COVID-19 post-vaccination in healthcare workers and vaccine effectiveness, Brazil, 2021

Objects: This study aimed to describe COVID-19 cases in healthcare workers at a large tertiary hospital, after a vaccination campaign, to understand the individual characteristics, timeliness, symptomatology, and severity of the conditions. Methods: The COVID-19 reporting files from the hospital's healthcare workers and their records in the vaccine registry were analyzed, regarding vaccination status, symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes. Vaccination descriptive analysis was carried out and the impact and effectiveness of vaccination in relation to symptomatic infection and hospitalization were estimated. Results: In a total of 696 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients, vaccination coverage for the 1st and 2nd dose was 92.8% and 85.5%. Patients with complete doses had a mean interval of 96.8 days between vaccination and the onset of symptoms. Of the 664 participants with available clinical data, 165 had at least 1 comorbidity. During the study, 12 patients were hospitalized, 58.3% with a complete vaccination schedule. Three of this group died. The effectiveness of vaccination for symptomatic cases and hospitalization was 22.1% and 69.0%, respectively. The impact of vaccination on symptomatic cases and hospitalization was 81.4% and 89.7%, respectively. Discussion: The majority of COVID-19 cases in the study were classified as mild. The impact of vaccination for confirmed cases was significant, both in reducing the incidence of symptomatic cases and hospitalizations. The presence of comorbidities in approximately ¼ of the patients increased the risk of these individuals. The mean time interval between diagnosis and the 2nd dose of vaccine was longer in the hospitalized group, reinforcing the protective decline over longer periods

LUZ, CÂMERA, HISTÓRIA

Através da linguagem cinematográfica e com foco na disciplina de História, o projeto tem como objetivo principal produzir materiais e ferramentas diversas que auxiliem os professores e alunos do ensino médio (bem como o público em geral), na compreensão de temas e processos históricos. De tal modo, busca-se disponibilizar formas para o trabalho e aprendizado com filmes, seja em sala de aula, pelo professor, ou mesmo o aluno, ao pesquisar determinado tema histórico. Para tal desenvolver-se-á um site onde conterá atividades e materiais diversos como (atividades, roteiros de análise, sinopses, análises de críticas cinematográficas etc.). Entende-se o filme enquanto um recurso de ensino, mas acima de tudo uma forma de escrita fílmica da história, pois traz diferentes elementos e representações dos que por vezes estão presentes nos livros didáticos. Por fim, o objetivo principal para a realização desse projeto é interagir com o aprendizado da matéria de várias formas, além de explorar diversas fontes e materiais

Caracterização da violência sofrida por mulheres da zona rural de um Estado Brasileiro

Violence is present in many realities and social groups. Therefore, this study seeks to characterize violence against women living in rural Minas Gerais.  A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted, with secondary data recorded by the Notification Disease Information System (SINAN) from 2008 to 2017. In 2015, it was the year with the highest number of reports of violence against women between 25 and 39 years old (47.8%), black (56.92%) and less educated (40.43%). The victims were assaulted mainly on the face (31.5%), where the aggressor was male (70.41%), and violence was committed at the victim's own residence (81%), without the use of a firearm. In addition, 45% of women reported that violence was recurrent and that in 39% of cases the aggressor used alcohol before the aggression. Most cases of violence against rural residents were psychological and / or moral.A violência está presente em muitas realidades e grupos sociais. Por isso, este estudo busca caracterizar a violência contra as mulheres moradoras de zona rural de Minas Gerais. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, com dados secundários registrados pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) de 2008 a 2017. Em 2015 foi o ano com o maior número de notificações de violência contra mulheres entre 25 e 39 anos (47,8%), negras (56,92%) e menos escolarizadas (40,43%). As vítimas foram agredidas principalmente na face (31,5%), o agressor era do sexo masculino (70,41%), e a violência foi praticada na residência da própria vítima (81%), sem o uso de arma de fogo. Além disso, 45% das mulheres relataram que a violência era recorrente e que em 39% dos casos o agressor fazia uso de álcool antes da agressão. A maioria dos casos de violência contra moradoras rurais foi psicológica e/ou moral

Lower production of IL-17A and increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium bovis in mice coinfected with Strongyloides venezuelensis

The presence of intestinal helminths can down-regulate the immune response required to control mycobacterial infection. BALB/c mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis following an infection with the intestinal helminth Strongyloides venezuelensis showed reduced interleukin-17A production by lung cells and increased bacterial burden. Also, small granulomas and a high accumulation of cells expressing the inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 were observed in the lung. These data suggest that intestinal helminth infection could have a detrimental effect on the control of tuberculosis (TB) and render coinfected individuals more susceptible to the development of TB

Ozônioterapia como tratamento auxiliar em paciente com comorbidades com periodontite localizada aguda: relato de caso

Introduction: The use of adjunctive therapies to the treatment of PD has shown significant improvement in cases, with ozone therapy (OT) being one of them. In the literature, OT has been used as an antimicrobial, immunomodulator, analgesic, tissue repair and anti-inflammatory.Objective: It aims to report a case of stage II periodontitis with exacerbation condition treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy associated with ozone therapy. Case Report: Male patient, 70 years old, type II diabetic and hypertensive, with both comorbidities controlled, attended the clinic specializing in periodontics of a college complaining about a purulent secretion that occurred recurrently in the upper and lower regions. Clinical examination revealed the presence of biofilm and dental calculus in both arches, absence of dental elements, grade III tooth mobility in elements 33, 43 and 44 and periodontal pockets with a depth greater than 10 mm and purulent secretion in elements 13, 14, 15 and 16. After medical clearance, treatment started with irrigation of ozonated water with a concentration of 60% in the suppuration areas and application of ozonized gel with a concentration of 10% for 7 days, followed by 2 sessions of non-surgical scaling and irrigation of ozonated water with a concentration of 60% in the areas of periodontal pockets, however, due to the non-reduction of probing depth in elements 13, 14, 15 and 16 open field scraping and irrigation of ozonated water were proposed. to 60% for decontamination of the regions. Conclusion: It is concluded that OT presented a positive result as an adjuvant therapy in the improvement of the patient's acute condition, however, it should be noted that conventional periodontal treatment and hygiene are not replaced by OT, but rather the combination of the three techniques.Introducción: El uso de terapias coadyuvantes al tratamiento de la EP ha mostrado una mejoría significativa en los casos, siendo la ozonoterapia (OT) una de ellas. En la literatura, la OT se ha utilizado como antimicrobiano, inmunomodulador, analgésico, reparador de tejidos y antiinflamatorio. Objetivo: Tiene como objetivo reportar un caso de periodontitis estadio II con cuadro de exacerbación tratado con terapia periodontal no quirúrgica asociada a ozonoterapia. Caso Clínico: Paciente masculino, de 70 años, diabético tipo II e hipertenso, con ambas comorbilidades controladas, acude a la consulta de la especialidad de periodoncia de un colegio refiriendo secreción purulenta que se presentaba recurrentemente en regiones superiores e inferiores. El examen clínico reveló presencia de biopelícula y cálculo dental en ambas arcadas, ausencia de elementos dentarios, movilidad dentaria grado III en los elementos 33, 43 y 44 y bolsas periodontales con profundidad mayor a 10 mm y secreción purulenta en los elementos 13, 14, 15 y 16. Previa autorización médica, se inició tratamiento con irrigación de agua ozonizada con una concentración del 60% en las zonas supurativas y aplicación de gel ozonizado con una concentración del 10% durante 7 días, seguido de 2 sesiones de descamación periodontal no quirúrgica y riego de agua ozonizada con una concentración del 60% en las zonas de bolsas periodontales, sin embargo, debido a la no reducción de la profundidad de sondaje en los elementos 13, 14, 15 y 16, se optó por el raspado a campo abierto y el riego de agua ozonizada al 60%. propuesto para la descontaminación de las regiones. Conclusión: Se concluye que la TO presentó un resultado positivo como terapia adyuvante en la mejoría del estado agudo del paciente, sin embargo, cabe señalar que el tratamiento periodontal convencional y la higiene no se sustituyen por la TO, sino por la combinación de las tres técnicas. .Introdução: A utilização de terapias coadjuvantes ao tratamento da DP vem apresentando significativa melhora nos casos, sendo a ozônioterapia (OT) uma delas. Na literatura a OT tem sido utilizada como antimicrobiano, imunomodulador, analgésico, reparador tecidual e anti-inflamatório.Objetivo: Tem como objetivo relatar um caso de periodontite estágio II com quadro de agudização tratado com terapia periodontal não cirúrgica associada com ozônioterapia. Relato de Caso: Paciente gênero masculino, 70 anos, diabético tipo II e hipertenso, sendo comorbidades ambas controladas compareceu a clínica de especialização em periodontia de uma faculdade queixando-se sobre uma secreção purulenta que ocorria de forma recorrente nas regiões superior e inferior. Ao exame clínico verificou-se a presença de biofilme e cálculos dentários em ambas arcadas, ausência de elementos dentários, mobilidade dentária grau III nos elementos 33, 43 e 44 e bolsas periodontais com profundidade acima de 10mm e secreção purulenta nos elementos 13, 14, 15 e 16. Após liberação médica, tratamento iniciou com irrigação de água ozonizada com concentração de 60% nas áreas de supuração e aplicação de gel ozonizado com concentração de 10% durante 7 dias, em seguida 2 sessões de raspagem não cirúrgica periodontal e irrigação de água ozonizada com concentração de 60% nas áreas das bolsas periodontais, contudo devido a não redução da profundidade de sondagem nos elementos 13, 14, 15 e 16 foi proposto raspagem em campo aberto e irrigação de água ozonizada à 60% para descontaminação das regiões.Conclusão: Conclui-se que a OT apresentou um resultado positivo como terapia coadjuvante na melhora do quadro agudo do paciente, contudo deve-se salientar a não substituição do tratamento periodontal convencional e higienização pela OT e sim a junção das três técnicas

Hexapoda Yearbook (Arthropoda: Mandibulata: Pancrustacea) Brazil 2020: the first annual production survey of new Brazilian species

This paper provided a list of all new Brazilian Hexapoda species described in 2020. Furthermore, based on the information extracted by this list, we tackled additional questions regarding the taxa, the specialists involved in the species descriptions as well as the journals in which those papers have been published. We recorded a total of 680 new Brazilian species of Hexapoda described in 2020, classified in 245 genera, 112 families and 18 orders. These 680 species were published in a total of 219 articles comprising 423 different authors residing in 27 countries. Only 30% of these authors are women, which demonstrates an inequality regarding sexes. In relation to the number of authors by species, the majority of the new species had two authors and the maximum of authors by species was five. We also found inequalities in the production of described species regarding the regions of Brazil, with Southeast and South leading. The top 10 institutions regarding productions of new species have four in the Southeast, two at South and with one ate North Region being the outlier of this pattern. Out of the total 219 published articles, Zootaxa dominated with 322 described species in 95 articles. The average impact factor was of 1.4 with only seven articles being published in Impact Factors above 3, indicating a hardship on publishing taxonomic articles in high-impact journals.The highlight of this paper is that it is unprecedent, as no annual record of Hexapoda species described was ever made in previous years to Brazil.Fil: Silva Neto, Alberto Moreira. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Lopes Falaschi, Rafaela. Universidade Estadual do Ponta Grossa; BrasilFil: Zacca, Thamara. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; BrasilFil: Hipólito, Juliana. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: Costa Lima Pequeno, Pedro Aurélio. Universidade Federal de Roraima; BrasilFil: Alves Oliveira, João Rafael. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Oliveira Dos Santos, Roberto. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Jacobina, Adaiane Catarina Marcondes. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Somavilla, Alexandre. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Camargo, Alexssandro. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: de Oliveira Lira, Aline. Universidad Federal Rural Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Sampaio, Aline Amanda. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: da Silva Ferreira, André. Universidad Federal Rural Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Martins, André Luis. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Figueiredo de Oliveira, Andressa. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; BrasilFil: Gonçalves da Silva Wengrat , Ana Paula. Universidade do Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz; BrasilFil: Batista Rosa, Augusto Henrique. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Dias Corrêa, Caio Cezar. Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro. Museu Nacional; BrasilFil: Costa De-Souza, Caroline. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi; BrasilFil: Anjos Dos Santos, Danielle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; ArgentinaFil: Pacheco Cordeiro, Danilo. Instituto Nacional Da Mata Atlantica; BrasilFil: Silva Nogueira, David. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Almeida Marques, Dayse Willkenia. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Nunes Barbosa, Diego. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Mello Mendes, Diego Matheus. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá; BrasilFil: Galvão de Pádua, Diego. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Silva Vilela, Diogo. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Gomes Viegas, Eduarda Fernanda. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; BrasilFil: Carneiro dos Santos, Eduardo. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Rodrigues Fernandes, Daniell Rodrigo. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Brasi

Uma capitania dos novos tempos: economia, sociedade e política na São Paulo restaurada (1765-1822)

O artigo reflete sobre a trajetória da Capitania de São Paulo, a partir de 1750, apontando sua transformação, de fronteira e "boca do sertão", para território estratégico da conquista e defesa das partes meridionais e área economicamente integrada aos circuitos mercantis atlânticos.In this article, we reflect upon the history of the Captaincy of São Paulo as from 1750, drawing attention to its transformation from frontier land and "door to the backcountry" into a territory of strategic value for the purposes of conquest and defense of the southern regions, and economically integrated into the Atlantic trade routes

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ