Aspectos silviculturais e do manejo de pragas aplicado em dez viveiros florestais no Brasil

The success of a forestry enterprise depends, among other factors, on the good quality of the seedlings used in forest plantations. Poor quality seedlings, attacked by insects or affected by diseases, become more susceptible to biotic and abiotic factors in the environment when transplanted to the field. The bibliography on insect pests in forest nurseries is incomplete and often does not reflect the reality of different regions of Brazil and their specificities. Thus, the present study aims to raise aspects related to the management of insect pests currently adopted in forest nurseries in Brazil. For this, a survey of forest nurseries in the country was carried out, followed by a qualitative-quantitative evaluation of insect pest management. Thus, as a research instrument, a pre-established semi-open questionnaire was developed, composed of a mix of closed and open questions. With the data collected by the objective questions (closed questions), a descriptive analysis of the data was carried out, working the absolute values and percentages. Based on the answers to the subjective questions (open questions), content analysis and semantic analysis were performed. With the observed results, it was verified that 80% of these nurseries have a technical manager and registration with Renasem, with 80% of the technicians being agronomists and forestry engineers, 50% having sowing on the ground, 40% raised beds and 30% producing native or exotic or both. Difficulty in collecting and germinating seeds was reported, most produce their own substrate, 40% of nurseries are unaware of monitoring methods and 30% do not use any, with chemical and biological controls being the most used. Of those in charge, 70% do not know how to recognize the insect and 30% claim lack of knowledge. However, it is necessary an adequate management and the use of alternative controls to avoid the use of chemical products, conducive to maintaining the natural enemies, use other more efficient forms of monitoring and seek training for professionals in the area so that insects can be identified, in order to make the best decision in controlling these pests.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)O sucesso de um empreendimento florestal, depende, entre outros fatores, da boa qualidade das mudas empregadas nos plantios florestais. Mudas de má qualidade, atacadas por insetos e ácaros ou acometidas por doenças, se tornam mais suscetíveis aos fatores bióticos e abióticos do ambiente, quando transplantadas para o campo. A bibliografia sobre pragas em viveiros florestais é incompleta e, muitas vezes, não reflete a realidade das diversas regiões do Brasil e suas especificidades. Assim, o presente estudo tem por objetivo levantar aspectos gerais e relacionados ao manejo de pragas adotado atualmente em viveiros florestais no Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento dos viveiros florestais no país, seguida de uma avaliação quali-quantitativa do manejo de pragas. Assim, como instrumento de pesquisa foi elaborado um questionário préestabelecido, do tipo semiaberto, composto por um misto de questões fechadas e abertas. Com os dados levantados pelas questões objetivas (questões fechadas), foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, trabalhando os valores absolutos e percentuais. A partir das respostas das questões subjetivas (questões abertas), foi realizada análise do conteúdo e análise semântica. Com os resultados observados verificou que 80% desses viveiros possui responsável técnico e inscrição no Registro Nacional de Sementes e Mudas (Renasem), sendo que 80% dos técnicos são engenheiros agrônomos e florestais, 50% possuem sementeiras no chão, 40% canteiros suspensos e 30% produzem espécies nativas ou exóticas ou ambas. Foi relatada a dificuldade de coleta e germinação de sementes, a maioria produz seu próprio substrato, 40% dos viveiros desconhecem métodos de monitoramentos e 30% não utilizam nenhum, sendo os controles mais utilizados o químico e o biológico. Dos responsáveis técnicos, 70% não sabem reconhecer o inseto e 30% alegam falta de conhecimento. Contudo faz necessário um manejo adequado e o uso de controles alternativos para evitar o uso de produtos químicos com isso manter os inimigos naturais, usar outras formas de monitoramentos mais eficientes e buscar treinamentos para os profissionais da área para que se possam identificar os insetos, para assim conseguir tomar a melhor decisão no controle dessas pragas.2022-05-1

Mood disorders in childhood and adolescence

The identification and treatment of mood disorders in children and adolescents has grown over the last decades. Major depression is one of the most common and debilitating disorders worldwide, imposing a massive burden to the youth population. Bipolar disorder is being increasingly recognized as having its roots early in life, and its presentation during childhood and adolescence has been submitted to extensive research. This review aims to highlight clinical aspects of the current knowledge on mood disorders in the pediatric population, presenting updated information on epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, and management strategies. Limitations of available evidence and future directions of research in the field are also discussed.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre Department of PsychiatryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Psychiatry Child and Adolescent Psychiatry UnitUNIFESP, Department of Psychiatry Child and Adolescent Psychiatry UnitSciEL

A empregada doméstica nas telenovelas pela perspectiva racial

Esse artigo pretende problematizar a questão racial da personagem empregada doméstica nas telenovelas brasileiras. Para isso, consideramos duas tramas veiculadas na Globo, Avenida Brasil e A Regra do jogo, ambas do autor João Emanuel Carneiro. Foram analisadas quatro personagens, duas negras e duas brancas, com o objetivo de contrastar suas diferenças e identificar os reflexos do racismo estrutural em suas construções. A metodologia utilizada, semiótica francesa, demonstrou-se frutífera ao permitir a observação do discurso racista no percurso narrativo e nas oposições semânticas básicas das personagens

Barriers to early identification of autism in Brazil

Objective: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) seem to perceive that their child's development is not following the normal pattern as early as the first year of life. However, ASD children may not receive a diagnosis until they are of preschool age, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pathway between initial parental concerns about atypical child development and ASD diagnosis in Brazil. Methods: Nineteen mothers whose children had been diagnosed with ASD participated and were interviewed. The ASD group consisted of two girls and 17 boys, with a mean age of 93.0 months (SD 48.4 monthsrange 39-197 months). Results: Mothers had their first concerns regarding ASD when children were 23.6 +/- 11.6 months old, but formal diagnosis occurred at a mean +/- SD age of 59.6 +/- 40.5 months, corresponding to a 3-year delay. Most mothers felt discouraged to address their concerns due to negative experiences with health professionals. Conclusion: In Brazil, mothers perceived the first signs of ASD in their children at an age similar to that reported in other countries, but the diagnosis of ASD seemed to be delayed. Consistent with the literature, mothers reported negative experiences with health professionals during the pathway to achieving ASD diagnosis.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Psiquiatria, Ambulatorio Cognicao Social Marcos Tomanik Mercad, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Programa Posgrad Disturbios Desenvolvimento, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Psiquiatria, Ambulatorio Cognicao Social Marcos Tomanik Mercad, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

A PARTICIPAÇÃO FEMININA NO PROCESSO CONSTRUTIVO POR MUTIRÃO NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO: JARDIM APUANÃ E PARQUE EUROPA I E II

This research analyzes two housing movements in the city of São Paulo: Jardim Apuanã, in the northern region; and Parque Europa I and II, in the southern region of the city. From the research about these movements, it seeks to question the daily struggle experiences of the women leaders involved in these actions, the forms of appropriation of urban space, real estate speculation and the spatial and social segregation of popular social segments. Through the participants, using the perspective of cultural history and gender analysis category, the collective actions of the women leaders, their strategies of struggle in the movement's base groups, the mobilizations, the occupations of abandoned land in the city center, the mechanisms of mutual organization in associations, the meetings, the coordinations and the types of mutirões (mutual self-help communities).Esta pesquisa analisa dois movimentos de luta por moradia na cidade de São Paulo: no Jardim Apuanã, na região norte; e outro, o Parque Europa I e II na região sul da cidade. A partir da investigação acerca destes movimentos, busca-se questionar as experiências cotidianas de luta das mulheres lideranças envolvidas nessas ações, as formas de apropriação do espaço urbano, a especulação imobiliária e a segregação espacial e social dos segmentos sociais populares. Por meio das participantes, usando a perspectiva da história cultural e categoria de análise de gênero, as ações coletivas das mulheres lideranças, suas estratégias de luta nos grupos de base do movimento, as mobilizações, as ocupações de terrenos abandonados no centro da cidade, os mecanismos de organização mútua em associações, as reuniões, as coordenações e os tipos de mutirões

Adolescent adaptive behavior profiles in Williams–Beuren syndrome, Down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder

Background Adaptive behavior can be impaired in different neurodevelopmental disorders and may be influenced by confounding factors, such as intelligence quotient (IQ) and socioeconomic classification. Our main objective was to verify whether adaptive behavior profiles differ in three conditions—Williams Beuren syndrome (WBS), Down syndrome (DS), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as compared with healthy controls (HC) and with each other. Although the literature points towards each disorder having a characteristic profile, no study has compared profiles to establish the specificity of each one. A secondary objective was to explore potential interactions between the conditions and socioeconomic status, and whether this had any effect on adaptive behavior profiles. Methods One hundred and five adolescents were included in the study. All adolescents underwent the following evaluations: the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), and the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria. Results Our results demonstrated that the WBS group performed better than the DS group in the communication domain, β = −15.08, t(3.45), p = .005, and better than the ASD group in the socialization domain, β = 8.92, t(−2.08), p = .013. The DS group also performed better than the ASD group in socialization, β = 16.98, t(−2.32), p = .024. IQ was an important confounding factor, and socioeconomic status had an important effect on the adaptive behavior of all groups. Conclusions There is a heterogeneity regarding adaptive behavior profiles in WBS, DS, and ASD. These data are important to better design specific strategies related to the health and social care of each particular group

Lifetime psychopathology among the offspring of Bipolar I parents

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated high rates of psychopathology in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to identify psychiatric diagnoses in a sample of children of bipolar parents. METHOD: This case series comprised 35 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years, with a mean age of 12.5 + 2.9 years (20 males and 15 females), who had at least one parent with bipolar disorder type I. The subjects were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). Family psychiatric history and demographics were also evaluated. RESULTS: Of the offspring studied, 71.4% had a lifetime diagnosis of at least one psychiatric disorder (28.6% with a mood disorder, 40% with a disruptive behavior disorder and 20% with an anxiety disorder). Pure mood disorders (11.4%) occurred less frequently than mood disorders comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (17.1%). Psychopathology was commonly reported in second-degree relatives of the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (71.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support previous findings of an increased risk for developing psychopathology, predominantly mood and disruptive disorders, in the offspring of bipolar individuals. Prospective studies with larger samples are needed to confirm and expand these results.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)NARSADKrus Endowed Chair in Psychiatry UTHSCSAFederal University of São Paulo Department of PsychiatryThe University of Texas Health Science Center Departments of Psychiatry and OrthodonticsUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterThe University of Texas Health Science Center Department of PsychiatryUNIFESP, Department of PsychiatryNARSAD: MH 69774NARSAD: RR 20571NARSAD: MH068280SciEL

Lifetime psychopathology among the offspring of Bipolar I parents

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated high rates of psychopathology in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to identify psychiatric diagnoses in a sample of children of bipolar parents. METHOD: This case series comprised 35 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years, with a mean age of 12.5 + 2.9 years (20 males and 15 females), who had at least one parent with bipolar disorder type I. The subjects were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). Family psychiatric history and demographics were also evaluated. RESULTS: Of the offspring studied, 71.4% had a lifetime diagnosis of at least one psychiatric disorder (28.6% with a mood disorder, 40% with a disruptive behavior disorder and 20% with an anxiety disorder). Pure mood disorders (11.4%) occurred less frequently than mood disorders comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (17.1%). Psychopathology was commonly reported in second-degree relatives of the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (71.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support previous findings of an increased risk for developing psychopathology, predominantly mood and disruptive disorders, in the offspring of bipolar individuals. Prospective studies with larger samples are needed to confirm and expand these results

Vulnerabilidade às Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis em mulheres que comercializam sexo em rota de prostituição e turismo sexual na Região Central do Brasil

OBJETIVO: investigar el conocimiento, conductas de riesgo y signos/síntomas de enfermedades de transmisión sexual de mujeres profesionales del sexo. MÉTODO: estudio transversal con una muestra probabilística compuesta por 395 mujeres reclutadas mediante el método Respondent Driven Sampling entre el 2009 y 2010. Los datos fueron recolectados en entrevistas personales. RESULTADOS: la mayoría de las participantes eran jóvenes adultas, con bajo nivel de educación y poco conocimiento acerca de las formas de transmisión del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Más de un tercio de las participantes no pudo identificar cuáles son los signos/síntomas de las enfermedades de trasmisión sexual. La prevalencia de flujo vaginal y heridas/úlceras genitales fue del 49,0% y 8,6%, respectivamente, siendo que un 47,7% no solicitó tratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN: los resultados indican la necesidad de políticas públicas de salud dirigidas al control y prevención de enfermedades de trasmisión sexual en la población de profesionales del sexo, especialmente en el caso de las mujeres que actúan en una importante ruta de prostitución y turismo sexual en el centro de Brasil.OBJETIVO: investigar o conhecimento, comportamentos de risco e sinais/sintomas de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis de mulheres profissionais do sexo. MÉTODO: estudo de coorte transversal, de uma amostra probabilística de 395 mulheres, recrutadas pelo método Respondent Driven Sampling, de 2009 a 2010. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista face a face. RESULTADOS: a maioria era de mulheres adultas jovens, com baixa escolaridade e conhecimento insuficiente sobre formas de transmissão do vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Mais de um terço das mulheres não soube informar os sinais/sintomas das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. A prevalência de corrimento vaginal e ferida/úlcera foi de 49,0 e 8,6%, respectivamente, sendo que 41,7% dessas não procuraram tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de políticas públicas de saúde voltadas para o controle e prevenção das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis nessa população, especialmente, em mulheres que comercializam sexo em importante rota de prostituição e turismo sexual do Brasil Central.OBJECTIVE: to investigate knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), STD-related risk behaviors, and signs/symptoms of STDs among female sex workers (FSWs). METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted with a probabilistic sample comprising 395 women recruited using a respondent-driven sampling method between 2009 and 2010. The data were collected during face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: most of the participants were young adults, had a low educational level, and had poor knowledge on the transmission paths of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Over one-third of the participants were not able to describe the signs/symptoms of STDs. The prevalence rates of vaginal discharge and wounds/ulcers were 49.0% and 8.6%, respectively, but 41.7% of the women had not sought treatment. CONCLUSION: the results indicate the need for public health policies focusing on the control and prevention of STDs in this population, especially for the FSWs who are active in an important prostitution and sex tourism route in central Brazil

Café com canela pela perspectiva do cinema negro e da história da cultura

This article aims, based on the 2017 film "Café com Canela", directed by Ary Rosa and Glenda Nicácio, to weave under the lens of Black Cinema, with direction, screenwriting and interpretation by black people and the Newest Brazilian Cinema, with a focus on regional social realist aspects, the educational character of this production involves in generational and gender aspects, in multiple temporalities, the plot offers insights into the daily life of the Recôncavo Baiano region and sensitivities about death, mourning, affections, and disaffection. Under the Cultural History analysis methodology, the film was subdivided into parts: the first, screening to 10 spectators selected for the study, the second, decoupage or decomposition of the scenes for description, and the third, reconstruction for the understanding of the relations between the elements and interpretation of the researchers and co-participants. The contribution was the understanding of cinema as a record/document of history and the proof of its nature educational for discussions about the humanization of Brazilian people.Este artigo objetiva, a partir da obra cinematográfica “Café com Canela”, de 2017, dirigida por Ary Rosa e Glenda Nicácio, tecer sob as lentes do Cinema Negro, com direção, roteirização e interpretação de pessoas negras e do Novíssimo Cinema Brasileiro, com foco em aspectos realistas sociais regionais, o caráter pedagógico dessa produção envolve aspectos geracionais e de gênero, em múltiplas temporalidades, o enredo oferece percepções sobre a vida cotidiana da região do Recôncavo Baiano e sensibilidades sobre a morte, luto, afetos e desafetos. Sob a metodologia de análise da História Cultural, o filme foi subdividido em partes: a primeira, exibição para 10 espectadores selecionados para o estudo, a segunda, decupagem ou decomposição das cenas para a descrição e a terceira, a reconstrução para a compreensão das relações entre os elementos e interpretação dos pesquisadores e coparticipantes. O contributo foi a compreensão do cinema como registro/documento da história e a comprovação do seu cunho educativo para as discussões sobre a humanização das pessoas negras.