us to obtain key data to understand the physical properties of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). Tests at different length scales provide information about the local mechanical properties of the minerals forming this meteorite: reduced Young's modulus, hardness, elastic recovery, and fracture toughness. Those tests are also useful to understand the potential to deflect threatening asteroids using a kinetic projectile. We found that the differences in mechanical properties between regions of the meteorite, which increase or reduce the efficiency of impacts, are not a result of compositional differences. A low mean particle size, attributed to repetitive shock, can increase hardness, while low porosity promotes a higher momentum multiplication. Momentum multiplication is the ratio between the change in momentum of a target due to an impact, and the momentum of the projectile, and therefore higher values imply more efficient impacts. In the Chelyabinsk meteorite the properties of the light-colored lithology materials facilitate obtaining higher momentum multiplication values, compared to the other regions described for this meteorite. Also, we found a low value of fracture toughness in the shock-melt veins of Chelyabinsk, which would promote the ejection of material after an impact and therefore increase the momentum multiplication. These results are relevant in the context of a future mission to test asteroid deflection, currently being studied by ESA and NASA: the Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission

Hipertensión arterial : documento de apoyo a las actividades de educación para la salud 6

Se recogen páginas web de interés sobre la hipertensión arterialSe describe qué es la presión arterial y la hipertensión, cuáles son sus causas, los síntomas que produce, qué medios deben seguirse para su prevención, cómo se debe tratar y cómo controlarla.ExtremaduraConsejería de Sanidad y Dependencia; Calle Adriano, 4; 06800 Mérida (Badajoz); +34924004100;ES

Raman spectroscopy study of the structural effect of microbial transglutaminase on meat systems and its relationship with textural characteristics

Raman spectroscopy and texture analysis (TPA) studies were carried out to determine the effect of adding different levels of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) to meat systems. This addition produced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in hardness, springiness and cohesiveness in the meat systems. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed the occurrence of secondary structural changes in meat proteins due to MTGase. Modifications in the amide I (1650-1680 cm-1) and amide III (1200-1300 cm-1) regions indicated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in α-helix content, accompanied by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in β-sheets and turns due to the addition of the enzyme to meat systems. Significant (p < 0.05) correlations were found between these secondary structural changes in meat proteins and the textural properties (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness and cohesiveness) of meat systems. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe

Plasma powder as cold-set binding agent for meat system: Rheological and Raman spectroscopy study

The effect of plasma powder addition, with or without NaCl, to meat emulsion has been studied. The Raman spectroscopy and rheological characteristics of four model systems [plasma powder (PP), rehydrated plasma powder (PPW), meat emulsion (ME) and meat emulsion with addition of rehydrated plasma powder (MEPPW)] were evaluated. The MEPPW system showed the highest (p < 0.05) hardness, springiness and breaking force. A decrease (p < 0.05) in hardness and an increase (p < 0.05) in adhesiveness with the addition of NaCl were observed in the ME and MEPPW systems. The addition of PPW to meat emulsion (MEPPW system) produced a decrease of α-helix and an increase of turns and unordered structure (p < 0.05). A decrease in the 1450 cm-1 and 2935 cm-1 band intensities (related with hydrophobic interactions) associated to PPW addition to ME was observed. Correlations (p < 0.05) between meat protein structural changes and rheological properties of meat systems were found. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe