Amazônia na encruzilhada

Resenha do livro Amazônia: encruzilhada civilizatória. Tensões territoriais em curso, de Carlos Walter Porto-Gonçalves. Rio de Janeiro: Consequência, 2017. 111 pp., ISBN 978-8-5694-3720-8

Estudo Quantitativo de Ambiente: O Oeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

This paper is an environmental quantitative study: The Western portion of the State of Rio de Janeiro, based on multiple features. The objective was to give basic information to the environment management of the area. In this study, considering regional differenciations, the experimental units (grid squares of 4 km²) were grouped into units based on topography. Environmental analyses (caracterizations and investigations of the correlation structures) of each topographical unit as well as the comparison among them were made feasible through statistical techniquesenumerations of descriptive statistics, correlation, factor and cluster analyses - which numerically confirmed the consistency of the units of relief previously defined.This paper is an environmental quantitative study: The Western portion of the State of Rio de Janeiro, based on multiple features. The objective was to give basic information to the environment management of the area. In this study, considering regional differenciations, the experimental units (grid squares of 4 km²) were grouped into units based on topography. Environmental analyses (caracterizations and investigations of the correlation structures) of each topographical unit as well as the comparison among them were made feasible through statistical techniquesenumerations of descriptive statistics, correlation, factor and cluster analyses - which numerically confirmed the consistency of the units of relief previously defined.

As políticas federais e reconfigurações espaciais na Amazônia

This paper analyzes the social and spatial repercussions of federal policies designed for the Brazilian Eastern Amazon region, in the 20th century. Initially, the paper examines the attempts to re-establish, at a regional level, the dynamics of the rubber production. The new policies developed implemented after the military coup of 1964 and the new policies for the region, adopted after the military regime, as well as the new institutional approach are also analyzed. We conclude with the distribution of federal policies in two large groups, according to their strategy principles: one based on the efficiency of state intervention in the development processes, and another based in the efficiency of the market forces.Neste artigo, analisam-se as repercussões sociais e espaciais das políticas federais dirigidas para a Amazônia oriental brasileira no século XX. Inicialmente são tratadas as tentativas de se restabelecer o dinamismo da produção gomífera. Em seguida, são abordados os desdobramentos das políticas do pósguerra. Analisam-se ainda as novas políticas federais para a região implantadas após o golpe militar de 1964. Também são examinadas as políticas federais adotadas com o fim dos governos militares. Concluise com a distribuição das políticas federais em dois grandes grupos, segundo seus fundamentos estratégicos: um baseado na eficácia da intervenção estatal nos processos de desenvolvimento e outro baseado na eficiência das forças do mercado

As economias extrativas e o subdesenvolvimento da Amazônia brasileira: contribuições do Prof. Stephen Bunker

This article is a tribute to Professor Stephen Bunker, who recently passed away. The general aim of this pioece is to analyze the role played by his work in the history of studies about the Brazilian Amazon region. We discuss Prof. Bunker’s empirical and theoretical-interpretative model that was elaborated in the context of the debate on the regional development in the period from 1975 to 2005. Prof. Stephen Bunker became well known as a Brazilianist for his study of the extractive regions and for the importance and originality of his explanatory model of the under-development of areas well-endowed with raw materials.Este texto é uma homenagem dos Novos Cadenos do NAEA ao Prof. Stephen Bunker, recentemente falecido. O objetivo geral é refletir sobre a obra do professor, que desempenhou um importante papel na história das idéias sobre a Região Amazônica brasileira, ressaltando o modelo empírico e teórico-interpretativo desse intelectual, elaborado no contexto do debate sobre o desenvolvimento regional no período de 1975 a 2005. O Prof. Stephen Bunker consagrou-se como um brasilianista especialista no exame das “economias extrativas”, pelo valor de seu modelo explicativo do subdesenvolvimento das regiões ricas em matérias-primas

Redes de distribuição de energia e desenvolvimento regional na Amazônia Oriental

There is a common belief in that electricity availability is associated with economic growth, or even with local/regional development. This paper examines the relation between the expansion of electricity distribution networks and other logistic networks with regional development. Changes in city size and evolution of electricity consumption patterns are particularly related, and are the main indicators of such relation, pointing towards social and spatial restructuring trends in the southeast of Pará. The result is that inequalities are still present, despite the expansion of electricity distribution networks. We therefore conclude that regional development depends on the extent of logistic networks throughout the territory, although this does not assure decentralization effects nor the (re)structuring of economic activities in the southeast of Pará, particularly in the eastern Amazon area.Há no senso comum a visão que disponibilidade de energia está associada à crescimento econômico, ou mesmo, com desenvolvimento local/regional. A questão a ser abordada neste artigo é a relação entre a expansão das redes de distribuição de energia elétrica e das demais redes logísticas com o desenvolvimento regional. Particularmente, relacionamos mudanças no tamanho das cidades e a evolução da estrutura de consumo de energia, tomadas como os principais indicadores dessa relação, de modo a entrever algumas tendências de reestruturação sócio-espacial no Sudeste do Pará. O resultado, porém, foi que, não obstante a expansão da rede de distribuição de energia elétrica, o problema da desigualdade permanece. Concluímos ainda que o desenvolvimento regional depende do grau de cobertura do território pelas redes logísticas, sem garantia, contudo, de que a emergência destas redes sejam acompanhadas por efeitos de descentralização e (re)estruturação das atividades econômica no Sudeste do Pará, em específico, e na Amazônia oriental, em geral

Regiões do entorno dos projetos de extração e transformação mineral na Amazônia Oriental

The tentative strategies in the modernization of Brazilian Oriental Amazon happened frequently to the induction in the spatial concentration of great amount of capitals and it resulted the appearance of large mineral-metallurgic plants in the region. The article analyses the main changes occurring in the cities around the mineral extraction and transformation operations contrary to the governmental predictions that there was limited capacity for these activities to promote the quality of life in this region.Tentativas estratégicas de modernização para a Amazônia Oriental brasileira recorreram com freqüência à indução da concentração espacial de grandes volumes de capitais, e delas resultou o surgimento de grandes plantas mínero-metalúrgicas na região. Face ao que, o artigo analisa as principais mudanças ocorridas nos municípios situados no entorno dos projetos de extração e transformação mineral e indicando que, contrariamente às predições governamentais, há limitada capacidade destas atividades dinamizarem este entorno

OURO, EMPRESAS E GARIMPEIROS NA AMAZÔNIA: o caso emblemático de Serra Pelada

A elevação do preço do ouro, verificada nos anos 1980 e 2000, repercutiu nas estratégias de atuação de garimpeiros e de empresas mineradoras de maneira diferenciada na Amazônia em cada um destes momentos históricos. O artigo indica que as modificações nas estratégias destes agentes guardam relação direta com aexistência de mudanças de duas ordens: na conformação geológica dos depósitos explotados, e no ambiente político e institucional. A conjugação destes fatores colaboroupara que garimpeiros passassem a estabelecer associações com empresas mineradoras, e estas, por sua vez, passaram a evitar o confronto direto e a construiruma política mais favorável aos interesses e direitos dos garimpeiros. É neste contexto que o artigo discute o caso do garimpo de Serra Pelada como representativodestes novos padrões.Palavras-chave: Amazônia. Mineração. Ouro. Garimpagem.Serra Pelada.ABSTRACTThe high price of gold, for the 1980s and 2000s, reflected in the strategies of action of gold miners and mining companies differently in the Amazon in each of these historical moments. The article indicates that the changes in the strategies of these agents are directly relatedto the existence of changes of two kinds: the geologic conformation of exploited deposits and the political and institutional environment. The combination of these factors caused the gold miners to look for the ties with mining companies, and these, in turn, were avoiding directconfrontation and not routinely violate the interests and rights of gold miners. In this context, the article discusses the case of the Serra Pelada gold mining as representative of these new standards.Keywords: Amazon. Mining. Gold. Gold mining.Serra Pelad

Patient-physician discordance in assessment of adherence to inhaled controller medication: a cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts

We aimed to compare patient's and physician's ratings of inhaled medication adherence and to identify predictors of patient-physician discordance.(SFRH/BPD/115169/2016) funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT); ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) through the operations: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029130 ('mINSPIRERS—mHealth to measure and improve adherence to medication in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases—generalisation and evaluation of gamification, peer support and advanced image processing technologies') cofunded by the COMPETE2020 (Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização), Portugal 2020 and by Portuguese Funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio