Dire l’altérité autochtone. Débats anthropologiques et indigénistes sur le sujet indien au Mexique (1940-1948)

À la croisée d’une histoire conceptuelle du sujet indien, d’une histoire de la pensée anthropologique et de l’histoire de l’indigénisme, cet article retrace un long débat ayant eu lieu entre 1940 et 1948 au sein du milieu anthropologique et indigéniste mexicain. L’analyse montre que ces années ont été fondamentales pour fixer une signification stable de la catégorie « Indien », laquelle perdure, en grande mesure, jusqu’à nos jours.At the intersection of the conceptual history of the indigenous subject, the history of anthropological thought, and the history of indigenism, this paper reconstructs a long debate that took place between 1940 and 1948 in the anthropological and indigenista milieu in Mexico. The analysis show how those years were determining in the process of establishing a fixed signification to the category “Indian”, which has survived until today.En el cruce de una historia conceptual del sujeto indígena, una historia del pensamiento antropológico y una historia del indigenismo, este artículo reconstruye un largo debate que tuvo lugar entre 1940 y 1958 en el medio antropológico e indigenista mexicano. El análisis muestra que esos años fueron fundamentales en el proceso de estabilización de la categoría «Indígena», cuyo significado perdurará, en gran medida, hasta nuestros días

Dire l’altérité autochtone. Débats anthropologiques et indigénistes sur le sujet indien au Mexique (1940-1948)

À la croisée d’une histoire conceptuelle du sujet indien, d’une histoire de la pensée anthropologique et de l’histoire de l’indigénisme, cet article retrace un long débat ayant eu lieu entre 1940 et 1948 au sein du milieu anthropologique et indigéniste mexicain. L’analyse montre que ces années ont été fondamentales pour fixer une signification stable de la catégorie « Indien », laquelle perdure, en grande mesure, jusqu’à nos jours.At the intersection of the conceptual history of the indigenous subject, the history of anthropological thought, and the history of indigenism, this paper reconstructs a long debate that took place between 1940 and 1948 in the anthropological and indigenista milieu in Mexico. The analysis show how those years were determining in the process of establishing a fixed signification to the category “Indian”, which has survived until today.En el cruce de una historia conceptual del sujeto indígena, una historia del pensamiento antropológico y una historia del indigenismo, este artículo reconstruye un largo debate que tuvo lugar entre 1940 y 1958 en el medio antropológico e indigenista mexicano. El análisis muestra que esos años fueron fundamentales en el proceso de estabilización de la categoría «Indígena», cuyo significado perdurará, en gran medida, hasta nuestros días

La formation nationale de l’altérité

RésuméDans cet article sont retracés les échanges entre habitants, artistes, anthropologues et linguistes engagés dans le processus de construction nationale postrévolutionnaire au Mexique, grâce aux ethnographies et autres témoignages recueillis à Milpa Alta (Mexico) tout au long du xxe siècle. L’historique de ces interactions permet de suivre les conditions sociohistoriques de l’identification des Milplatenses en tant qu’autochtones – voire « héritiers des Aztèques ». Sans juger de l’authenticité ou invention de ces formes d’identification, il est démontré que l’identité en tant qu’autochtones, loin de précéder à la formation de l’État et de la nation en est l’un des résultats.The National Formation of OthernessUsing information from ethnological fieldwork and accounts collected in Milpa Alta (Mexico) throughout the 20th century, the interactions are described that took place between the inhabitants, artists, anthropologists and linguists who took part a national postrevolutionary construction of Mexico. The history of these exchanges brings to light the social and historical conditions for identifying the« Milpaltenses » as natives, even as « heirs to the Aztecs ». Without passing judgement on whether this identification was authentic or invented, this article shows that this native identity did not precede the formation of the nation-state but results from it

Internal determinants of university student employability. Construction and validation of scales

[EN] One of the challenges faced by European universities today is to ensure that their graduates find employment in line with their attributes. Graduate employability depends, among other factors, on many internal determinants in individuals. However, there is no consensus on how to measure them, and the scales developed to date have not been properly validated. The purpose of this paper is to construct and validate, at confirmatory level, a set of instruments for measuring the internal determinants of graduate employability. The results, based on a sample of 816 students, show the structure of the scales resulting from checking content validity, dimensionality, reliability, and convergent, discriminant and nomological validity.Caballero, G.; Álvarez, P.; López-Miguens, MJ. (2017). Internal determinants of university student employability. Construction and validation of scales. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 983-990. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD17.2017.5491OCS98399

Medium-frequency electrical resistance sintering of oxidized C.P. iron powder

Commercially pure (C.P.) iron powders with a deliberate high degree of oxidation were consolidated by medium-frequency electrical resistance sintering (MF-ERS). This is a consolidation technique where pressure, and heat coming from a low-voltage and high-intensity electrical current, are simultaneously applied to a powder mass. In this work, the achieved densification rate is interpreted according to a qualitative microscopic model, based on the compacts global porosity and electrical resistance evolution. The effect of current intensity and sintering time on compacts was studied on the basis of micrographs revealing the porosity distribution inside the sintered compact. The microstructural characteristics of compacts consolidated by the traditional cold-press and furnace-sinter powder metallurgy route are compared with results of MF-ERS consolidation. The goodness of MF-ERS versus the problems of conventional sintering when working with oxidized powders is analyzed. The electrical consolidation can obtain higher densifications than the traditional route under non-reducing atmospheres.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad DPI2015-69550-C2-1-PMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad DPI2015-69550-C2-2-

Characteristics of the Videos in Spanish Posted on Youtube about Human Papillomavirus Vaccines

Fundamentos: Internet constituye un recurso de búsqueda de información relacionada con la salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las características de los vídeos en idioma español de YouTube relacionados con la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional a partir de una búsqueda en YouTube el 26 de julio de 2013, con las palabras claves: “vacuna virus papiloma humano”, “vacuna VPH”, “vacuna Gardasil”, “vacuna Cervarix”. Se establecieron categorías por tipo, fuente de publicación y predisposición favorable o no hacia la vacuna. Se registró el número de visitas, tiempo de duración de los videos y origen de los 20 vídeos más visitados. Resultados. Se encontraron 1.080 videos registrados, 170 fueron seleccionados y clasificados como: noticias locales (n=39; 37 favorables, 2 desfavorables; 2:06:29; 42972 visitas), noticias nacionales (n=32; 30/2; 1:49:27; 50138 visitas), creados por subscritores de YouTube (n=21; 13/8; 2:50:35; 144655 visitas), entrevistas (n=21; 20/1; 1:44:39; 10991 visitas), anuncios (n=21; 19/2; 0:27:05; 28435 visitas), conferencias (n=17; 15/2; 3:25:39; 27206 visitas), documentales (n=16; 12/4; 2:11:31; 30629 visitas), y noticias internacionales (n=3; 3/0; 0:11:33; 1667 visitas). De los 20 videos más reproducidos predominan los favorables a la vacunación (n=12; 0:43:43; 161.789 visitas) frente a los desfavorables (n=8; 2:44:14; 86.583 visitas). Conclusiones. Predominan los videos que tiene una opinión favorable hacia la vacuna contra el VPH, aunque los videos de contenido negativo son los más extensos y reproducidos.Background. Internet is a resource to search for health-related information. The aim of this work was to know the content of the videos in Spanish language of YouTube related to the vaccine against the human papilloma virus (HPV). Metthods. An observational study was conducted from a search on YouTube on 26th July 2013 by using keywords such as: “human papilloma virus vaccine”, “HPV vaccine”, “Gardasil vaccine”, “Cervarix vaccine”. Different categories were established according to: the type of vaccine, the published source and the favorable or unfavorable predisposition towards the human papillomavirus vaccination. The number of visits and the duration of the videos were gathered, with analysis of variables in the 20 most visited videos. Results. A total of 170 videos were classified like: local news (n=39; 37 favorable, 2 unfavorable; 2:06:29; 42972 visits), national news (n=32; 30/2; 1:49:27; 50138 visits), created by YouTube subscribers (n=21; 21/1; 1:44:39; 10991 visits), advertisements (n=21; 19/2; 0:27:05; 28435 visits), conferences (n=17; 15/2; 3:25:39; 27206 visits), documentaries (n=16; 12/4; 2:11:31; 30629 visits). From all of the 20 most viewed YouTube videos predominated those which were favorable to the vaccination (n=12; 0:43:43; 161789 visits) against the unfavorable (n=8; 2:44:14; 86583 visits). Conclusions. Most of the videos have a favorable opinion towards HPV vaccine, although videos with a negative content were the longest and most viewed

Influence of processing parameters on the conduct of electrical resistance sintering of iron powders

The influence of the applied pressure and electrical parameters on the macrostructure of specimens consolidated by the medium-frequency electrical resistance sintering technique (MF-ERS) is analysed in this work. This technique is based on the application of pressure to a mass of conductive powder that, simultaneously, is being crossed by a high intensity and low voltage electric current. The simultaneous action of the pressure and the heat released by the Joule effect causes the densification and consolidation of the powder mass in a very short time. The effect of the current intensity and heating time on the global porosity, the porosity distribution, and the microhardness of sintered compacts is studied for two applied pressures (100 and 150 MPa). For the different experiments of electrical consolidation, a commercially available pure iron powder was chosen. For comparison purposes, the properties of the compacts consolidated by MF-ERS are compared with the results obtained by the conventional powder metallurgy route (cold pressing and furnace sintering). Results show that, as expected, higher current intensities and dwelling times, as well as higher pressures and the consolidation of compacts with lower aspects ratios, produce denser materials

A Method to Determine the Electrical Resistance of a Metallic Powder Mass under Compression

In this paper, a phenomenological model to predict the value of the electrical resistance of a compressed metal powder mass is proposed. The model, based on the experimental compressibility and resistivity-porosity curves, is useful in the field of the electrical resistance consolidation. In this area is often required to find out whether a certain mass of powder inside a die of specified inner section, and subjected to a certain compression, reaches a sufficiently small resistance value so that it can be consolidated by electrical means. The model also predicts the electrical resistance value of the powder mass in case of powders with no oxide layers, or after removing them mechanically or electrically by a previous activation process. The model predictions have been successfully validated through direct measurements of electrical resistance in powder aggregates both in as-received state and after electrical activation.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y Unión Europea DPI2015-69550-C2-1-P y DPI2015-69550-C2-2-

Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery Based on a Cathode of Copper Hexacyanoferrate

In this work, the performance of copper(II) hexacyanoferrate(III) (CuHCF) as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries was studied. The compound was synthesized by a precipitation reaction in aqueous solution in a closed system. The morphology and structure show nanoparticles with sizes between 40 and 70 nm with a high agglomeration and a crystalline phase with a cubic structure, respectively. The material exhibited a stable performance with a working potential of around 3.6 V vs Li+/Li and a decrease in the charge transfer resistance due to increased ionic conductivity. The gravimetric capacity obtained is near 60 mAh g−1 during 300 cycles at a rate of C/20, close to the practical capacity. Considering its electrochemical performance, CuHCF could be a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

Memory stem T cells modified with a redesigned CD30-chimeric antigen receptor show an enhanced antitumor effect in Hodgkin lymphoma

Altres ajuts: This work was supported in part by grants from La Marató TV3 (Exp. 20130710), Deutsche José Carreras Leukämie Stiftung (DJCSL 10R/2016), Fundación Científica Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC-AIO2017), Fundacion Bancaria 'La Caixa', TerCel (SG/11/2008)Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with mature T cells modified with a chimeric antigen receptor has demonstrated improved outcome for B-cell malignancies. However, its application for others such as Hodgkin lymphoma remains a clinical challenge. CD30 antigen, expressed in Hodgkin lymphoma cells, is absent in most healthy tissues, representing an ideal target of ACT for this disease. Despite that, efficacy of CD30-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for Hodgkin lymphoma remains modest. Here, we have developed and tested a novel CD30-CAR T to improve efficacy of CD30-CAR therapy, using a targeting epitope within the non-cleavable part of CD30 receptor, and memory stem T cells (T) to improve engraftment, persistence and antitumor activity. T cultures were generated and expanded ex vivo and transduced at day 1 or 2 with a lentiviral vector encoding the CD30-CAR. Therapeutic in vivo experiments were performed using NSG mice injected with L540 (sc) or L428 (iv) and treated with CD30-CAR T cells when the tumor was established. CD30-CAR T cells generated and expanded ex vivo, despite CD30 expression and fratricide killing of CD30 + CAR T cells, were not impaired by soluble CD30 and completely eradicated Hodgkin lymphoma in vivo, showing high persistence and long-lasting immunity. In addition, highly enriched CD30-CAR T products confer a survival advantage in vivo, in contrast to more differentiated CAR T cells, with higher tumor infiltration and enhanced antitumor effect. This study supports the use of a refined CD30-CAR T cells with highly enriched T products to improve clinical efficacy of CAR T for Hodgkin lymphoma. We have studied the efficacy of a redesigned CD30-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting a proximal epitope to enhance the antitumor efficacy. CD30-CAR T cells show potent in vivo antitumor effect in different Hodgkin lymphoma models, and overcome inhibition by soluble CD30. CD30-CAR memory stem T-cell products show long-term persistence, improved tumor homing and long-lasting immunity