24 research outputs found

    Prevalence of Pre-Obesity/Obesity in Pre and Basic School Children at Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal

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    Introduction: Over 30% of Portuguese children present overweight. Being a serious public health problem with multiple causes, only a cross-sectorial and concerted action could contribute to their resolution. Municipalities have a set of skills that make them ideal for effective intervention in the fight against this problem. For this action to be effective there must be a local assessment of the extent of the problem and their spatial distribution. The aim of this study was to characterize, from the point of view of the prevalence of overweight, the population of pre-school and first cycle basic education under the responsibility of the municipality of Vila Nova de Gaia, the third most populous municipality in the country. Material and Methods: Were evaluated 8 974 pre and basic-school children, in school year 2013/14. The assessment of the nutritional status of the sample was made using anthropometric measures height and weight. In the classification of nutritional status was considered z-scores or percentiles of body mass index for age according to the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and International Obesity Task Force. Results: The prevalence of overweight by the World Health Organization requirements was 37.4%. There were some disparities in the distribution of overweight in schools of the municipality. Discussion: The results were slightly higher than those of other national and international studies, being the sampling size the possible justification for the differences founded. Conclusion: The prevalence found is high and with irregular geographical distribution, which could help identifying the main causes of the problem at the local level

    Soft and transferable skills acquisition through organizing a doctoral conference

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    UIDB/00066/2020.This article presents a 10-year experience of soft and transferable skills acquisition through the involvement of PhD students in the organization of an international conference. Soft and transferable skills acquisition is currently perceived as a core component of doctoral studies. Examples include writing and communication, teamwork, time management, leadership, resource management, negotiation, problem solving, listening, planning, entrepreneurial spirit, mastering ethics awareness, etc. The need for such skills is due to the leading role that doctoral students are expected to play in society. As such, various organizations have issued recommendations for doctoral programs to include a formal component of soft skills training. In this article, an effective way of introducing soft and transferable skills acquisition in doctoral engineering education is introduced. Namely, a form of collaborative project-based learning is designed as a compulsory course. This includes a set of base lectures, a long period of parallel working groups focusing on the various aspects of organizing an international conference, running the actual conference, and performing a post-conference assessment. Results and lessons learned demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach.publishersversionpublishe

    O Papel das Autarquias no combate à obesidade infantil

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    O combate à obesidade, pela gravidade que esta acarreta na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos e na economia dos países, é uma prioridade em praticamente todos os Estados-Membro da União Europeia. Em Portugal, o Plano Nacional de Saúde 2020 indica, como uma das quatro principais metas a atingir, o controlo da incidência e da prevalência da pré-obesidade e da obesidade infantil, que neste momento, se encontra acima dos 30%. Apesar de em alguns países, desde 2006, se notar uma desaceleração do crescimento da obesidade, ainda nenhum reportou decréscimos significativos, nas últimas três décadas. A natureza multifatorial dos determinantes da obesidade, nomeadamente os externos ao sistema de saúde, como os fatores económicos e as desigualdades sociais, não permite uma solução isolada para este problema.As autarquias têm vindo, gradualmente, a assumir responsabilidades, competências legais e capacidade técnica, que fazem com que possam assumir um papel central no combate à obesidade infantil. Só a este nível é possível atuar sobre diversos determinantes da doença de forma integrada, com autonomia e capacidade executiva e adaptada às especificidades sociodemográficas e geográficas locais. Esta atuação requer um modelo de ação onde cooperem profissionais de diversas áreas como o ambiente, a ação social, a educação, o urbanismo, a juventude e desporto, as atividades económicas, a cultura, a polícia municipal, entre outros.Neste documento, propõe-se um modelo de intervenção para o combate à obesidade infantil ao nível das autarquias com a integração de diferentes áreas, desempenhando o Nutricionista um papel central na sua coordenação.The fight against obesity, due to the gravity that it imposes in the life quality of individuals and the economy of the countries, is a priority in practically all Member States of the European Union. In Portugal, the 2020 National Health Plan indicates, as one of the four main goals, the monitoring of the incidence and the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, which currently, is above 30%. Although some countries have indicated a slowdown in the growth of obesity since 2006, no significant decreases have been reported in the last three decades. Themultifactorial nature of their determinants, in particular those external to the health system, such as economic factors and social inequalities, does not allow an isolated solution to this problem.Municipalities have been gradually taking on responsibilities, developing legal competences and technical skills, which can give them a leadingrole in the fight against childhood obesity. Only at this level it is possible to act on various determinants of the disease in an integrated manner, with autonomy and executive capacity and adapted to the local socio-demographic and geographic specificities. This act requires a model of action where professionals of various fields cooperate, such as the environment, social action, education, urban development,youth and sports, economic activities, culture, municipal police, among others.This document proposes a model of intervention that aims to fight childhood obesity at municipality's level, integrating different fields and considering the nutritionist with a central coordination role

    Suscetibilidade da Bacia do Rio Bengalas a deslizamentos de terra

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    Resumo: Deslizamentos de terra vêm ocorrendo frequentemente nos últimos anos, devido ao crescimento desordenado das cidades e à ocupação de áreas de risco pela população mais carente, causando impactos sociais, ambientais e econômicos. Áreas urbanas em sua expansão avançam para áreas geologicamente instáveis e topograficamente inclinadas, como é o caso da Bacia do Rio Bengalas, localizada no Município de Nova Friburgo, Região Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o levantamento realizado para avaliar a suscetibilidade da Bacia do Rio Bengalas a deslizamentos de terra, que em janeiro de 2011, com a ocorrência de fortes chuvas, estes desastres impactaram na morte de 429 pessoas no Município de Nova Friburgo. Para este artigo foram feitas diversas investigações relacionadas às áreas da bacia, como declividade, pedologia, litologia, uso e cobertura do solo, curvatura vertical, curvatura horizontal. Com este estudo foi possível compreender como os elementos naturais e antrópicos do local de estudo estão relacionados com a dinâmica local dos desastres no que diz respeito às suas interferências na indução dos deslizamentos de terra, possibilitando assim a melhoria da gestão pública do Município no tocante ao uso e parcelamento do solo, a partir da identificação de áreas da Bacia do Rio Bengalas suscetíveis a deslizamentos de terra. Abstract: Landslides have frequently occurred in last years, due to the disorderly grownth of the cities and the occupation of risk areas by the poor population, causing social, environmental and economic impacts. Urban areas in expansion move to geologically unstable areas and topographically inclined, such as the Basin of River Bengalas, located in the city of Nova Friburgo, mountainous region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This article aims to present the model survey to assess the susceptibility of the Basin of River Bengalas to landslides, which in January 2011, with the occurrence of heavy rains, caused landslides that impacted in the death of 429 people in city of Nova Friburgo. For the case study, several investigations have been made related to the areas of the basin, such as slope, soil conditions, lithology, land use and cover, vertical curvature and horizontal curvature. With this study it was possible to understand how the natural and anthropics elements of the basin are related to the local dynamics of the disasters regarding to their interferences in the induction of landslides, thus enabling improved public management of the Municipality regarding the use and division of land, from the identification of areas Basin of River Bengalas susceptible to landslides

    Provision of health care actions and services for the management of HIV/AIDS from the users’ perspective

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    Objetivo Analizar la oferta de acciones en los servicios de salud que prestan asistencia a las personas que viven con SIDA en el seguimiento de los servicios especializados del municipio de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Método Estudo descriptivo, exploratorio, del tipo encuesta. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas con cuestionario estructurado y análisis de datos por medio de estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados La oferta de acciones y servicios de salud se la ve como regular. Para los 301 sujetos, la atención de rutina por el equipo de referencia; exámenes de laboratorio y facilitación de antirretrovirales, vacunas y preservativos obtuvieron evaluación satisfactoria. Evaluadas como regular la oferta de exámenes para la prevención y el diagnóstico de comorbilidades, e insatisfactoria la oferta de atención especializada por otros profesionales; de grupos de apoyo psicosocial y fármacos preventivos de efecto colateral de los antirretrovirales. Conclusión Debilidades permean el seguimiento y la gestión del cuidado, con predominio del enfoque biologicista, centrado en el médico, en el que el control clínico y el acceso a la Terapia Antirretroviral se constituyen como el enfoque esencial de la asistencia prestada.
Objetivo Analisar a oferta de ações nos serviços de saúde que prestam assistência às pessoas que vivem com aids em acompanhamento nos serviços especializados do município de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Método Estudo descritivo, exploratório, do tipo inquérito. Foram realizadas entrevistas com questionário estruturado e análise dos dados por meio de estatísticas descritivas. Resultados A oferta de ações e serviços de saúde é vista como regular. Para os 301 sujeitos, o atendimento de rotina pela equipe de referência; exames laboratoriais e disponibilização de antirretrovirais, vacinas e preservativos obtiveram avaliação satisfatória. Avaliadas como regulares a oferta de exames para prevenção e diagnóstico de comorbidades, e insatisfatória a oferta de atendimento especializado por outros profissionais; de grupos de apoio psicossocial e medicamentos preventivos de efeito colateral dos antirretrovirais. Conclusão Debilidades permeiam o acompanhamento e a gestão do cuidado, com predomínio do enfoque biologicista, médico-centrado, no qual o controle clínico e o acesso a Terapia Antirretroviral constituem-se como o foco essencial da assistência prestada.


Objective To analyse the provision of health care actions and services for people living with AIDS and receiving specialised care in Ribeirão Preto, SP. Method A descriptive, exploratory, survey-type study that consisted of interviews with structured questionnaires and data analysis using descriptive statistics. Results The provision of health care actions and services is perceived as fair. For the 301 subjects, routine care provided by the reference team, laboratory tests and the availability of antiretroviral drugs, vaccines and condoms obtained satisfactory evaluations. The provision of tests for the prevention and diagnosis of comorbidities was assessed as fair, whereas the provisions of specialised care by other professionals, psychosocial support groups and medicines for the prevention of antiretroviral side effects were assessed as unsatisfactory. Conclusion Shortcomings were observed in follow-up and care management along with a predominantly biological, doctor-centred focus in which clinical control and access to antiretroviral therapy comprise the essential focus of the care provided.

    The Vulnerability to Landslides in the Basin of the Bengalas River - Nova Friburgo - Brazil Regarding the Climate Change Projection of the Eta-HadGEM-ES RCP 4.5

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    O documento fi nal da Conferência Mundial para a Redução de Desastres ocorrida em Kobe - Japão, no ano de 2005, chama a atenção para a necessidade de desenvolver sistemas de indicadores de risco e vulnerabilidade a níveis nacional e subnacional como forma de permitir aos tomadores de decisão um melhor diagnóstico das situações de risco e vulnerabilidade. Áreas urbanas em sua expansão avançam para áreas geologicamente instáveis e topografi camente inclinadas, como é o caso da Bacia do Rio Bengalas, localizada no Município de Nova Friburgo, Brasil. Em janeiro de 2011, com a ocorrência de fortes chuvas na Região Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram registrados 183 escorregamentos de terra somente na Bacia do Rio Bengalas, causando perdas humanas, econômicas e ambientais. Sob o efeito das mudanças climáticas são esperadas mudanças na frequência e magnitude dos eventos de precipitação extrema que afetam a vulnerabilidade a desastres e podem se tornar preocupantes à condição de vida das populações que vivem principalmente em áreas de riscos a escorregamentos de terra. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a vulnerabilidade a escorregamentos de terra da Bacia do Rio Bengalas para o período de 01/01/2016 a 30/12/2040, utilizando índices de vulnerabilidade a escorregamentos de terra que se mostraram efi cazes na prevenção, monitoramento e previsão a estes tipos de desastres. Os índices indicam apenas a ocorrência de um evento de vulnerabilidade escorregamentos na Bacia, associado com a ocorrência de um evento de alta intensidade de precipitação. Este resultado está de acordo com a diminuição das precipitações médias e extremas na região associadas com as projeções Eta-HadGEM-ES RCP 4.5 e relatadas na literatura científi ca. Palavras Chave: Desastres Naturais, Deslizamentos de Terra, Eta-HadGEM-ES RCP 4.5, Alterações Climáticas, Nova Friburgo, Vulnerabilidade

    MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

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    Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Provision of health care actions and services for the management of HIV/AIDS from the users’ perspective

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    Objective To analyse the provision of health care actions and services for people living with AIDS and receiving specialised care in Ribeirão Preto, SP. Method A descriptive, exploratory, survey-type study that consisted of interviews with structured questionnaires and data analysis using descriptive statistics. Results The provision of health care actions and services is perceived as fair. For the 301 subjects, routine care provided by the reference team, laboratory tests and the availability of antiretroviral drugs, vaccines and condoms obtained satisfactory evaluations. The provision of tests for the prevention and diagnosis of comorbidities was assessed as fair, whereas the provisions of specialised care by other professionals, psychosocial support groups and medicines for the prevention of antiretroviral side effects were assessed as unsatisfactory. Conclusion Shortcomings were observed in follow-up and care management along with a predominantly biological, doctor-centred focus in which clinical control and access to antiretroviral therapy comprise the essential focus of the care provided

    Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

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    Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

    Inspeção ótica automática de superfícies de alto brilho

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    Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Física (especialização em Física da Informação)O foco deste trabalho é a inspeção ótica automática de peças de plástico de automóvel com acabamento de alto brilho, principalmente, a deteção de defeitos como riscos, inclusões, acumulações de tinta e impressões digitais. Para isso, utiliza-se uma combinação de técnicas de iluminação bright e dark field, bem como um algoritmo especial para realçar e detetar defeitos. As peças possuem a mesma geometria e foram utilizadas como caso de estudo para garantir que o método é robusto para aplicações industriais, ou seja, cumpre os requisitos em termos de eficiência e tempo de inspeção. Estratégias pré-existentes são adaptadas, melhoradas e exploradas: as condições experimentais são aprimoradas, a relação entre as etapas de inspeção e o tempo de inspeção são melhor compreendidas e muitos parâmetros são testados para filtrar aqueles que devem serem evitados. Adicionalmente, métodos de polarimetria para deteção são estudados e testados com os mesmos objetivos, principalmente para examinar se um estudo mais aprofundado é valioso e para melhor compreender a interação da radiação com a matéria. Um conjunto de imagens de padrões com faixas brancas e pretas (iluminação bright e dark field) é projetado num LCD para iluminar a peça plástica para aquisição de imagem. Os padrões são alterados por um fator de deslocamento entre as imagens; cada região deve ser iluminada por bright e dark field dentro do conjunto, o que determina o seu número de imagens. Depois disso, as imagens adquiridas são processadas através de um algoritmo de realce de contraste e comparadas com a imagem processada de um template (sem defeitos). Essa comparação é feita por um algoritmo de segmentação usando técnicas de thresholding. Usando a técnica descrita, todos os defeitos foram detetados, exceto pequenos riscos superficiais. O mesmo LCD foi usado para iluminar as peças de alto brilho com condições de bright field, mas com uma câmara com micro polarizadores lineares. Os defeitos típicos comportam-se da mesma forma que as áreas sem defeito: existe conservação da polarização linear. Peças com tinta que contém flocos metálicos também foram testadas com esta técnica, apresentando resultados promissores para deteção de falta de homogeneidade nas tintas.The focus of this work is the automatic optical inspection of high-gloss plastic automobile parts, particularly, the detection of defects such as scratches, inclusions and fingerprints. In order to achieve it, a combination of bright and dark field illumination techniques, as well as a special algorithm for enhancing and detecting defects is used. The parts have the same geometry and were used as a case study to make sure the method is robust for industrial applications, i.e., fulfills the requirements in terms of efficiency and inspection time. Pre-existing strategies are adapted, improved and further explored: experimental conditions are sharpened, the relation between the stages of inspection and inspection time are better understood and many parameters are tested to filter those to avoid. Additionally, polarimetry methods for detection are briefly studied and tested with the same goals, mainly to examine if a more deepened study is valuable and to better comprehend the matter-light interaction. A set of images of striped patterns (achieving bright and dark field illumination) is projected on an LCD in order to illuminate the plastic part for image acquisition. The patterns are shifted by a displacement factor between images; every region must be illuminated by both bright and dark field witihin the set, determining its number of images. After that, acquired images are processed using a contrast enhancement algorithm and compared to the processed image of a template (with no defects). That comparison is based on a segmentation algorithm using thresholding techniques. Using bright and dark field, all defects were detected except small superficial scratches. The same LCD was used to illuminate the high-gloss parts with bright-field conditions, but with a camera with linear micro polarizers. Typical defects behave the same way as the non-defective areas: linear polarization is conserved. Parts with paint that contains metallic flakes were also tested using this technique, showing promising results for defect detection
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