870 research outputs found
The great interpreter: images of O.R. Tambo
Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: Democracy, Popular Precedents, Practice and Culture, 13-15 July, 1994
Materialismo y finitud: El marxismo de Terry Eagleton
This essay focuses on the change of emphasisâalready announced in The Ideology of the Aesthetic (1997) and evident in Sweet Violence (2003)âthat took place in Eagletonâs writing at the turn of the century: from showing a historicist scepticism about universals to advocating acknowledgment of human creatureliness (frailty, suffering, death) without which any political project would fail. This change coincided with an approach to a Thomist version of the Christian religion that reflected the influence on Eagleton of his friend the Dominican Herbert McCabe and with a profound interest in Jacques Lacan. The article argues that this change did not affect Eagletonâs Marxist faith or imply shunning political action. Rather, the turn concerned the materialist basis of Eagletonâs proposal of a just life. The appeal to existential forces entailed, on the one hand, a critique of left historicism and of the postmodern cult of culture and relativism and, on the other, an attempt to reinforce a Marxist critique of capitalism and the resistance against fundamentalism, Nihilism, and consumerism. To propose his idea of the just life Eagleton appropriates both the notion of Christian charityâthe idea of self-realization through love and solidarityâtogether with the Thomist conception of morality rooted in the body, and Lacanâs imperative âdo not give up on desireâ.Este ensayo se centra en el cambio de eÌnfasis -ya anunciado en La esteÌtica como ideologiÌa (1997) y evidente en Dulce violencia (2003)- que se produjo en la escritura de Eagleton en el cambio de siglo: de mostrar un escepticismo historicista acerca de los universales a abogar por el reconocimiento de la criatura humana (la fragilidad, el sufrimiento, la muerte) sin la cual cualquier proyecto poliÌtico fracasariÌa. Este cambio coincidioÌ con un acercamiento a una versioÌn tomista de la religioÌn cristiana que reflejaba la influencia en Eagleton de su amigo el dominico Herbert McCabe y con un profundo intereÌs por Jacques Lacan. El artiÌculo argumenta que este cambio no afectoÌ a la fe marxista de Eagleton ni implicoÌ rehuir la accioÌn poliÌtica. MaÌs bien, el giro afectoÌ a la base materialista de la propuesta de Eagleton de una vida justa. La apelacioÌn a las fuerzas existenciales supuso, por un lado, una criÌtica a la una criÌtica al historicismo de izquierdas y al culto posmoderno de la cultura y el relativismo y, por otro, un intento de reforzar la criÌtica marxista al capitalismo y la resistencia contra el fundamentalismo, el nihilismo y el consumismo. Para proponer su idea de la vida justa, Eagleton se apropia tanto de la nocioÌn de caridad cristiana âla idea de autorrealizacioÌn a traveÌs del amor y la solidaridadâ, junto con la concepcioÌn tomista de la moral arraigada en el cuerpo, y el imperativo de Lacan de âno renunciar al deseoâ
Marxismo hegeliano: LukĂĄcs y Gramsci
This text compares LukĂĄcs' and Gramsci's ideas in the context of Marxist social theory in the first decades of the 20th century. It is a translation of A. Callinicos, Social Theory. A Historical Introduction, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007 chapter 9, pp. 202-213.Este texto compara el pensamiento de LukĂĄcs con el de Gramsci, en el contexto de la teorĂa social marxista de las primeras dĂ©cadas del siglo XX. Es una traducciĂłn de A. Callinicos, Social Theory. A Historical Introduction, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007 chapter 9, pp. 202-213
REVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS AND APORIAE OF MODERNITY
Djelo OpÄa teorija moderne potiÄe da se moderna promiĆĄlja i razumije kao
spoj dvaju konstitutivnih momenata: deklaracijskog momenta, kao afirmacije
prava na emancipaciju koje je sposobno za stalno revolucionarno proĆĄirenje,
i kapitalizma, koji je istodobno dinamiÄan i revolucionaran, i destruktivan i
izrabljivaÄki sustav. Dva su pogreĆĄna naÄina poimanja tog spoja. Prema liberalnom
shvaÄanju, deklaracijski je moment ostvaren u kapitalizmu, prema
vulgarnomarksistiÄkom, taj je emancipacijski moment puki ideologijski priÄin.
Bidetov pojam âmetastruktureâ nudi moguÄnost primjerenijeg poimanja
tog spoja. U Bidetovu poimanju metastrukture moderne, koje se temelji na
odreÄenom Äitanju i rekonstrukciji Marxova Kapitala, metastruktura oznaÄuje
opÄu matricu moguÄnosti kombinacija trĆŸiĆĄta i organizacije kao temeljnih
strukturnih znaÄajki modernog druĆĄtva. Autor kritiÄki osporava takav pristup.
Bolje je krenuti od strukture, od analize kapitalizma, i pokazati kako kapitalizam
ujedno otvara emancipacijska obzorja koja otvaraju moguÄnosti za
osporavanje kapitalizma. Primjereno razumijevanje moderne podrazumijeva
primjerenu teoriju kapitalizma, a ne neku opÄu teoriju moderne. Takav pristup
ne svodi normativni diskurs na neku vrstu superstrukturnog epifenomena.
LogiÄki je posve moguÄe tvrditi da se odreÄena naÄela i ideali pojavljuju
u nekom konkretnom povijesnom kontekstu, ali i da sadrĆŸaj tih naÄela i ideala
transcendira taj kontekst.The work General Theory of Modernity prompts us to reflect on and understand
modernity as a fusion of two constitutive moments: the declarative
moment, as an affirmation of the right to emancipation which is capable of
constant revolutionary extension, and capitalism, which is simultaneously dynamic
and revolutionary, a system both destructive and exploitative. There
are two wrong ways of understanding this fusion. According to the liberal understanding,
the declarative moment is accomplished in capitalism. According
to the vulgar Marxist understanding, the emancipatory moment is a mere
ideological illusion. Bidetâs concept of âmetastructureâ offers a possibility of
a more adequate understanding of the fusion. In Bidetâs understanding of the
metastructure of modernity, which is based on a specific reading and reconstruction
of Marxâs Capital, the metastructure designates a general matrix of
possibilities of combining market and organisation, as basic structural characteristics
of modern society. The author critically disproves such an approach.
It is better to start from the structure, from an analysis of capitalism, and show
that capitalism also opens up emancipatory horizons which make it possible to refute
capitalism. An adequate understanding of modernity requires an adequate
theory of capitalism rather than a general theory of modernity. Such an
approach does not reduce the normative discourse to some sort of super-structural
epiphenomenon. It is logically quite possible to assert that certain principles
and ideals emerge in a concrete historical context, but one can also assert
that the contents of those principles and ideals transcend that context
Actors and networks or agents and structures: towards a realist view of information systems
Actor-network theory (ANT) has achieved a measure of popularity in the analysis of information systems. This paper looks at ANT from the perspective of the social realism of Margaret Archer. It argues that the main issue with ANT from a realist perspective is its adoption of a `flat' ontology, particularly with regard to human beings. It explores the value of incorporating concepts from ANT into a social realist approach, but argues that the latter offers a more productive way of approaching information systems
Introduction to the themed issue - Corporate power : agency, communication, influence and social policy
This paper introduces this themed issue of Critical Social Policy on the question of corporate power. Corporate power is recognized as an important agent in social policy making and delivery. However, to date there has been comparatively little attention to the crucial role that lobbying and corporate 'spin' play in helping to shape policy making contexts. This special issue of Critical Social Policy is concerned to bring such issues to the mainstream of social policy analysis. It is argued here that the rise of spin and public relations is a key feature of neoliberalism in the past two decades. These have worked to reshape policy making, resulting in pronounced changes in the content and process of policy making and it is argued that these have tended to marginalize or undermine democratic processes
Sports review: A content analysis of the International Review for the Sociology of Sport, the Journal of Sport and Social Issues and the Sociology of Sport Journal across 25 years
The International Review for the Sociology of Sport, the Journal of Sport and Social Issues and Sociology of Sport Journal have individually and collectively been subject to a systematic content analysis. By focusing on substantive research papers published in these three journals over a 25-year time period it is possible to identify the topics that have featured within the sociology of sport. The purpose of the study was to identify the dominant themes, sports, countries, methodological frameworks and theoretical perspectives that have appeared in the research papers published in these three journals. Using the terms, identified by the author(s), that appear in the paperâs title, abstract and/or listed as a key word, subject term or geographical term, a baseline is established to reflect on the development of the sub-discipline as represented by the content of these three journals. It is suggested that the findings illustrate what many of the more experienced practitioners in the field may have felt subjectively. On the basis of this systematic, empirical study it is now possible to identify those areas have received extensive coverage and those which are under-researched within the sociology of sport. The findings are used to inform a discussion of the role of academic journals and the recent contributions made by Michael Silk, David Andrews, Michael Atkinson and Dominic Malcolm on the past, present and future of the âsociology of sportâ
Marxist approaches to social work
This chapter explores the diversity within Marxist approaches to social work, outlining key aspects of
Marxism and the implications for social work under capitalist states, in situations where states break
down, and under socialist states. Within each of these contexts, key examples are explored to demonstrate the range of approaches taken. The entry argues that there has been a neglect in the English-language literature of Marxist approaches to social work under socialism, and suggests that recent moves to open up the definition of social work through the concept of âpopular social workâ
offer one approach to begin filling this gap
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