Twenty years of stereotype threat research: A review of psychological mediators

This systematic literature review appraises critically the mediating variables of stereotype threat. A bibliographic search was conducted across electronic databases between 1995 and 2015. The search identified 45 experiments from 38 articles and 17 unique proposed mediators that were categorized into affective/subjective (n = 6), cognitive (n = 7) and motivational mechanisms (n = 4). Empirical support was accrued for mediators such as anxiety, negative thinking, and mind-wandering, which are suggested to co-opt working memory resources under stereotype threat. Other research points to the assertion that stereotype threatened individuals may be motivated to disconfirm negative stereotypes, which can have a paradoxical effect of hampering performance. However, stereotype threat appears to affect diverse social groups in different ways, with no one mediator providing unequivocal empirical support. Underpinned by the multi-threat framework, the discussion postulates that different forms of stereotype threat may be mediated by distinct mechanisms

Un progetto di ricerca di base sulla documentazione cartografica, catastale e d’archivio per la redazione di cartografie ricostruttive delle citta della Sardegna

A basic research project regarding cartographic, cadastral and archive documents for the preparation of reconstruction maps of cities in Sardinia The basic research project entitled “Development of methods for the production of medieval and modern reconstruction plans of cities in Sardinia: computerized analysis of lot structure and urban evolution of historic settlements” enabled us to embark upon a course of study of the cartographic materials regarding cities in Sardinia. Among the goals of the project is the development of materials that can be useful for analytical and critical readings of the region’s historic urban heritage. The medieval origins, still to be studied partly in relation to design components and the form of the dwelling units, represent an interesting sampling of Italian and Mediterranean cultures. The reorganization of cartographic documents, developed in accordance with current research methodologies, provides some new insights into urban structure using computerized data processing procedures that can be useful both for developing new studies as well as for the preservation of urban and landscape heritage

Group meaningfulness and the causal direction of influence between the ingroup and the self or another individual: Evidence from the induction-deduction paradigm

The goal of the present study was to investigate the causal direction of influence between the ingroup as a whole and the self or another ingroup member considering a key feature of groups, i.e., their perceived meaningfulness. To this goal, in Study 1, 2, and 3 we predicted a preference for self-stereotyping and ingroup-stereotyping in the meaningful social categories of sorority women, left-handed people and psychology students. In Study 4 we further expect that the meaningfulness attributed to a group moderates the direction of causality between individual and ingroup perception. Thus, we used one\u2019s Zodiac sign as the ingroup whose degree of meaningfulness varies across participants and we hypothesized higher levels of meaningfulness attributed to the ingroup to be associated with higher self- and ingroup-stereotyping. Using the methodologically stringent Induction Deduction Paradigm, participants were given information on unfamiliar dimensions, about either the ingroup or an individual (self or other ingroup member) and asked to make inferences on those same attributes about the ingroup (induction condition) or the individual (deduction condition). As predicted, a preference for deduction to the self (i.e., self-stereotyping) and deduction to another ingroup member (i.e., ingroup-stereotyping) were found for the meaningful groups of sorority women, left-handed people, and Psychology students (Studies 1, 2, and 3). In Study 4, consistent with predictions, the higher the level of attributed meaningfulness to the Zodiac system the higher the degree of deduction both to the self (self-stereotyping) and to another Zodiac ingroup member (ingroup-stereotyping). Several implications of these results are discussed, for example in relation to the possibility of educational interventions aimed at invalidating intergroup differences

Le strade medievali nel territorio periurbano tra continuità con l’antico e ridisegno moderno dei tracciati

During the Middle Age centuries, the roads close to the towns were reorganized in accord with urban transformations. Even in road links between cities and in planning rural landscape, the middle age culture has its own project vision which not always followed those of the ancient times. The geography around cities takes form in many symbolic ways. New place names give a new plan to the territory. Sometimes the territory was designed with good drawing quality, sometimes it was described more synthetically. In many cases, this plant was only a mental idea used for the mnemonic or the oral description of the places. Different regional Italian places are studied in order to recognize words and theoretical and technical models used at that time. The result is a revaluation of the Middle Age people's ability in planning and managing roads and lands

I punti di vista e le vedute di città dal XIII al XX secolo. Viewpoints and urban vistas from the 13th to 20th century. Venezia, Fondazione Cini, Isola di San Giorgio Maggiore

Un viaggio attraverso la storia delle città europee e l'evoluzione delle tecniche usate per rappresentarle nella storia, considerate come progetti di comunicazione dell'immagine delle singole città.36 studiosi indagano sulle regole adoperate dal medioevo al Novecento e sui significati collegati alle scelte dei punti di vista: un passaggio verso la costruzione della forma ideale dei luoghi urbani.A research journey through the history of European cities and the evolution of drawing techniques used to represent them in views, considered to be projects forcommunicating the image of the single cities. Thirty-six studies investigate the rules adopted from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century and the meanings linked to the choice of points of view, an essential step for the construction of the topography and history of the ideal form of place