Regional Differences in Returns to Education in Portugal

This paper analyses differences in the return to education in Portugal across regions. For this purpose, we use an extended Mincer-type wage equation. OLS regression results indicate that differences in the rewards to education are substantially different across regions. In particular, they are much higher in Lisbon than in other regions. Since the average level of education in Lisbon is much higher in Lisbon than elsewhere such a differential is attributed to the fact that the demand for educated labour is much higher in Lisbon, likely due to differences in technology. A quantile regression analysis reveals that the return to education is not constant across the whole conditional wage distribution. This is valid for the 18 regions examined, although once again the impact of education on wages is higher in Lisbon regardless the quantile we examine.

INCISÃO FLUVIAL EM TRIBUTÁRIOS DO RIO DOURO, UPLIFT REGIONAL E CONTROLO LITOLÓGICO NA EVOLUÇÃO DOS PERFIS LONGITUDINAIS

In this paper it’s analyzed some longitudinal profiles of Douro river tributaries. These streams flow through a landscape strongly influenced by variations in bedrock lithology, fault structures (e.g. Vilariça fault) and a base-level lowering history (tectonic uplift / eustatic). The Douro tributaries display an upstream concave up reach and a downstream rejuvenated profile separated by a transient knickpoint/knickzone. The upstream concavity up reach reflects a relict graded profile, of probable Piacenzian – Gelasian age, while the rejuvenated profile, represents the on-going transmission of several incision waves, linked to the Pleistocene - present stage of fluvial incision. Downstream projection of the relict graded profile was used to estimate the maximum fluvial incision at the stream mouth and the equivalent crustal uplift. The amount of incision ranges from ca 400 m in Côa river up to more than 600 m in the Paiva river, reflecting the differential uplift of the Meseta surface and the Central Plateaus. Incision rates calculated assuming ca of 2,5 to 1,8 Ma for the beginning of the incision are consistent with the amount of the uplift estimated in early works

Problem solving III: factors influencing classroom problem

This paper presents a review of the literature in the area of problem solving, particularly in physics, focusing only on factors that influence classroom problem solving. Fifty-seven papers have been analyzed in terms of theoretical basis, investigated factors/methodology and findings/relevant factors, which were organized in a table that served as support for a synthesis made by the authors. It is the third of a four-paper series reviewing different aspects of the problem solving subject

Propiedad comunal y repartos de tierras en Cádiz (siglos XV -XIX)

Entre las dos últimas décadas del siglo XVII y la primera mitad del siglo XVIII la agricultura española inició un nuevo rumbo que volvió a repetir, si bien con características particulares, la fase expansiva que ya conociera en el siglo XVI. En conjunto se trató de un crecimiento modesto y nada revolucionario: se ampliaron los espacios productivos, creció la cabaña ganadera y se inició una incipiente especialización agraria e integración de mercado a escala interregional e incluso internacional. Evidentemente, la expansión, ni afectó de igual modo a todos los productos (cereales, cebada, centeno, vid, etc.), ni tuvo las mismas características en cada una de las regiones españolas ni, por supuesto, en todas ellas siguió una misma cronología [...

Granjas modelos, granjas experimentales y enseñanza de la agricultura en Cádiz, 1855-1888: historia de un fracaso

Granjas modelos, granjas experimentales y enseñanza de la agricultura en Cádiz, 1855-1888: historia de un fracas

Daytime turbulent exchange between the Amazon forest and the atmosphere

Detailed observations of turbulence just above and below the crown of the Amazon rain forest during the wet season are presented. The forest canopy is shown to remove high frequency turbulent fluctuations while passing lower frequencies. Filter characteristics of turbulent transfer into the Amazon rain forest canopy are quantified. Simple empirical relations that relate observed turbulent heat fluxes to horizontal wind variance are presented. Changes in the amount of turbulent coupling between the forest and the boundary layer associated with deep convective clouds are presented both as statistical averages and as a series of case studies. These convective processes during the rainy season are shown to alter the diurnal course of turbulent fluxes. In wake of giant coastal systems, no significant heat or moisture fluxes occur for up to a day after the event. Radar data is used to demonstrate that even small raining clouds are capable of evacuating the canopy of substances normally trapped by persistent static stability near the forest floor. Recovery from these events can take more than an hour, even during mid-day. In spite of the ubiquitous presence of clouds and frequent rain during this season, the average horizontal wind speed spectrum is well described by dry CBL similarity hypotheses originally found to apply in flat terrain