Contrapublicidad del tabaco: sesgos mnésicos en procesamiento de la información textual

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el procesamiento mnésico explícito de palabras relacionadas con el tabaco y con la salud utilizando una tarea de reconocimiento. A una muestra formada por fumadores, no fumadores y exfumadores se administró una tarea stroop modificada compuesta por tres tipos de palabras: neutras, palabras relacionadas con el consumo de tabaco y palabras relacionadas con la salud, extraídas de los mensajes de advertencia sanitaria que aparecen actualmente en la publicidad del tabaco. Posteriormente se aplicó la prueba de memoria explícita. Los resultados mostraron que los sujetos fumadores presentan un incremento en el rendimiento de la tarea de memoria, mostrando un acceso preferente a las palabras relacionadas con el tabaco y no hacia las relacionadas con la salud. Se discute la relevancia de este sesgo de memoria en el ámbito de la contrapublicidad y en el de las terapias de deshabituación del tabaco.The aim of this work is to analyze the explicit mnesic processing of words related to smoking and health using a recognition task. A modified stroop task consisting of three types of words: neutral, smoking related words and health related words extracted from health warnings messages presented in smoking publicity, was given to a sample integrated by smokers, non-smokers and former-smokers. The individuals performed then an explicit memory task. The results obtained indicated that smokers show an increase in the performance of the memory task, with a preferential access to smoking related words but not to health related words.The relevance of this memory bias in the context of smoking counterpublicity and of stop-smoking therapy is discussed.peerReviewe

Psychopathological Risk Factors Associated with Body Image, Body Dissatisfaction and Weight-Loss Dieting in School-Age Adolescents

Determining the comorbidity patterns leading to suffering behavioural eating disorders (BED) that are identifiable in the early stages of life, can help prevent their becoming chronic, as well as preventing the consequences deriving from the cost and effectiveness of intervention programs. The paper focuses mainly on analysing the association between behavioural/emotional risk factors and body image, body satisfaction and diet in school children, as well as confirming whether there are differences based on sex. Several questionnaires (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and several items of Health Behaviour in School-age Children) including these variables were distributed and completed by the 647 adolescents (16 year olds on average) who took part in the research project. The findings confirmed a differentiated risk profile in adolescent girls in that they had greater prevalence of emotional symptoms as a general psychopathological trait, although this was offset with their prosocial behaviour. Additionally, the findings also allowed us to conclude that the factors that predict vulnerability to BEDs are sex, the presence of emotional symptoms and social and behavioural issues. At the end of this paper, we discuss some implications and consequences that should be taken into account for future work

Combining x-ray real and reciprocal space mapping techniques to explore the epitaxial growth of semiconductors

In the present work, the importance of determining the strain states of semiconductor compounds with high accuracy is demonstrated. For the matter in question, new software titled LAPAs, the acronym for LAttice PArameters is presented. The lattice parameters as well as the chemical composition of Al1-xInxN and Ge1-xSnx compounds grown on top of GaN- and Ge-buffered c-Al2O3 and (001) oriented Si substrates, respectively, are calculated via the real space Bond's method. The uncertainties in the lattice parameters and composition are derived, compared and discussed with the ones found via x-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping. Broad peaks lead to increased centroid uncertainty and are found to constitute up to 99% of the total uncertainty in the lattice parameters. Refraction correction is included in the calculations and found to have an impact of 0.001 angstrom in the lattice parameters of both hexagonal and cubic crystallographic systems and below 0.01% in the quantification of the InN and Sn contents. Although the relaxation degrees of the nitride and tin compounds agree perfectly between the real and reciprocal-spaces methods, the uncertainty in the latter is found to be ten times higher. The impact of the findings may be substantial for the development of applications and devices as the intervals found for the lattice match the condition of Al1-xInxN grown on GaN templates vary between similar to 1.8% (0.1675-0.1859) and 0.04% (0.1708-0.1712) if derived via the real- and reciprocal spaces methods.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Plurianual Strategic Funding UID/FIS/50010/2019. FO acknowledges the FCT PhD Grant and thanks the Institut fuer Halbleitertechnik, Universitaet Stuttgart for hospitality. The authors acknowledge Professor I Watson and Professor F Schulze from the Universities of Strathclyde, Scotland, United Kingdom, and Stuttgart, Germany for the growth of the nitrides and tin compounds, respectively

La tarea de interferencia Stroop: 110 años después del informe de Cattell de identificación de colores y palabras

[ES]Desde el informe de Cattell (1886) sobre la lectura de colores y palabras y la posterior formulación de la tarea de interferencia (Stroop, 1935), este campo de investigación ha sido enormemente prolífico. Se presenta una contextualización histórica sobre las raíces del fenómeno, un posterior análisis del paralelismo de la tarea Stroop y el abordaje del mecanismo atencional en sus cuatro grandes etapas, y por último los resultados del estudio bibliométrico de esta tarea en el período 1990-95. Es a partir de mediados de siglo cuando la tarea de interferencia Stroop adquiere gran relevancia para los investigadores pasando en los últimos años a desarrollar una inusitada importancia en el terreno aplicado, fundamentalmente clíníco, tanto desde un plano diagnóstico como predictivo en los ámbitos más diversos