Distribución conocida y potencial de las especies de geotrupinae (coleoptera: scarabaeoidea) en México

The available data on the geotrupids species present in the Mexican Republic was compiled, taking into account the literature citations as well as the available data in several entomologic collections. A database (GEOMEX) was developed based on these data, which was useful to extract an actualized list of all the species present in the Mexican territory. Distribution maps, both observed and potential, wereproduced, those latter by means of a methodology based on maximum entropy models (MaxEnt). Some other biogeographic data are also supplied, as well as climatic optimum values for each species.Se recopiló la información disponible acerca de los geotrúpidos presentes en la República Mexicana, teniendo en cuenta las citas presentes en la literatura y en diversas colecciones entomológicas. A partir de estos datos se elaboró una base de datos (GEOMEX), la cual se utilizó, en primer lugar, para presentar un listado actualizado de todas las especies presentes en el territorio mexicano. También se elaboraron mapas de la distribución conocida de dichas especies, así como mapas que muestran la distribución potencial utilizando una metodología basada en modelos de máxima entropía (MaxEnt). Se presentan, así mismo, algunos datos biogeográficos así como los valores climáticos óptimos para cada especie

Butterfly biodiversity in the city is driven by the interaction of the urban landscape and species traits : a call for contextualised management

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICContext: Urbanisation is an environmental filter for many species that leads to community homogenisation, with a few species inhabiting isolated patches (e.g. public and private gardens and parks) embedded within the urban landscape. Promoting biodiversity in urban areas requires understanding which species traits allow species to survive the urban landscape. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess how species traits and landscape factors combine to allow species functional groups to live in the city. Methods: We used butterfly count data collected by volunteers in 24 gardens of Barcelona city, during 2018 and 2019. Species were clustered in functional groups according to their traits. We applied a multinomial choice model to test for the effect of the landscape on the different functional groups. Results: Three functional groups became prevalent in the city while a fourth, containing most sedentary specialist species, was filtered out. Although the observed groups had similar species richness, abundances varied depending on urban landscape characteristics. Specialist sedentary specialists and medium mobile species were all favoured by patch connectivity; while the presence of mobile generalist species was only enhanced by habitat quality. Our results indicate that butterfly communities are more diverse in highly connected gardens. Conclusions: Our study highlights the need of contextualised management with actions accounting for the species functional groups, rather than a management focused on general species richness. It demonstrates that urban landscape planning must focus on improving connectivity inside the city in order to diversify the community composition

Update on the invasion status of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868), in Madrid, a large city in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula

New geolocated records of the invasive ant Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) are added to the previous references for the city of Madrid and its surroundings, and the possible causes of the occurrence and permanence of this species in urban areas are discussed. The data collection corresponds to a series of samplings carried out for the last three years in green areas of the city, bibliographic searches, citizen science platforms and personal communications. To date, eleven locations in the urban area of Madrid and four points outside the city have been registered. The city of Madrid is undergoing a colonisation by the Argentine ant, although it is not widespread yet, since observations over time and space are isolated and apparently unrelated. However, this species has a great capacity to disperse and establish new colonies, mainly human-mediated through the transport of goods, plants, gardening tools, etc. Considering the numerous colonizable urban green areas in the city that can provide the necessary conditions for its expansion, the Argentine ant should not be underestimated, and immediate action is strongly recommended

Distribution and dispersal of the invasive Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), across the heterogeneous landscape of the Iberian peninsula

Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), also known as the Asian chestnut gall wasp, is a non-native invasive species that has recently appeared in many regions of Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula. This species is an important pest of chestnut trees in several regions and is of concern for foresters in these areas. The results of this research revealed 14 different hotspots of infestation of D. kuriphilus and resulted in the development of models that predict the distribution of D. kuriphilus in Spain over the next 37 years (2019-2055). These results indicate a rapid spread in all Spanish chestnut forests and identify areas that are theoretically highly suitable and susceptible to colonization by this cynipid based on predictions of three different niche models. Although D. kuriphilus is able to induce galls on all chestnut trees, the models indicate that there are differences in the suitability of the different regions for this species. This differential suitability results in some areas having better environmental conditions than others for D. kuriphilus, which is a factor that should be taken into account in its management and biological control. This study of the current distribution, patterns of dispersal using GIS and potentially suitable areas for D. kuriphilus, using niche models will assist in the management and control of this pest in Spain

Climate as a possible driver of gall morphology in the chestnut pest Dryocosmus kuriphilus across Spanish invaded areas

The alien cynipid waspDryocosmus kuriphilusYasumatsu, 1951 is a serious pest of chestnuts(Castaneaspp.) in Japan, North America and Europe, causing fruit losses while inducing gallsin buds. WhileD. kuriphilusgalls have a recognizable and roughly invariable globular shape,their size varies, reaching up to 4 cm in diameter. Among other factors, such variation maydepend on different climatic conditions in different attacked areas. Here, we sampled andmeasured 375D. kuriphilusgalls from 25 localities throughout the Iberian Peninsula, includ-ing both cold and rainy northern (Eurosiberian) areas and warm and dry central-southern(Mediterranean) areas, to test the effects of climate and geographical location on gall morph-ology. The analyses indicate that gall mass and volume follow a pattern that can be associatedwith a climatic cline. In particular, the Eurosiberian galls were smaller than the Mediterraneangalls according to differences in climatic conditions. In the southern areas, the greaterinsolation regime does not allow the chestnut trees to be distributed at lower altitudes, butthe high rainfall and humidity regime of the mountain enclaves allow their presence. Theseconditions of insolation and precipitation seem to influence the morphological characteristicsof the galls ofD. kuriphilus.This study was financed by an Encomienda de Gestión from MAPAMA to Agencia Estatal CSIC, 16MNES003, awarded to JLNA,DGT, JF Gómez and CP, and by project AGL2016-76262-R (AEI/FEDER,UE), awarded to JLNA.Peer reviewe

Climate change as a driver of insect invasions: Dispersal patterns of a dragonfly species colonizing a new region.

The dragonfly Trithemis kirbyi Sélys, 1891 recently colonized Western Europe from North Africa. Since its first record in the Iberian Peninsula in 2007, the species has been spreading northward and has become naturally established in the central and eastern Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands and southern France. Despite its worldwide distribution, its rapid colonization of the western Mediterranean area occurred only very recently. The aims of this study were to evaluate (1) whether the species' colonization of the western Mediterranean is related to climate change and rising temperatures, specifically the summer warming peaks that have occurred in the last decade, (2) which climatic variables have most influenced its distribution and dispersal, and (3) its potential future dispersal and colonization capacity towards the eastern Mediterranean. We found that the dispersal and recent establishment of T. kirbyi in southwestern Europe strongly depends on increasing temperatures, particularly summer temperature peaks, which has allowed this species to disperse farther and more effectively than during years with average summer temperatures. The most important variable in the suitability models is the minimum temperature of the coldest month, which, in recent decades, has become less of a limiting factor for ectotherms. According to the models, suitable areas for the species are currently found throughout the eastern Mediterranean parts of Europe, and it is likely that it can naturally colonize these areas as it did in the Iberian Peninsula. Trithemis kirbyi is a model of how climate change and observed rising temperatures have turned previously inhospitable regions into suitable areas for exotic species, which may successfully colonize them naturally if they can reach these promising lands on their own. However, this study serves as a warning that such species can also colonize these new regions with a little help from unsuspecting means, which are often responsible for the increasingly common presence of invasive, noxious taxa in Europe

Torymus sinensis against the invasive chestnut gall wasp: Evaluating the physiological host range and hybridization risks of a classical biological control agent

[Background]: A common strategy to limit the negative impact of biological invasions is biological control through the release of specialized alien natural enemies. However, biological control plans are not without risks, which include parasitism of native hosts and hybridization with related native species, particularly those that are potential natural enemies of the invasive species. Here, we evaluate these potential risks resulting from the introduction of the parasitoid wasp Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in Europe to control the invasive Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae).[Results]: We found that, under laboratory conditions, the physiological host range of T. sinensis includes several native non-target species of Cynipidae, with oviposition observed on the galls of 8 of the 11 species tested. However, physiological host range of T. sinensis appears to be limited under field conditions, as we observed only one parasitized gall of Andricus curvator in the field. Regarding hybridization, inter-species mating between T. sinensis and its phylogenetically closest native Torymus species was not observed in the laboratory. Moreover, discordance between nuclear (ITS2) and mitochondrial (coxI) data does not support the presence of genetic introgression, suggesting that hybridization between T. sinensis and native Torymus species does not occur. In addition, we cite and discuss the unexpected presence of one individual of the related alien species Torymus beneficus in Spain.[Conclusion]: Our results suggest that T. sinensis may negatively impact several non-target species, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of the extent of such undesired behaviour and its effects on the native fauna.The molecular part of this study was funded by the project grants CGL2015-66571-P, MINECO-FEDER and PID2019-110243GB-100 /AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain) to JLNA and JFG. The field work and lab experiments were funded by AGL2016-76262-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and Encomienda de Gestión from MAPAMA to Agencia Estatal CSIC, 16MNES003 to JLNA and JFG.Peer reviewe

Pensar la inactualidad del pensamiento de Michel Foucault en contextos comparados. Reseña del libro Michel Foucault: neoliberalismo y biopolítica de Vanessa Lemm

Submitted by Franciele Moreira ([email protected]) on 2017-03-31T15:35:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Bradford Alan Hawkins - 2007 (2).pdf: 259727 bytes, checksum: 65c85e52b93375eea2c2c6adb5e11805 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2017-04-04T12:34:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Bradford Alan Hawkins - 2007 (2).pdf: 259727 bytes, checksum: 65c85e52b93375eea2c2c6adb5e11805 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2017-04-04T12:36:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Bradford Alan Hawkins - 2007 (2).pdf: 259727 bytes, checksum: 65c85e52b93375eea2c2c6adb5e11805 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T12:36:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Bradford Alan Hawkins - 2007 (2).pdf: 259727 bytes, checksum: 65c85e52b93375eea2c2c6adb5e11805 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08We compiled 46 broadscale data sets of species richness for a wide range of terrestrial plant, invertebrate, and ectothermic vertebrate groups in all parts of the world to test the ability of metabolic theory to account for observed diversity gradients. The theory makes two related predictions: (1) ln-transformed richness is linearly associated with a linear, inverse transformation of annual temperature, and (2) the slope of the relationship is near 0.65. Of the 46 data sets, 14 had no significant relationship; of the remaining 32, nine were linear, meeting prediction 1. Model I (ordinary least squares, OLS) and model II (reduced major axis, RMA) regressions then tested the linear slopes against prediction 2. In the 23 data sets having nonlinear relationships between richness and temperature, split-line regression divided the data into linear components, and regressions were done on each component to test prediction 2 for subsets of the data. Of the 46 data sets analyzed in their entirety using OLS regression, one was consistent with metabolic theory (meeting both predictions), and one was possibly consistent. Using RMA regression, no data sets were consistent. Of 67 analyses of prediction 2 using OLS regression on all linear data sets and subsets, two were consistent with the prediction, and four were possibly consistent. Using RMA regression, one was consistent (albeit weakly), and four were possibly consistent. We also found that the relationship between richness and temperature is both taxonomically and geographically conditional, and there is no evidence for a universal response of diversity to temperature. Meta-analyses confirmed significant heterogeneity in slopes among data sets, and the combined slopes across studies were significantly lower than the range of slopes predicted by metabolic theory based on both OLS and RMA regressions. We conclude that metabolic theory, as currently formulated, is a poor predictor of observed diversity gradients in most terrestrial systems