Methodological framework for World Health Organization estimates of the global burden of foodborne disease

Background: The Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (FERG) was established in 2007 by the World Health Organization to estimate the global burden of foodborne diseases (FBDs). This paper describes the methodological framework developed by FERG's Computational Task Force to transform epidemiological information into FBD burden estimates. Methods and Findings: The global and regional burden of 31 FBDs was quantified, along with limited estimates for 5 other FBDs, using Disability-Adjusted Life Years in a hazard- and incidence-based approach. To accomplish this task, the following workflow was defined: outline of disease models and collection of epidemiological data; design and completion of a database template; development of an imputation model; identification of disability weights; probabilistic burden assessment; and estimating the proportion of the disease burden by each hazard that is attributable to exposure by food (i.e., source attribution). All computations were performed in R and the different functions were compiled in the R package 'FERG'. Traceability and transparency were ensured by sharing results and methods in an interactive way with all FERG members throughout the process. Conclusions: We developed a comprehensive framework for estimating the global burden of FBDs, in which methodological simplicity and transparency were key elements. All the tools developed have been made available and can be translated into a user-friendly national toolkit for studying and monitoring food safety at the local level

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Les dimensions intrafamiliales du rapport à la terre

Introduction Les rapports au sein de la famille et du réseau de parenté relativement au contenu des droits fonciers, de leur distribution, de leur transférabilité et de leur sécurisation constituent une dimension centrale des questions foncières. Ils ont des incidences majeures sur les usages productifs de la terre, ou encore sur les tensions et conflits autour du foncier qui peuvent se manifester à différentes échelles (cf. chap. 6 et 8). Ces rapports renvoient à des logiques tant productive..

Phytothérapie et sphère hépatobiliaire (place dans l'arsenal thérapeutique actuel)

Les dyspepsies et les troubles de la sphère hépatobiliaire font fréquemment l'objet de demandes de conseils au comptoir et la phytothérapie a tout à fait sa place dans leur prise en charge. Ce travail répertorie les principales plantes auxquelles sont attribuées des propriétés sur le foie ou la vésicule biliaire et regroupe les études cliniques menées dans ce domaine. Il se veut être un outil pour le pharmacien d'officine afin de répondre au mieux aux attentes de ses patients.RENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Exploitation d'images tomographiques RX pour l'analyse de la structure interne des gourmands de chêne. Procédure d'utilisation du plugin "Gourmands" avec ImageJ

Cette note explique le fonctionnement du plugin Gourmand, créé par Frédéric Mothe. Utilisé avec le logiciel ImageJ, il permet d'exploiter des images tomographiques RX de billons de Chênes, pour connaitre la structure interne des gourmands. Il permet ainsi de positionner ces gourmands, mais aussi les branches, bourgeons ou picots du billon de chêne dans le but d'en obtenir une image 3D grâce à un second logiciel, Bil3D

Entraîner la syntaxe : Bénéfices linguistiques et cognitifs chez les enfants avec TDL via une étude de cas multiples

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Entraîner la syntaxe :bénéfices linguistiques et cognitifs chez les enfants avec TDL via une étude de cas multiples

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Is sleep playing a role in the consolidation of new phonological categories?

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe