A Study of the Pantheon Through Time

I analyze the Pantheon, one of the most well-preserved buildings from antiquity, through time. I start with Agrippa\u27s Pantheon, the original Pantheon that is no longer standing, which was built in 27 or 25 BC. What did it look like originally under Augustus? Why was it built? We then shift to the Pantheon that stands today, Hadrian-Trajan\u27s Pantheon, which was completed around AD 125-128, and represents an example of an architectural revolution. Was it even a temple? We also look at the Pantheon\u27s conversion to a church, which helps explain why it is so well preserved. My study aims for an understanding of the Pantheon in context of what it meant for the people of Rome, the empire, and modern day

CEDAW’s Broad Language Contributes to a Lack of Gender Equality Progress in Canada

International treaties and agreements like CEDAW are the subject of a large body of scholarly research on the relevance of these conventions to the behavior of states. A subsection of that research focuses on the language of treaties and how they affect implementation of the goals within the treaties. This paper examines the language of CEDAW and assesses how its broadness has effected gender equality implementation in Canada since their ratification in 1981. The scholarly literature on the language of CEDAW is divided between scholars who argue the language is either too broad and leaves the document up to interpretation by the ratifying states or that the broad language understands intersectionality (the combination of oppressions- race, gender, income, education, disability etc.) and allows for the inclusion of all types of women. This study builds on the research into the language of CEDAW by analyzing cases of murder of aboriginal women, poverty of single mothers, and the general feminization of poverty in Canada and how CEDAW has impacted the way Canada has addressed these issues. This study finds that in all three cases the broad language of CEDAW has been inadequate to addressing women’s needs in Canada. In fact, it has allowed the Canadian government to avoid its treaty obligations to women while claiming compliance without actually doing anything

Recap: \u3cem\u3eState of Montana v. James Morris Colburn\u3c/em\u3e; When the Sole Defense is Precluded by Montana’s Rape Shield Law

Did application of Montana’s rape shield law, excluding evidence of the victim’s motive to fabricate and source of sexual knowledge, violate the Defendant’s constitutional right to present a complete defense

Lc3i And Lc3ii As Autophagy Markers For The Development And Improvement Of Products And Techniques Used In Research

Abstract LC3I and LC3II as Autphagy Markers for the Development and Improvement of Products and Techniques used in Research By Caitlin J. Williams May 2013 Advisor: Dr. Robert Akins Major: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Degree: Master of Science Autophagy is an intracellular process that functions to maintain homeostasis in the cell by degrading misfolded proteins, old or nonfunctioning organelles, and outside invaders such as bacteria or viruses. This process can be split into three different types, microautophagy, chaperone mediated autophagy and macroautophagy. Macroautophagy is the most commonly studied form and is believed to be regulated by Atg proteins, as well as cargo proteins that bring debris to the autophagosome. Macroautophagy is characterized by 5 steps including initiation, elongation, maturation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion and lysosome degradation. Autophagy has been found to be involved in diseases, such as cancer and neurological disease. LC3I and LC3II function in late stage autophagy before lysosome fusion. The study of a complex process such as autophagy requires the development of tools to enable precise and quantitative research. The ability to produce antibodies to key autophagy proteins, methods of cellular fractionation and fractionated control cell lysates provides product development opportunities for Enzo Life sciences and new research tools for researchers. To support these needs, methods of cell fractionation were developed along with antibodies specific to LC3I and LC3II. Cell fractionation methods were optimized to enable separation of LC3I and LC3II. The optimized methods were shown to be effective on multiple cell lines with the use of western blotting. Due to the difficulty in achieving stable hybridomas monoclonal 39 antibodies that bind both LC3I and LC3II haven\u27t been identified. The LC3II antibody development failed to produce antibodies in western blotting. Efforts are ongoing to identify stable hybridomas producing antibodies to LC3. The antibodies should recognize both LC3I and II. Combining the use of these antibodies with fractionated cell lysate methodology should allow quantitative detection of LC3II by ELISA. Such a tool will be an important tool for autophagy researchers

\u3cem\u3eIn re Conservatorship of Minor Children\u3c/em\u3e: When Dad is the Defendant, Who Gets to Parent?

The right of a parent to raise his child is fundamental, and courts are reluctant to impede on that right when determining the best interests of a child. In In re Conservatorship of Minor Children, the Montana Supreme Court was faced with deciding whether to appoint a guardian ad litem on behalf of three children for the purpose of potentially pursuing litigation against their father

Exploring the experiences of lesbian couples using fertility services

This qualitative study explores the experience of lesbian couples that have used, are using, or attempted to use fertility services since 2003. Thirty-three self identified lesbian women who were in a lesbian relationship at the time of using fertility services participated in the study by completing an online survey consisting of primarily open ended questions. Demographic information such as age and race were asked about both member of the couple.. Findings were analyzed using content analysis. Participant narratives revealed the complexities, challenges, successes, supports relied upon and obstacles encountered when using fertility services; as well as the strength and resiliency of lesbian couples. The findings illustrate the need for gay friendly fertility service providers and resources. The major findings revealed that the process of using fertility services for lesbian couples involves multiple decisions prior to accessing fertility services, lesbian couples have varied experiences at fertility clinics and working with providers, there are obstacles when approaching and/or using fertility clinics, there are supports that are needed, the experience impacts the couples relationship, and some lesbian couples experience instances of discrimination and heterosexism. Findings not found in the literature included obstacles in using a known donor and evidence of heterosexist practices within insurance and medical policy\u27s, family law, paper work, and in interactions with providers at clinics

Investigating TGF-β1 and Fibronectin Signaling in Low Oxygen Environments

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women, second to lung cancer. It’s one of the most well-known cancers, with almost 300,000 new cases estimated to be diagnosed in 2023. Breast cancer often begins in ductal epithelial cells, and these cells will typically undergo a cellular transformation process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in early stages. Breast cancer becomes deadly when it reaches a metastatic stage. As a part of the metastatic process, transformed cells will conduct remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to allow for migration of an otherwise non-migratory cell type. As dense tumors form, regions of low oxygen, or hypoxia, will begin to develop. In hypoxia, cells will undergo anaerobic respiration, creating lactic acid as a byproduct. Buildup of lactic acid in the environment leads to a decrease in extracellular pH. The lack of oxygen and decrease of extracellular pH facilitate cellular transformation, further encouraging cellular migration. This work aims to better understand the role of changes in extracellular pH and low oxygen environments on EMT, and to further investigate the role of TGF-β1 signaling and fibronectin assembly on cellular transformation in low O2. We cultured cells in acidic environments in normoxia to investigate the role pH may play in hypoxia induced EMT. Cells were also cultured in hypoxia and treated with FUD or TGFB1 gene knockout, and we found that inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling or FN assembly can mitigate EMT in hypoxia. This work could provide insight into preventative treatment against cellular transformation

Obstetric violence: a Latin American legal response to mistreatment during childbirth

Over the last several years, a new legal construct has emerged in Latin America that encompasses elements of quality of obstetric care and mistreatment of women during childbirth - both issues of global maternal health import. Termed "obstetric violence," this legal construct refers to disrespectful and abusive treatment that women may experience from health care providers during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, as well as other elements of poor quality care, such as failure to adhere to evidence-based best practices. This new legal term emerged out of concerted efforts by women's groups and networks, feminists, professional organizations, international and regional bodies, and public health agents and researchers to improve the quality of care that women receive across the region.Fil: Williams, Caitlin R.. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Jerez, Celeste. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; ArgentinaFil: Klein, Karen. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Correa, Malena. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Belizan, Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Cormick, Gabriela. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. University of Cape Town; Sudáfric

China's Belt and Road Initiative and the emerging geographies of global urbanisation

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is heralded as the largest investment in infrastructure in history and is expected to re‐shape the geographies of urbanization in the coming decades. In this paper we review the burgeoning, yet still embryonic literature on the BRI. Our aim is to move beyond currently dominant framings of the BRI as a geopolitical or economic strategy that tend to overlook the complex embeddedness of infrastructure. Drawing on theories of planetary urbanization, we argue that the BRI constitutes a form of urbanization that is bound up with the socio‐spatial and ecological restructuring of global capitalism. We illustrate this by mapping and analysing energy projects under the BRI. Overall, we outline a research agenda on the BRI that calls for: 1) a more nuanced analysis of its spatial and scalar politics; 2) approaching the BRI as a distinctly urban question; and 3) a disruption of the dominant China‐centric discussions through critical in‐depth case‐study analysis