Generación de una metodología para determinar la tendencia del crecimiento poblacional en el Cantón Mejía, aplicando técnicas de SIG y Teledetección

This study aims to contribute with knowledge to the GIS and remote sensing area, as a tool to facilitate the analysis of the spatial distribution of elements in a territory (whether these are biophysical or anthropogenic) that interact and make part of it. This research focuses on identifying demographic concentrations, which have an impact in the development analysis of a determined area. For this study, spatial analysis models were applied in order to evaluate according to the nature of the elements, or analysis factors, possible urban growth tendencies in the Mejía County. Also, thanks to the availability of growth estimations provided by the National Institute of Statistic and Census (INEC) of Ecuador, it is possible to view and analyze the territory’s holding capability according to a number of people versus the territorial proportion available. The establishment of standards defined by the modeling and combination of census information, guide the decision maker where to focus efforts or dictate policies that enable a urban, industrial, and agricultural balanced development, without compromising on a future food or natural resources delivery as delicate as the provision of water or unpolluted air.El estudio que se presenta a continuación pretende ser un aporte al área del conocimiento de los SIG y la Teledetección como herramientas que facilitan el análisis de la distribución espacial de elementos de un territorio (sean estos biofísicos o antrópicos) y que interactúan en la conformación del mismo. Esta investigación se enfoca en establecer concentraciones poblacionales, concentraciones que poseen repercusiones en el análisis del desarrollo de un espacio determinado. Se aplicaron modelos de análisis espacial que permitieron valorar, de acuerdo a la naturaleza de los elementos o factores de análisis, posibles tendencias del crecimiento urbanístico del cantón Mejía. Así mismo gracias a la disponibilidad de las proyecciones de crecimiento poblacionales del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC) del Ecuador, es posible visualizar y analizar, la capacidad de acogida del territorio respecto del número de personas versus la proporción territorial disponible. El establecimiento de patrones definidos por el modelamiento y la combinación de información censal, orientan al tomador de decisiones dónde enfocar esfuerzos o dictar políticas que permitan un desarrollo urbano, industrial, agropecuario equilibrado sin comprometer a futuro la provisión de alimentos o recursos naturales tan sensibles como es el suministro de agua o aire libre de contaminación. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación serán un aporte para la toma de decisiones en ordenamiento y planificación territorial del Cantón Mejía

Techno-economic assessment of a Multi-effect Distillation plant installed 1 for the production of irrigation water in Arica (Chile)

In the context of a regional Chilean project (FIC Taltape project, BIP code 30158422-0), a multi-effect distillation (MED) pilot plant has been built and installed in a small community in the north of Chile (Taltape, Arica) in order to supply treated water for agricultural and domestic purposes. The aim of this paper is to assess the techno-economic feasibility of this system for supplying water with the required quality to the population. The characterization of the feed water and the effluents from the MED pilot plant (distillate and brine), obtained during five months of operation, has been firstly performed. Then, the prediction of the operation of the water treatment system with solar energy has been carried out using a typical meteorological year and the design of a static solar field that cover the thermal energy needs of the water treatment plant

Pyrethroids and developmental neurotoxicity - A critical review of epidemiological studies and supporting mechanistic evidence

Background: Pyrethroid metabolites are widely detectable in urine from the general population, including pregnant women and children. Pyrethroids are neurotoxic and suggested endocrine disruptors. Exposure during vulnerable developmental time windows may have long-term impacts on neurodevelopment. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological evidence for neurodevelopmental effects related to prenatal and childhood pyrethroid exposure in a systematic review and to assess biological plausibility by evaluating mechanistic evidence. Methods: We searched PubMed and Web of Science up to September 1, 2021 and included original studies published in English in which pyrethroid exposure was measured or estimated during pregnancy or childhood and associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes in the children were investigated. The Navigation Guide Systematic Review Methodology was used to evaluate the epidemiological evidence. For mechanistic evidence, we focused on relevant key events (KEs) suggested in Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) using the OECDsupported AOP-wiki platform. A systematic search combining the KEs with pyrethroids, including 26 individual compounds, was performed in the ToxCast database. Results: Twenty-five epidemiological studies met the inclusion criteria, 17 presented findings on prenatal exposure, 10 on childhood exposure and two on both exposure windows. The overall body of evidence was rated as “moderate quality” with “sufficient evidence” for an association between prenatal pyrethroid exposure and adverse neurodevelopment. For childhood exposure, the overall rating was “low quality” with “limited evidence” because of cross-sectional study design. Regarding mechanistic evidence, we found that pyrethroids are able to interfere with neurodevelopmental KEs included in established AOPs for adverse neurodevelopmental. The evidence was strongest for interference with thyroid hormone (TH) function. Conclusion: Pyrethroids are probably human developmental neurotoxicants and adverse impacts of pyrethroid exposure on neurodevelopment are likely at exposure levels occurring in the general population. Preventive measures to reduce exposure among pregnant women and children are warranted.European Commission 733032 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, and Operational Programme Research, Development and Innovation - project CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE LM201812185756

Effect of succesive applications of urban compost on soil potassium availability

10 páginas, 1 figura, 6 tablas, 22 referencias.[EN]: The effect of successive applications of urban compost (up to 150 and 400 t ha-1 in six applications over eight years) on the status of K in a calcareous soil was tested in a greenhouse experiment. An 8-15-15 complex fertilizer was also applied for comparison. Five years of ryegrass and three of horticultural plants (tomato and eggplant) were successively cropped during the experiment. Increases of soluble- and available-K were observed with both organic and inorganic fertilization, although statistical differences between treatments were not significant. On the contrary, total-K does not increase when compost is added. Values of total-K when compost is added at maximum rate tend to be even lower than those in the control, which could be related with the observed lowering of tite soil's bulk density. Highest plant K-uptake corresponds to the application of the maximum compost dosage, and is much higher than the amount of K applied with compost.[ES]: Se estudia a nivel de invernadero el efecto de aplicaciones sucesivas de compost urbano (hasta 150 y 400 t ha-1 en seis aplicaciones, a lo largo de ocho años) sobre niveles de K de un suelo calcáreo. A efectos comparativos se utilizó un abono inorgánico complejo, 8-15-15. Durante los cinco primeros años se cultivó ryegrass y plantas hortícolas (tomate y berenjena) durante los tres años restantes. La fertilización orgánica e inorgánica incrementó los niveles de K soluble y disponible en el suelo, aunque sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre tratamientos. Los niveles de K total no se incrementaron como consecuencia de la adición de compost. Resultaron incluso algo más bajos que en el control cuando se aplicó la dosis más alta de compost, lo que podría estar relacionado con la reducción de densidad aparente que ocasiona este tratamiento en el substrato. La máxima absorción vegetal de K correspondió al tratamiento con dosis mayor de compost, siendo la cantidad absorbida superior a la aportada por el compost.Peer reviewe

The theory of constraints applied in a manufacture CAD-CAM system in the industry Metalworking-plastic

In the following project, the theory of constraints was applied in order to implement a manufacture CAD-CAM system into the metal mechanic industry processes of polymers injection and blown of polymers. The research showed that the manufacture of the mold with the engraving took 223,17 hours. In the workflow for the manufacture of the mold, a restriction was found in the outsource service of CNC. It took 120 hours of the whole process and represent the 51,47 % the total time of tooling manufacturing. There is also a constraint found in the design time. It was 60 hours that corresponds to 26,88 % of the overall time. In order to reduce the time, a modern system of design in 3D and CAM was established to improve the model process of design and manufacture. A simulation by computational resource was applied to the plastic. The design was changed from 2D to 3D. The implementation was focused in the design. A software was installed to improve the speed of modeling methods with reliable information. In the manufacture of molds, a new CNC machine was acquired with three simultaneous axes to eliminate the outsource service. By acquiring the design system, the working time was diminished in 79% and regarding to the CNC process, the working time was improved in 88%

Towards an efficient generalization of the online dosage of hydrogen peroxide in photo-fenton process to treat industrial wastewater

This work addresses the dosage of H2O2 in photo-Fenton processes and the monitoring of Dissolved oxygen (DO) that can be used to drive the dosage of H2O2. The objective of this work is to show that a smarter monitoring of a process variable such as DO (for which on-line measurement can be inexpensively obtained) enables the proposal and implementation of efficient dosage strategies. The work explores the application of a recent proposed strategy consisting of: (i) initial H2O2 addition, (ii) continuous H2O2 addition until a DO set up is reached, and (iii) automatic H2O2 addition by an on-off control system based on DO slope monitoring, and applies it to the treatment of different individual contaminants and their mixtures (paracetamol and sulfamethazine). The assays performed following this dosage strategy showed improved values of TOC removed per H2O2 consumed. For the case of sulfamethazine, this improvement increased up to 25–35% with respect to the efficiency obtained without dosage. Furthermore, a deeper analysis of the results allowed detecting and assessing the opportunity to redesign the dosage scheme and reduce its complexity and the number of control parameters. The promising results obtained are discussed in regard of future research into further increasing the simplicity and robustness of this generalized control strategy that improves the applicability of the photo-Fenton process by reducing its operating costs and increasing automationPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Modeling and numerical simulation of the Richards equation for infiltration problems

One of the most important natural resources we have is the soil and it is of great interest to the society to take care of them and not to pollute it. In the study of this issue, we are going to consider one of the most common forms of soil contamination due to an infiltration process. It is therefore that it is essential to address study and clearly understand this process by developing a mathematician model, which will be a representation of this physicist phenomenon. Then design and implement a computer program that simulates the infiltration of liquid pollutants in a given area. In this paper we will develop a mathematical model for two-dimensional infiltration in the saturated zone of porous media, based on the equation in nonlinear partial differential Richards Also, It will present a numerical solution through finite element method and first order This paper shows the computational implementation using a simulator that presents graphically the process of pollution afflicting the ground, exposed to certain pollutants, such as the oil spill in regions of eastern Ecuador, wastewater near industrial complexes, among others, over a certain period of time. Finally, this paper will allow for remedial studies in the case are already contaminated soils or preventive areas established as hazardous

Urgencias estomatológicas en pacientes con defectos bucomaxilofaciales

Patients with oral-maxillofacial injuries, particularly those with intraoral loss or mutilation, have special features that should be evaluated by the providers of the emergency dentistry service. Risks and accidents can happen during emergency treatment in the mouth area when the providers’ training in relation to this topic is inadequate. These features are reported, as well as the most common emergencies and possible complications.Los pacientes con lesiones bucomaxilofaciales, en particular los que presentan pérdidas o mutilaciones intraorales, tienen características especiales que deben ser evaluadas por los prestadores del servicio de urgencias estomatológicas. Los riesgos y los accidentes pueden suceder durante la solución de urgencias en el área bucal si la preparación de los prestadores es insuficiente en relación a esta temática. Se comunican tales características, así como las más frecuentes urgencias y las posibles complicaciones

Multimedia Neuroendocribne Interrelationship: a renewing alternative of the teaching of Morphological Sciences in Health Technology

La idea de perfeccionar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de los conocimientos morfofisiológicos que tradicionalmente han sido difíciles de enseñar por los docentes, y de asimilar por los estudiantes de la carrera de Tecnología de la Salud, constituyó el móvil para emprender un proceso de perfeccionamiento de la dirección del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la asignatura Morfofisiología General. En el estudio de los sistemas de regulación del programa de Morfofisiología existe dificultad en la asimilación del contenido, por lo que es una necesidad la introducción de las tecnologías de la informática como alternativa de avanzadas y como medios virtuales que facilite el aprendizaje de estos contenidos. De tal naturaleza se ha considerado los requerimientos de la informática en la elaboración, aplicación y validación de una multimedia como medio de enseñanza. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron saltos cuantitativos y cualitativos en el aprendizaje, para lo cual se utilizaron métodos de investigación pertinentes para el estudio que se presenta.The idea of improving the teaching and learning of morphophysiological knowledge that usually have been hard to teach by professors and dificult to assimilate by students of Health Technology career, was the mobile to perform a process of improvement for the direction of the teaching learning process of General Morphophysiology. In the studies of the  regulatory systems of the Morphophysiology program there are some difficulties in the assimilation of the contents, that is the reason why it was necessary to insert the computer technologies as an alternative for advancement and as virtual media technologies to facilitate the learning of these contents. Therefore there have been considered the requirements of informatics in the elaboration, application and validation of a multimedia as a teching aid. The results obtained evidenced quantitative and qualitative jumps in the learning process, for which there were used research methods to perform this study

A 3D Peptide/[60]Fullerene Hybrid for Multivalent Recognition

Multivalent ligand presentation is a powerful strategy for the development of specific binders and inhibitors. Peptide/[60]fullerene hybrids have now been synthesized that exploit the complete substitution of the fullerene scaffold to afford globular structures presenting twelve copies of a peptide ligand for the recognition of E-selectin. Fully substituted peptide/[60]fullerene hexakis-adducts offer an excellent opportunity for multivalent protein recognition. In contrast to monofunctionalized fullerene hybrids, peptide/[60]fullerene hexakis-adducts display multiple copies of a peptide in close spatial proximity and in the three dimensions of space. High affinity peptide binders for almost any target can be currently identified by in vitro evolution techniques, often providing synthetically simpler alternatives to natural ligands. However, despite the potential of peptide/[60]fullerene hexakis-adducts, these promising conjugates have not been reported to date. Here we present a synthetic strategy for the construction of 3D multivalent hybrids that are able to bind with high affinity the E-selectin. The here synthesized fully substituted peptide/[60]fullerene hybrids and their multivalent recognition of natural receptors constitute a proof of principle for their future application as functional biocompatible materialsThis work was partially supported by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) [SAF2017-89890-R, PCI2019-103400, PID2020-117143RB-I00, PID2020-114653RB-I00 and PID2020-115120GB-I00], Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2017/25 and Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019–2022, ED431G 2019/03) and the European Commission (EC) (European Regional Development Fund-ERDF). J.M. thanks the ERC-STG (DYNAP, 677786), ERC-POC (TraffikGene, 838002), Xunta de Galicia (Oportunius Program) and Human Frontier Science Programme Young Investigator Grant (RGY0066/2017) for funding. J.J.R. received a Beatriz Galindo Grant (BEAGAL18-00051) by the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades. I.G. received predoctoral fellowships (ED481A-2018/116 and FPU17/00941). J.C.-G. thanks the Comunidad de Madrid Atracción de Talento program (2018-T2/BMD-10275)S