Social support from developmental contexts and adolescent substance use and well-being: a comparative study of Spain and Portugal

The aim of this study was to analyse the contribution of social support from family, friend and school (teacher and classmate) contexts in substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) and well-being (life satisfaction and health-related quality of life). Participants were 5,784 Portuguese and 22,610 Spanish adolescents aged 11 to 16 years, from the 2014 edition of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Portugal and Spain. Results showed that for a higher life satisfaction, family ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .032), teacher ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .018) and classmate ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .031) support were important in Portugal, and family ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .056) and friend ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .015) support in Spain. Similarly, for a better health-related quality of life, all the social support variables were relevant in Portugal (family: p < .001, partial η 2 = .063; teacher: p < .001, partial η 2 = .032; classmate: p < .001, partial η 2 = .054; friend: p < .001, partial η 2 = .034) and in Spain (family: p < .001, partial η 2 = .054; teacher: p < .001, partial η 2 = .014; classmate: p < .001, partial η 2 = .018; friend: p < .001, partial η 2 = .040). In contrast, only family support ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .014) was relevant in Portugal for tobacco use. Therefore, social support was more relevant for adolescent well-being than for adolescent substance use, and the most relevant source of support was family support, in both Spain and Portugal

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in the saliva of sexually active women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasias

The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of human papillomavirus-DNA (HPV-DNA) in the saliva of sexually active women with HPV-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) and compare the findings with a healthy control group. The secondary objectives were: 1) to determine the concordance between genital and oral HPV types in sexually active women with HPV-related CIN; 2) to analyze whether sexual habits influence the presence of HPV-related CIN; 3) to determine whether sexual habits influence the presence of oral HPV. Saliva samples were collected from 100 sexually active women, 50 with HPV-related CIN and 50 healthy subjects presenting normal cytology. PCR assay was used to detect HPV-DNA. The prevalence of oral HPV infection in saliva samples was 14% in women with HPV-related CIN, while in the healthy group it was 12%, without statistically significant difference (p =0.766). As for the concordance between genital and oral HPV types in women with HPV-related CIN, concordance was only observed for HPV-16, whereby among 22 women with genital HPV-16, only one (4.54%) also presented oral HPV-16. Regarding the possible influence of sexual habits on the presence of cervical pathology and presence of oral HPV, it was found that marital status, age at first intercourse, number of lifetime sexual partners, and condom use are related with the presence of cervical pathology (p<0.001; p=0.017; p=0.002; and p <0.001, respectively); condom use was also found to be related to the presence of oral HPV (p<0.001). The prevalence of HPV-DNA in the saliva of sexually active women with HPV-related CIN is similar to healthy women. The concordance between genital and oral HPV types is low. Both the presence of cervical pathology and the presence of oral HPV are related to sexual habits. Wider sample size is required to confirm this results

Propuesta de modelo de negocio de un food truck de venta de desayunos en una universidad privada de Chiclayo, 2016

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo establecer un modelo de negocio para un food truck de desayunos en una universidad privada de Chiclayo. La metodología aplicada para la investigación es cualitativa – exploratoria, se fundamenta en un proceso inductivo (explorar, describir y luego generar perspectivas teóricas), es decir va de lo particular a lo general; esta metodología permite obtener información en base a entrevistas realizadas a la comunidad universitaria. La investigación busca conocer la aceptación del modelo de food truck de venta de desayuno, se basó en el modelo Lean Canvas, desarrollado en el libro Running Lean de Ash Maurya, nos da un enfoque de nueve (9) dimensiones para tener en cuenta y poder lograr un modelo de negocio de éxito. La propuesta de valor obtenida, consiste en vender productos saludables que les ayude a promover la calidad y bienestar de la salud de nuestros clientes, por ello se ofrecerán desayunos elaborados a base de frutas, cereales andinos y sándwich preparados al instante, ofrecidos en unos envases biodegradables, cumpliendo con los estándares de salubridad. Asimismo se tendrá variedad en los productos a ofrecer, para que el cliente pueda escoger y se brindará una atención rápida y personalizada con la finalidad de cumplir con uno de los aspectos que los clientes valoran

Social network analysis applied to a historical ethnographic study surrounding home birth

Safety during birth has improved since hospital delivery became standard practice, but the process has also become increasingly medicalised. Hence, recent years have witnessed a growing interest in home births due to the advantages it offers to mothers and their newborn infants. The aims of the present study were to confirm the transition from a home birth model of care to a scenario in which deliveries began to occur almost exclusively in a hospital setting; to define the social networks surrounding home births; and to determine whether geography exerted any influence on the social networks surrounding home births. Adopting a qualitative approach, we recruited 19 women who had given birth at home in the mid 20th century in a rural area in Spain. We employed a social network analysis method. Our results revealed three essential aspects that remain relevant today: the importance of health professionals in home delivery care, the importance of the mother’s primary network, and the influence of the geographical location of the actors involved in childbirth. All of these factors must be taken into consideration when developing strategies for maternal health

Brothers and sisters—“More” is better? Effects on school, violence and health

Aims: The aim of this study was to understand the differences between adolescents with and without brothers and sisters, in what concerns to risk behaviours, health and the relationship with their peers and family. Sample: The Portuguese HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children) survey included a total of 6026 students where 47.7% were boys. Results: Male adolescents with three or more brothers drink and smoke more, feel sadder, are more nervous and angrier, have more worries, and more frequently act as bullies. Boys who are only child are more satisfied with life and report more frequently that they like school. Boys with more than three sisters practice more physical activity. Girls with one brother are less victimized and have better relationships with their friends

Effect of adding Salix babylonica Extracts and Exogenous Enzymes to Basal Diets on the Meat Quality of Growing Suffolk Lambs

It was evaluated the effect of adding Salix babylonica L. extracts and exogenous enzymes in combination or individually on meat quality in growing Suffolk lambs. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 4 animals each in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments were: (i) Control: basal diet of concentrate (30%) mixture and corn silage roughage (70%); (ii) EZE (exogenous enzymes): basal diet plus 10 g of enzyme (Zado®); (iii) SB (Salix babylonica): basal diet plus 30 ml of S babylonica extracts, and (iv) EZESB (exogenous enzymes + Salix babylonica): basal diet plus 10 g enzyme and 30 ml of S. Babylonica extracts. Lambs were housed in individual cages for 60 days. Extracts were dosed orally while EZE was mixed with concentrate. At the end of the trial, lambs were slaughtered and Longissimus dorsi samples were analysed. Samples were analysed for CP, CF, ash and DM. Meat quality parameters included color, pH, carcass temperature and kidney fat. No significant differences for live weight, chemical composition, as well as hot carcass weight and cold, initial and final temperature and kideny fat. Meat lightness (variable L *) and pHf were improved (P<0.05) with EZESB treatment compared to the other three treatments, and the most optimal pHf four treatments being the most acidic. Lambs fed SB or EZE were not different from the control. In conclusion, a combined administration of EZESB to the basal diet improves meat quality by reducing the pH and increasing its lightness when compared to either EZE or SB, individually

La facilidad de comunicación parento-filial en la adolescencia: diferencias de género y tendencias temporales observadas en España

Este trabajo intenta responder básicamente a una pregunta: ¿Tienen mayores dificultades de comunicación con sus progenitores los actuales adolescentes que los de hace una o dos décadas? Partiendo de una investigación con diseño secuencial transversal, se analizan las tendencias temporales en la facilidad de comunicación parento-filial en la adolescencia a lo largo del periodo 1986-2002. Se han efectuado cuatro recogidas de datos sucesivas (1986, 1990, 1994 y 2002), utilizando muestras representativas del conjunto del alumnado de España. La muestra total está compuesta por 14.578 sujetos de 11, 13, 15 y 17 años. Entre otros hallazgos, se constata entre las chicas de 15 años una mayor dificultad de comunicación con el padre en 2002, en comparación con 1994, mientras que en los chicos de 15 años la evolución interanual al respecto es relativamente estable. En lo que se refiere a la comunicación con la madre, se detecta que los chicos de 15 años presentan en conjunto menor facilidad de comunicación con la madre en 2002 que en 1994. Entre otras implicaciones, todo ello puede significar que se están acentuando las diferencias de género en la comunicación con los progenitores en la adolescencia.This paper basically tries to answer one question: Do today’s adolescents have greater communication difficulties with their parents than did adolescents from ten or twenty years ago? A sequential cross-sectional design was used to analyse time trends in the ease of parent-child communication in adolescence for the period 1986-2002. To this end, data were collected in four subsequent years (1986, 1990, 1994 and 2002) using representative samples of schoolchildren in Spain. The sample comprised 14,578 subjects aged 11, 13, 15 and 17. Girls aged 15 were found to have greater communication difficulties with their fathers in 2002 as compared to 1994, whereas among 15-year-old boys the inter-annual evolution in this regard was relatively stable. As regards communication with mothers, 15-year-old boys generally showed greater difficulty in 2002 than in 1994. Among other implications, this may mean that gender differences are becoming more pronounced in communication with parents during adolescence

Simultaneous quantification of light elements in thin films deposited on Si substrates using proton EBS (Elastic Backscattering Spectroscopy)

Quantification of light elements content in thin films is an important and difficult issue in many technological fields such as polymeric functional thin films, organic thin film devices, biomaterials, and doped semiconducting structures. Light elements are difficult to detect with techniques based on X-ray emission, such as energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX). Other techniques, like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), can easily quantify the content of light elements within a surface but often these surface measurements are not representative of the lights elements global composition of the thin film. Standard Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), using alpha particles as probe projectiles, is not a good option to measure light elements deposited on heavier substrates composed of heavier elements like Si or glass. Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) offers a good quantification method, but most of the nuclear reactions used are selective for the quantification of only one element, so several reactions and analysis are necessary to measure different elements. In this study, Elastic Backscattering Spectroscopy (EBS) using proton beams of 2.0 MeV simultaneously quantified different light elements (helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine) contained in thin films supported on silicon substrates. The capabilities of the proposed quantification method are illustrated with examples of the analysis for a series of thin film samples: amorphous silicon with helium bubbles, fluorinated silica, fluorinated diamond-like carbon and organic thin films. It is shown that this simple and versatile procedure allows the simultaneous quantification of light elements in thin films with thicknesses in the 200-500 nm range and contents lower than 10 at.%.España Mineco CSD2007- 42 CSD2008-00023 MAT2010-21228 MAT2010-1844

Influence of Salix babylonica extract in combination or not with increasing levels of minerals mixture on in vitro rumen gas production kinetics of a total mixed ration

Plant extracts, with high concentrations of secondary metabolites, are good candidates for enhancing nutrient utilization (Patra et al., 2006; Cedillo et al., 2014). Administration of Salix babylonica (SB) extract to ruminants as feed additives modified in vitro ruminal fermentation in lambs (Jiménez-Peralta et al., 2011; Salem et al., 2014b), improved in vivo digestibility as well as average daily gain of lambs (Salem et al., 2011a, 2014b) and milk production (Salem et al., 2014a). Some plant extracts also improved animal growth and nutrient digestion (Mapiye et al., 2010; Salem et al., 2011a) due to positive impacts of their secondary metabolites on activity of ruminal microorganisms (Jiménez-Peralta et al., 2011) and/or increased amino acid flow to the duodenum (Mueller-Harvey, 2006). This can result in more muscle deposition and, consequently, heavier carcasses (Gleghorn et al., 2004) and improved meat quality (Mapiye et al., 2010).The aim of this study was to determine the effects of increasing levels of two feed additives composed of Salix babylonica (SB) extract and minerals mixture (MM) or their combination on in vitro gas production (GP) and dry matter (DM) degradability of total mixed ration (TMR; 50 concentrate: 50 corn silage, on DM basis). Combinations of four levels of SB extract (0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mL/g DM) with four levels of MM (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 g/100 g DM) were evaluated in a completely random design. Samples of TMR (1 g) were weighed in 120 mL serum bottles with addition of SB extract and/or MM. Then, 10 mL of particle free ruminal fluid were added followed by 40 mL of the buffer solution. The GP was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Addition of SB extract, without MM, increased (P<0.05) asymptotic GP (mL/g DM), the rate of GP (/h), GP and DM degradability (DMD)

Calorie restriction rescues mitochondrial dysfunction in Adck2-Deficient skeletal muscle

ADCK2 haploinsufficiency-mediated mitochondrial coenzyme Q deficiency in skeletal muscle causes mitochondrial myopathy associated with defects in beta-oxidation of fatty acids, aged-matched metabolic reprogramming, and defective physical performance. Calorie restriction has proven to increase lifespan and delay the onset of chronic diseases associated to aging. To study the possible treatment by food deprivation, heterozygous Adck2 knockout mice were fed under 40% calorie restriction (CR) and the phenotype was followed for 7 months. The overall glucose and fatty acids metabolism in muscle was restored in mutant mice to WT levels after CR. CR modulated the skeletal muscle metabolic profile of mutant mice, partially rescuing the profile of WT animals. The analysis of mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle demonstrated that CR increased both CoQ levels and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) based on both glucose and fatty acids substrates, along with mitochondrial mass. The elevated aerobic metabolism fits with an increase of type IIa fibers, and a reduction of type IIx in mutant muscles, reaching WT levels. To further explore the effect of CR over muscle stem cells, satellite cells were isolated and induced to differentiate in culture media containing serum from animals in either ad libitum or CR diets for 72 h. Mutant cells showed slower differentiation alongside with decreased oxygen consumption. In vitro differentiation of mutant cells was increased under CR serum reaching levels of WT isolated cells, recovering respiration measured by OCR and partially beta-oxidation of fatty acids. The overall increase of skeletal muscle bioenergetics following CR intervention is paralleled with a physical activity improvement, with some increases in two and four limbs strength tests, and weights strength test. Running wheel activity was also partially improved in mutant mice under CR. These results demonstrate that CR intervention, which has been shown to improve age-associated physical and metabolic decline in WT mice, also recovers the defective aerobic metabolism and differentiation of skeletal muscle in mice caused by ADCK2 haploinsufficiency.This work was supported by Junta de Andalucía grant BIO-177, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS grant FIS PI20/00541, CIBERER (U729)-ISCIII, the FEDER Funding Program from the European Union and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities grant RED2018-102576-T. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports through fellowship FPU16/03264 to JH-C, and the Association Française contre les Myopathies (AFM) through fellowship grant #22450 to CV-G. This work was funded in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH. This research was also supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI19/01310) (Co-funded by the European Union) and by the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) (2017: SGR 1428) and the CERCA