Parole de tête, parole de coeur. L’a-humain, l’immonde et l’humabestial

Préoccupé par les questions de l’identité et de la subjectivité, le xxe siècle a élu deux grandes figures symboliques pour permettre à l’homme de se dire et de se définir : d’un côté, l’a-humain, de l’autre, l’abject (Julia Kristeva) et l’immonde (Jean Clair). Aujourd’hui, ces figures ne suffisent plus. À l’heure de la surexposition de l’individu au détriment de la collectivité, du zapping comme relation privilégiée au monde et d’une violence symbolique de plus en plus crue, une nouvelle figure prend de l’envergure pour interroger notre humanité : « l’humabestial », qui fonctionne sur le principe de l’alternatif. Comment cette nouvelle déclinaison, prise dans les rets du mythique et adaptée à nos sociétés occidentales, peut-elle s’imposer ? Par persuasion (parole de tête), ou par empathie (parole de coeur) ? À nous d’en mesurer l’étendue, les enjeux, les implications ontologiques.Preoccupied by issues of identity and subjectivity, the twentieth century elected two key symbolic figures to enable Man to claim and define himself: on one side, the a-human, on the other, the abject (Julia Kristeva) and the vile (Jean Clair). Today, these figures no longer suffice. At a time when the individual is overemphasized at the expense of the collectivity, when zapping is considered a privileged relationship to the world and symbolic violence has become increasingly raw, a new figure for examining our humanity is gaining ground: “the bestial human”, who functions on the principle of the alternative. How can this new declension, which is derived from the myth and adapted to our Western societies, establish itself? Through persuasion (word of mind), or empathy (word of heart)? It is up to us to measure the extent, the stakes, the ontological implications

La plume de Grainville contre l’oeil du Virginal : Ordonnance symbolique et désordre de la langue

Dans L’Atelier du peintre de Patrick Grainville, l’acte de création (poiêsis) est théorisé par le narrateur principal, Le Virginal, en vue d’élaborer un langage symbolique fondé sur l’art, et son herméneutique exprimée par les médias iconiques et verbaux. Parce qu’il s’agit en définitive d’une fictionnalisation personnelle et non d’une structure fonctionnelle symbolique, le système s’effondre. Le Virginal tombe littérairement le masque : la langue de Grainville se construit sur et par la destruction du langage symbolique, laquelle lui fait prendre toute son ampleur et affirmer son autonomie à l’herméneutique attendue. La plume de Grainville, son écriture « différentielle », l’emporte sur l’oeil fortement sexué que Le Virginal pose sur le monde.Le Virginal, the main narrator in Patrick Grainville’s L’Atelier du peintre theorizes about the creative act (poiesis) in order to create a symbolic language grounded in arts and hermeneutics as expressed by iconic and verbal media. Ultimately, this leads to personal fictionalization and not a working symbolic structure, with the result that his system collapses. As Grainville’s style rests on the destruction of symbolic language, it becomes autonomous of the hermeneutics expected by the reader. In the end, Grainville’s “differential” writing prevails over Le Virginal’s sexual outlook on the world

Les vagabondages de Gérald Leblanc en terre poétique

Dans chaque recueil poétique (Les matins habitables,Je n’en connais pas la fin, Le plus clair du temps et Techgnose, par exemple) et dans sa prose romanesque (Moncton mantra), Gérald Leblanc marque de sa présence désirante et jouissante les territoires géographiques, réels ou imaginaires. Ce sont des vagabondages en terre poétique, rythmés par des intertextes qui exsudent la corporalité de la langue (française et anglaise). Ce sont autant de compagnons de route nommés Arthur Rimbaud, dont Leblanc emprunte les semelles de vent pour aller grand-erre avec Jack Kerouac, Bob Dylan ou Tim Buckley, dont les répertoires servent de cadre à des poèmes nourris par ailleurs de jazz et teintés de spiritualité bouddhique. Les intertextes, nombreux et variés, font partie d’un voyage fulgurant. À bord des « textes-taxis », selon l’expression de Leblanc, le paysage, essentiellement urbain, se recompose sans cesse pour engendrer une succession ininterrompue d’inouïssances. Seul demeure le bleu – couleur, note, etc. – qui fonctionne comme un invariant dans ce paysage toujours à naître et une terre acadienne à rêver.In both his poetry (Les matins habitables,Je n’en connais pas la fin, Le plus clair du temps, Techgnose) and fiction (Moncton mantra), Gérald Leblanc made his imprint on the territories, real and imaginary, that he went through. A wanderer in poetic ground, his works are punctuated by various forms of intertextuality, all of which radiate the physical dimension of language, French and English. On his travels, his imaginary companions are Arthur Rimbaud, whose “soles of wind” he borrowed to go roaming high and low, Jack Kerouac, Bob Dylan and Tim Buckley. Their songs provide a framework for Leblanc’s poems, also nurtured by jazz and tinged with Buddhist spirituality. The numerous intertexts being re-organized are all part of a voyage where images and references collide. In his textes-taxis, to quote his own phrase, cityscapes are perpetually being re-organized setting off a continuous series of inouïssances. The color blue, which is both visual and acoustic when the blue note is mentioned, is the only element that never changes in Leblanc’s inchoate landscapes and his dreamed-of Acadian land

Correlação entre a avaliação motora do MDS-UPDRS e o movimento rítmico em indivíduos acometidos pela doença de Parkinson

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Educação Física, 2015.Dentre os sintomas motores da doença de Parkinson, a bradicinesia é o sintoma que define o diagnóstico da doença. Diante disso, os métodos de avaliação motora para os pacientes com doença de Parkinson têm como base a identificaçã e caracterização da bradicinesia. A escala do MDS-UPDRS é o instrumento validado mais preciso para a avaliação dos sintomas motores, porém, ainda é um método subjetivo de avaliação. Portanto, a literatura não aponta qual é o melhor método de avaliação motora, que seja preciso, quantitativo e de simples aplicação. Assim, o finger tapping um teste é indicado para a identificação dos sintomas motores por meio da avaliação cinemática do movimento sequencial rítmico. Pata tentar elucidar esse problema, esse estudo teve o propósito de verificar a correlação existente entre a avaliação motora do MDS-UPDRS e o movimento sequencial rítmicos nos períodos ON e OFF da medicação, a partir da proposição do desenvolvimento de um equipamento que possibilite a avaliação motora para identificação e caracterização das alterações motoras precoces da doença de Parkinson. Foram avaliados 37 indivíduos com diagnóstico de doença de Parkinson e sob tratamento medicamentoso dopaminérgico. Os participantes foram submetidos a duas avaliações, uma no período ON e outra no período OFF, e em cada avalição foram feitas a avaliação motora e a avaliação do movimento sequencial pelo finger tapping test adaptado (FTT) executado unilateralmente em uma tarefa motora simples e sem estimulo sensorial externo. As amplitudes e frequências obtidas pelo FTT foram correlacionadas com o valor total da avaliação motora e a subescala de bradicinesia do MDS-UPDRS. As correlações revelaram que as amplitudes são indicadores melhores da bradicinesia (p ≤ 0,05) do que as frequências, sendo que houve correlação significante das amplitudes com o nível de severidade da doença (p ≤ 0,05) e com a subescala de bradicinesia (p ≤ 0,05) do MDS-UPDRS. Foi observado que as amplitudes diminuem a medida em que a bradicinesia aumenta e a doença progride, observando-se que a avaliação motora é mais precisa e fidedigna quando é realizada no período OFF da medicação. O movimento sequencial rítmico executado no ritmo mais confortável tem relação significante com a avaliação motora do MDS-UPDRS, porém, o movimento executado no ritmo mais rápido possível é mais indicado para a avaliação e caracterização da bradicinesia (p ≤ 0,01), como mostram os resultados que indicam correlação significante entre a amplitude da mão direita no rítmo mais rápido possível e a avaliação motora (r = -0,600; p = 0,0001), e entre essa amplitude e a subescala de bradicinesia (r = 0,509; p = 0,001). Também há correlação significante entre a amplitude mão esquerda no rtmo mais rápido possível e a avaliação motora (r = 0,533; p = 0,0001), e entre essa amplitude e a subescala de bradicinesia (r = 0,461; p = 0,002).Among the motor symptons of Parkinson's disease (PD), bradykinesia is the most defining symptom to diagnosis. Thus, the motor assessment methods for individuals with PD are based on identification and characterization of bradykinesia. The MDS-UPDRS scale is a validated instrument for more accurate evaluation of motor symptoms, however, is still a subjective evaluation method. Therefore, literature does not indicate what is the best motor assessment method that is accurate, quantitative and of simple application. Thereby, the finger tapping is a suitable test for the identification of motor symptoms by the kinematic evaluation of sequential rhythmic movement. In the attempt to clarify this question, the present study aimed to verify the correlation between MDS-UPDRS motor assessment and the sequential rhythmic movements during periods ON and OFF medication, from the proposition of developing a device the enables the evaluation in order to identify and characterize early motor disorders from PD. 37 individuals with PD diagnosis under dopamine treatment were evaluated. Participants passed for two evaluations during periods ON and OFF medication, in each assessment they received motor evaluation and the sequential movement assessment through the adapted finger tapping test (FTT), executed unilaterally in a simple motor task without external sensorial stimulus. Amplitudes and frequencies obtained by the FTT were correlated with motor assessment and the bradykinesia subscale from MDS-UPDRS. The correlation reveal that the amplitudes are better indicators of bradykinesia then the frequencies (p ≤ 0,05), having significant correlation between amplitudes and disease severity (p ≤ 0,05) and bradykinesia subscale from (p ≤ 0,05) MDS-UPDRS. The study found that amplitudes diminish when bradykinesia amplified and the disease advance, observing that motor assessment is more precise and reliable when held on period OFF medication. The rhythmic sequential movement performed in the most comfortable pace has significant relation with the motor evaluation of MDS-UPDRS, however, The movement performed at the fastest rate possible is most suitable for the evaluation and characterization of bradykinesia (p ≤ 0,01), as results indicates significant correlation between the amplitude of the right hand at the fastest possible pace and the motor assessment (r = -0,600; p = 0,0001), and between this amplitude and bradykinesias subscale. There is, also, a significant correlation between the left hand range at the fastest possible pace and the motor assessment (r = 0,533; p = 0,0001), and between this amplitude and the subscale of bradykinesia (r = 0,461; p = 0,002)

Atividade antioxidante e neuroprotetora dos sucos de laranja Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (Bahia e Cara Cara) no modelo Caenorhabditis elegans

The orange juice, Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck is considered an excellent food source of several bioactive compounds with properties beneficial to human health due to its high content of flavonoids, carotenoids, sugars, minerals and fibers. Some epidemiological and interventional studies have provided evidence to support the inverse correlation between orange juice consumption and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this study, we used two naturally enriched oranges, originated through spontaneous mutation, called Bahia and Cara Cara. These oranges are high in vitamin C and flavonoids; however, Cara Cara orange is distinguished by being rich in carotenoids (phytoene, phytofluene, lycopene and βcarotene). Considering that oxidative damage and increased neuroinflammation is critically related to pathogenesis and neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases, the neuroprotective effect of some components of orange has been of specific interest in the search for effective treatments for these diseases. However, there is still a lack of in vivo studies to show the therapeutic effects of orange juice in its full and complete form, since its compounds have already been shown to have positive antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. In this context, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans which is a widely established model organism for animal behavior, physiology and genetics studies. The objective of this work was to evaluate and compare the antioxidant, neuroprotective and physiological changes related to the aging of the treatment with the pasteurized orange juices Bahia and Cara Cara in the C. elegans model. To perform the experiments, the animals were synchronized in the L1 larval stage and treated at 20 ºC in petri dishes with solid nematode growth medium (NGM), with different concentrations of Bahia or Cara Cara orange juices, seeded with Escherichia coli OP50 or E. coli HT115. The treatment with orange juice provided positive antioxidant effects in C. elegans, such as reduction in endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased survival under standard and oxidative stress conditions, and increased expression of antioxidant reporter genes - glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gcs-1), glutathione-S-transferase (gst-4) and superoxide dismutase (sod-3) and hsp-16.2 chaperonin. Regarding the neuroprotective effects, it was observed that the orange treatment delays the profile of paralysis induced by the superexpression of the Aβ1-42 peptide in the muscle of the C. elegans model for Alzheimer's disease and decreases the polyglutamine aggregation in the C. elegans model for Huntington's disease. To investigate whether stress response signaling pathways would play an important role in juice effects, ERO quantification, oxidative stress resistance, gst-4::GFP expression, paralysis, and longevity in animals with knockdown were performed. the transcription factors SKN-1, DAF-16 and HSF-1 through interference RNA (RNAi). The results showed that the effects provided by the treatment with Bahia and Cara Cara orange juices were mainly dependent on the SKN-1 and DAF-16 transcription factors, especially SKN-1. In relation to physiological changes related to aging, the treatment increased the life span, the body movements and the rate of pharyngeal beats. We concluded that orange juice treatments provided excellent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects and was able to improve physiological parameters related to aging, which are strongly involved in the quality of life of C. elegans with emphasis on Cara Cara orange juice induced significantly better responses, possibly due to the higher carotenoid content.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)O suco de laranja Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck é considerado uma excelente fonte alimentar de vários compostos bioativos com propriedades benéficas para a saúde humana devido ao seu alto teor de flavonoides, carotenoides, açúcares, minerais e fibras. Alguns estudos epidemiológicos e de intervenção forneceram evidências para apoiar a correlação inversa entre o consumo de suco de laranja e a ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares e câncer. Neste estudo, utilizamos duas variedades de laranjas, naturalmente enriquecidas, originadas através de mutação espontânea, denominadas Bahia e Cara Cara. Essas laranjas possuem alto teor de vitamina C e flavonoides, no entanto, a laranja Cara Cara se diferencia por também ser rica em carotenoides (fitoeno, fitoflueno, licopeno e βcaroteno). Considerando que o dano oxidativo e o aumento da neuroinflamação estão criticamente relacionados com a patogênese e a perda neuronal em doenças neurodegenerativas, o efeito neuroprotetor de alguns componentes da laranja tem sido de interesse específico na busca de tratamentos eficazes para essas doenças. Contudo, ainda existe carência de estudos in vivo para mostrar os efeitos terapêuticos do suco de laranja em sua forma integral e completa, tendo em vista que de forma isolada seus compostos já demostraram possuir efeitos antioxidantes e neuroprotetores positivos. Nesse contexto, utilizamos o nematodo Caenorhabditis elegans que é um organismo modelo amplamente estabelecido para estudos de comportamento, fisiologia e genética animal. Este trabalho teve com objetivo avaliar e comparar os efeitos antioxidantes, neuroprotetores e as alterações fisiológicas relacionadas ao envelhecimento do tratamento com os sucos de laranja pasteurizados Bahia e Cara Cara no modelo C. elegans. Para a realização dos experimentos, os animais foram sincronizados no estágio larval L1 e tratados a 20 ºC em placas de Petri com meio de crescimento sólido nematoide (NGM), com diferentes concentrações de suco de laranja Bahia ou Cara Cara, semeados com Escherichia coli OP50 ou E. coli HT115. O tratamento com os sucos de laranja proporcionou efeitos antioxidantes positivos no C. elegans como: redução nos níveis endógenos de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO), aumento da sobrevivência em condições padrão e de estresse oxidativo e aumento na expressão dos genes repórteres antioxidantes - glutamil cisteína sintetase (gcs-1), glutationa-S-transferase (gst-4) e superóxido dismutase (sod-3) e da chaperonina hsp-16.2. Em relação aos efeitos neuroprotetores, foi observado que o tratamento com laranja retarda o perfil de paralisia induzido pela super-expressão do peptídeo A1- 42 no músculo do modelo C. elegans para o Mal de Alzheimer e diminui a agregação poliglutamínica no modelo C. elegans para a doença de Huntington. Para investigar se as vias de sinalização de resposta ao estresse desempenhariam um papel importante nos efeitos dos sucos, foram realizados ensaios de quantificação de ERO, resistência ao estresse oxidativo, expressão de gst4::GFP, paralisia e longevidade em animais com knockdown para os fatores de transcrição SKN-1, DAF-16 e HSF-1 através de RNA de interferência (RNAi). Os resultados mostraram que os efeitos proporcionados pelo tratamento com os sucos de laranja Bahia e Cara Cara foram dependentes principalmente dos fatores de transcrição SKN-1 e DAF-16, com destaque para SKN-1. Em relação às alterações fisiológicas relacionadas ao envelhecimento, o tratamento aumentou o tempo de vida, os movimentos corporais e a taxa de batimentos faríngeos. Concluimos que os tratamentos com os sucos de laranja proporcionaram excelentes efeitos antioxidantes, neuroprotetores e ainda foram capazes de melhorar parâmetros fisiológicos relacionados ao envelhecimento, que estão fortemente envolvidos na qualidade de vida do C. elegans, com destaque para o suco de laranja Cara Cara que induziu respostas significativamente melhores, possivelmente devido ao maior teor de carotenoides

Associação entre força e sonolência diurna em pessoas com a doença de Parkinson

The aim of this study is to analyze if there is an association between excessive daytime sleepiness with muscle strength in people with Parkinson’s disease. This study is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. A total of 29 individuals with Parkinson’s disease were recruited and classified in one of four stages of the modified Hoehn and Yahr scale. To assess the excessive daytime sleepiness the Epworth Sleepiness scale was used. The muscle strength was assess with handgrip and isokinetic dynamometers. There are non-significant correlation between Epworth Sleepiness scale with muscle strength, p < 0.05 and rho < 0.3. The muscle strength assessed by handgrip and isokinetic dynamometers does not associated with excessive daytime sleepiness assessed by Epworth Sleepiness scale.O objetivo do presente estudo é verificar se existe associação entre a sonolência diurna excessiva com a força muscular em pessoas com a doença de Parkinson. Este é um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Um total de 29 indivíduos com a doença de Parkinson foram recrutados e classificados em uma das quatro categorias da escala de Hoehn and Yahr modificada. Para avaliar a sonolência diurna excessiva  a escala de sonolência de Epworth foi utilizada. A força muscular foi avaliada por meio dos dinamômetros de preensão palmar e isocinético. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre a escala de sonolência de Epworth com a força muscular p < 0.05 and rho < 0.3. A força muscular avaliada pelos dinamômetros de preensão palmar e isocinético não se associaram com a sonolência diurna excessiva avaliada pela escala de sonolência de Epworth

Local and regional components of aerosol in a heavily trafficked street canyon in central London derived from PMF and cluster analysis of single-particle ATOFMS spectra.

Positive matrix factorization (PMF) has been applied to single particle ATOFMS spectra collected on a six lane heavily trafficked road in central London (Marylebone Road), which well represents an urban street canyon. PMF analysis successfully extracted 11 factors from mass spectra of about 700,000 particles as a complement to information on particle types (from K-means cluster analysis). The factors were associated with specific sources and represent the contribution of different traffic related components (i.e., lubricating oils, fresh elemental carbon, organonitrogen and aromatic compounds), secondary aerosol locally produced (i.e., nitrate, oxidized organic aerosol and oxidized organonitrogen compounds), urban background together with regional transport (aged elemental carbon and ammonium) and fresh sea spray. An important result from this study is the evidence that rapid chemical processes occur in the street canyon with production of secondary particles from road traffic emissions. These locally generated particles, together with aging processes, dramatically affected aerosol composition producing internally mixed particles. These processes may become important with stagnant air conditions and in countries where gasoline vehicles are predominant and need to be considered when quantifying the impact of traffic emissions.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available via ACS at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es506249z

Cannabidiol in the treatment of migraine: studies and future perspectives

Introduction: Migraine is one of the most disabling and prevalent conditions in the population. Is related to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in the central nervous system, triggering painful episodes. Cannabidiol (CBD) has significant potential to inhibit such pro-inflammatory mediators and consequently reduce pain symptoms. Objective: To describe the progression of a patient diagnosed with refractory migraine, analyzing the relationship between CBD use and symptom improvement. Case Report: A 37-year-old female patient from Teresina has been patient with refractory migraine for 1 year. She has experienced headaches since the age of 11, with sporadic episodes that improved with dipyrone use. There was an increase in frequency, occurring three times a week, with improvement after using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. She was undergoing psychiatric treatment, using benzodiazepine and antipsychotic. A year ago, she consulted a neurologist, complaining of a headache lasting 38 days, with a pain score of 8/10 VAS, refractory to NSAIDs, with throbbing pain in the occipital region radiating to the cervical area, associated with photophobia, phonophobia, and aura, which worsened with physical exertion and stress. She was treated with topiramate, oral corticosteroids, and beta-blockers for control, and triptan for acute relief. Due to the lack of response to initial treatment, she used anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant, along with lifestyle changes. However, with the persistence of pain, anticonvulsant and antipsychotic were added to her regimen alongside topiramate. Given the inefficacy in pain control, treatment with progressive doses of cannabidiol was initiated at 20 mg/day, with an increase of 25 mg/week, along with continuous anticonvulsant use. There was an improvement in the headache with symptom resolution by the fourth week. Currently, she uses 1 mL/day (50 mg/mL) of CBD, reporting one episode of headache (VAS 6/10) after a month of CBD use, relieved with triptan. Conclusion:The diagnosis and treatment of migraine should be individualized for each patient. In this context, the therapeutic use of cannabidiol for treatment-refractory migraine cases is a recent alternative in the scientific literature, requiring further studies to be effectively understood and established as a potential approach for a broad spectrum of disease manifestations.