Atmospheric characterization of Proxima b by coupling the Sphere high-contrast imager to the Espresso spectrograph

Context. The temperate Earth-mass planet Proxima b is the closest exoplanet to Earth and represents what may be our best ever opportunity to search for life outside the Solar System. Aims. We aim at directly detecting Proxima b and characterizing its atmosphere by spatially resolving the planet and obtaining high-resolution reflected-light spectra. Methods. We propose to develop a coupling interface between the SPHERE high-contrast imager and the new ESPRESSO spectrograph, both installed at ESO VLT. The angular separation of 37 mas between Proxima b and its host star requires the use of visible wavelengths to spatially resolve the planet on a 8.2-m telescope. At an estimated planet-to-star contrast of ~10^-7 in reflected light, Proxima b is extremely challenging to detect with SPHERE alone. However, the combination of a ~10^3-10^4 contrast enhancement from SPHERE to the high spectral resolution of ESPRESSO can reveal the planetary spectral features and disentangle them from the stellar ones. Results. We find that significant but realistic upgrades to SPHERE and ESPRESSO would enable a 5-sigma detection of the planet and yield a measurement of its true mass and albedo in 20-40 nights of telescope time, assuming an Earth-like atmospheric composition. Moreover, it will be possible to probe the O2 bands at 627, 686 and 760 nm, the water vapour band at 717 nm, and the methane band at 715 nm. In particular, a 3.6-sigma detection of O2 could be made in about 60 nights of telescope time. Those would need to be spread over 3 years considering optimal observability conditions for the planet. Conclusions. The very existence of Proxima b and the SPHERE-ESPRESSO synergy represent a unique opportunity to detect biosignatures on an exoplanet in the near future. It is also a crucial pathfinder experiment for the development of Extremely Large Telescopes and their instruments (abridged).Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, revised version accepted to A&

Contraception of women with intellectual disability: prevalence and determinants

The contraception of women with intellectual disability (ID) is a major concern for caregivers. However, the prevalence of contraception and the frequency of use of different methods (e.g. sterilization) remain generally unknown. Moreover, indications specific to women with ID are controversial. The present authors conducted a population-based study among 97% of the women with ID aged between 18 and 46 years attending government-funded facilities in Brussels and the nearby province of Walloon Brabant in Belgium. Out of 397 subjects, 40.8% did not use any contraceptive method, 22.2% were sterilized, 18.4% used an oral contraceptive agent, 17.6% used depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and 1% used an intrauterine device. These figures differ widely from those of the general Belgian population. Binary logistic regression for `contraceptive utilization' showed the strong influence of institutional factors such as sleeping environment (i.e. institutional or parental), sexual relationship policy and contraception policy. Having or having had a boyfriend is also correlated with a stronger probability of contraceptive use. Other factors have a smaller influence (e.g. a milder level of ID). Very few factors, none of which are medical, are correlated with an increased use of a specific method. The present results are discussed in the light of the general medical application of contraception and the commonly assumed specific indications for women with ID

Arthrodesis of the wrist with the use of hoffmann external fixation

CD Rominfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Sexualidade na deficiência intelectual: uma análise das percepções de mães de adolescentes especiais Sexuality in intellectual disabilities: an analysis of the perceptions of mothers of special adolescents

Adolescência é a fase transitória entre infância e idade adulta, momento importante do desenvolvimento humano, marcado por mudanças físicas, psicológicas e sociais relativas ao início da sexualidade. Este momento geralmente é conturbado e o poderá ser ainda mais para adolescentes com deficiência intelectual (DI) por confrontar com preconceitos e mistificações estabelecidas há tempos. A maneira infantilizante e discriminatória de serem tratados pela família e sociedade influenciam as percepções das mães de filhos com DI. Assim, objetivando investigar as concepções que mães de jovens com DI têm sobre a sexualidade deles e como elas irão refletir na adoção de práticas de educação sexual, foram entrevistadas 20 mães de adolescentes entre 12 a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de DI, atendidos numa clínica escola localizada no estado do Espírito Santo. Analisando as entrevistas, percebeu-se em 12 respostas, a ideia de ausência de sexualidade na pessoa com DI, trazendo uma postura infantilizadora e superprotetora dessas mães em relação aos filhos, considerando-os com pouca possibilidade de desenvolver interesses e comportamentos sexuais. Quanto às concepções das mães nas manifestações sexuais de seus filhos, 15 delas revelaram entender que a sexualidade deles é diferente da de pessoas sem deficiência intelectual. Percebeu-se que 12 das 20 mães nunca orientaram seus filhos sexualmente, alegando que não compreenderiam. Em geral, as mães não reconhecem uma identidade sexual em seus filhos e, por conseguinte, não fornecem uma educação sexual, reproduzindo a concepção social e cultural que nega a existência da sexualidade quando associada à DI.<br>Adolescence is the transitional phase between childhood and adulthood, an important moment of human development, marked by physical, psychological and social changes at the beginning of sexuality. This moment is often troubled and may be even more so for teenagers with intellectual disability (ID) by confronting preconceptions and mystification established long ago. The infantilizing and discriminatory way they may be treated by family and society influence the perceptions of mothers of children with ID. Thus, to investigate the conceptions that mothers of young people with ID have about their sexuality and how they will reflect the adoption of sexual education practices, 20 mothers of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, of both sexes with a diagnosis of ID were interviewed at a clinical school located in the state of Espírito Santo. Analyzing the interviews, 12 answers indicated the idea of absence of sexuality in the person with ID, fostering an infantilized and overprotective attitude of these mothers to their children; it was considered unlikely that they would develop interest in sex or present sexual behaviors. As for the conceptions of mothers on the sexual manifestations of their children, 15 of them revealed understanding that their sexuality is different from that of people without intellectual disability. It was noted that 12 of the 20 mothers had never oriented their children about sex, saying they would not be capable of understanding. In general, the mothers do not recognize a sexual identity in their children and, therefore, do not provide them with sexual education, reproducing the social and cultural concept that denies the existence of sexuality when associated with ID

Sexualidade e deficiência intelectual: narrativas de pais de adolescentes Sexuality and intellectual handicap: parents' narratives

Pelo senso comum, adolescentes com deficiência intelectual têm a sexualidade exacerbada ou são assexuados. Para conhecer como vivenciam as manifestações sexuais de seus filhos, entrevistamos 14 pais de adolescentes com essa deficiência. A análise das narrativas obtidas foi baseada em autores da antropologia. Nelas, observaram-se os preconceitos e o desconhecimento sobre o tema, bem como a reprodução da ideologia de gênero da nossa sociedade. Nas narrativas dos pais de adolescentes do sexo masculino, a masturbação, a relação sexual e o medo de abuso sexual foram destaques, enquanto nas dos pais das adolescentes privilegiaram-se como tema as mudanças corporais e também o receio de que fossem abusadas sexualmente. A inadequação entre desenvolvimento físico e um comportamento sexual considerado socialmente impróprio também foi alvo de narrativas. Aponta-se a necessidade de ampliação do debate com os adolescentes, seus pais e diversos setores da sociedade para minimizar os preconceitos em relação à sexualidade das pessoas com deficiência intelectual, propiciando a garantia de seus direitos sexuais.<br>By common sense, adolescents with intellectual disabilities have a heightened sexuality or are asexual. To learn how they experience the sexual manifestations of their children, we interviewed 14 parents of adolescents with this deficiency. The analysis of the narratives obtained was based on authors of anthropology. In them, there were prejudices and ignorance on the subject, as well as playing the gender ideology of our society. In the narratives of parents of adolescent males, masturbation, sex and fear of sexual abuse were highlighted, while parents privileged themes such as bodily changes and also the fear that they were sexually abused. The mismatch between physical development and sexual behavior considered socially improper was also the target of narratives. The paper points up the need to expand the discussion with teens, their parents and various sectors of society to minimize biases regarding sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities, providing a guarantee of their sexual rights

The CORALIE survey for southern extrasolar planets: XVIII. Three new massive planets and two low-mass brown dwarfs at greater than 5 AU separation

Context. Since 1998, a planet-search around main sequence stars within 50~pc in the southern hemisphere has been carried out with the CORALIE spectrograph at La Silla Observatory. Aims. With an observing time span of more than 20 years, the CORALIE survey is able to detect long term trends in data with masses and separations large enough to select ideal targets for direct imaging. Detecting these giant companion candidates will allow us to start bridging the gap between radial velocity detected exoplanets and directly imaged planets and brown dwarfs. Methods. Long-term precise Doppler measurements with the CORALIE spectrograph reveal radial velocity signatures of massive planetary companions and brown dwarfs on long-period orbits. Results. In this paper we report the discovery of new companions orbiting HD~181234, HD~13724, HD~25015, HD~92987 and HD~50499. We also report updated orbital parameters for HD~50499b, HD~92788b and HD~98649b. In addition, we confirm the recent detection of HD~92788c. The newly reported companions span a period range of 15.6 to 40.4 years and a mass domain of 2.93 to 26.77 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$, the latter of which straddles the nominal boundary between planets and brown dwarfs. Conclusion. We have reported the detection of five new companions and updated parameters of four known extrasolar planets. We identify at least some of these companions to be promising candidates for imaging and further characterisation