In-host evolution of Staphylococcus epidermidis in a pacemaker-associated endocarditis resulting in increased antibiotic tolerance

Treatment failure in biofilm-associated bacterial infections is an important healthcare issue. In vitro studies and mouse models suggest that bacteria enter a slow-growing/non-growing state that results in transient tolerance to antibiotics in the absence of a specific resistance mechanism. However, little clinical confirmation of antibiotic tolerant bacteria in patients exists. In this study we investigate a Staphylococcus epidermidis pacemaker-associated endocarditis, in a patient who developed a break-through bacteremia despite taking antibiotics to which the S. epidermidis isolate is fully susceptible in vitro. Characterization of the clinical S. epidermidis isolates reveals in-host evolution over the 16-week infection period, resulting in increased antibiotic tolerance of the entire population due to a prolonged lag time until growth resumption and a reduced growth rate. Furthermore, we observe adaptation towards an increased biofilm formation capacity and genetic diversification of the S. epidermidis isolates within the patient

Discovery and mapping of a new expressed sequence tag-single nucleotide polymorphism and simple sequence repeat panel for large-scale genetic studies and breeding of Theobroma cacao L.

Theobroma cacao is an economically important tree of several tropical countries. Its genetic improvement is essential to provide protection against major diseases and improve chocolate quality. We discovered and mapped new expressed sequence tag-single nucleotide polymorphism (EST-SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and constructed a high-density genetic map. By screening 149 650 ESTs, 5246 SNPs were detected in silico, of which 1536 corresponded to genes with a putative function, while 851 had a clear polymorphic pattern across a collection of genetic resources. In addition, 409 new SSR markers were detected on the Criollo genome. Lastly, 681 new EST-SNPs and 163 new SSRs were added to the pre-existing 418 co-dominant markers to construct a large consensus genetic map. This high-density map and the set of new genetic markers identified in this study are a milestone in cocoa genomics and for marker-assisted breeding. The data are available at http://tropgenedb.cirad.fr

Deciphering the genome structure and paleohistory of _Theobroma cacao_

We sequenced and assembled the genome of _Theobroma cacao_, an economically important tropical fruit tree crop that is the source of chocolate. The assembly corresponds to 76% of the estimated genome size and contains almost all previously described genes, with 82% of them anchored on the 10 _T. cacao_ chromosomes. Analysis of this sequence information highlighted specific expansion of some gene families during evolution, for example flavonoid-related genes. It also provides a major source of candidate genes for _T. cacao_ disease resistance and quality improvement. Based on the inferred paleohistory of the T. cacao genome, we propose an evolutionary scenario whereby the ten _T. cacao_ chromosomes were shaped from an ancestor through eleven chromosome fusions. The _T. cacao_ genome can be considered as a simple living relic of higher plant evolution

The beta Pictoris system: Setting constraints on the planet and the disk structures at mid-IR wavelengths with NEAR

[abridged] We analyzed mid-infrared high-contrast coronagraphic images of the beta Pictoris system, taking advantage of the NEAR experiment using the VLT/VISIR instrument. The goal of our analysis is to investigate both the detection of the planet beta Pictoris b and of the disk features at mid-IR wavelengths. In addition, by combining several epochs of observation, we expect to constrain the position of the known clumps and improve our knowledge on the dynamics of the disk. To evaluate the planet b flux contribution, we extracted the photometry and compared it to the flux published in the literature. In addition, we used previous data from T-ReCS and VISIR, to study the evolution of the position of the southwest clump that was initially observed in the planetary disk back in 2003. While we did not detect the planet b, we were able to put constraints on the presence of circumplanetary material, ruling out the equivalent of a Saturn-like planetary ring around the planet. The disk presents several noticeable structures, including the known southwest clump. Using a 16-year baseline, sampled with five epochs of observations, we were able to examine the evolution of the clump: the clump orbits in a Keplerian motion with an sma of 56.1+-0.4 au. In addition to the known clump, the images clearly show the presence of a second clump on the northeast side of the disk and fainter and closer structures that are yet to be confirmed. We found correlations between the CO clumps detected with ALMA and the mid-IR images. If the circumplanetary material were located at the Roche radius, the maximum amount of dust determined from the flux upper limit around beta Pictoris b would correspond to the mass of an asteroid of 5 km in diameter. Finally, the Keplerian motion of the southwestern clump is possibly indicative of a yet-to-be-detected planet or signals the presence of a vortex.Comment: Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Technologies de santé en communs : fiables, abordables, adaptables

6 humains sur 10 n'ont pas accès ou n'adhèrent pas aux soins, malgré les investissements. Le désinfectant pour les mains et WikiMed illustrent que la création avec les communautés d'équipements et logiciels librement reproductibles peut : sauver des millions de vies, accroître l'intégrité, réduire les coûts de 90%. Coopérer est le seul moyen de réaliser à temps l'agenda 2030 : la santé pour tou·te·s. Nous présentons neuf alternatives à l'innovation exclusive, pour une société responsable et solidaire. Nous discutons aussi de vieillissement, politiques publiques, systèmes qualité, cryptomonnaies

সর্ব সাধারনের জন্য সাস্থ্য প্রযুক্তিঃ বিশ্বাসযোগ্য,সাশ্রয়ী,অভিযোজনযোগ্য

বিনিয়োগ বৃদ্ধি সত্ত্বেও এখন পর্যন্ত প্রতি ১০ জনের মধ্যে ৬ জনের স্বাস্থ্যের যত্ন নেই, অথবা নিজেরাও যত্ন নেয় না. অ্যালকোহল ভিত্তিক হ্যান্ড স্যানিটাইজার এবং উইকিমেড দেখায় কিভাবে পুনর্ব্যবহারযোগ্য উপকরন এবং সফটওয়্যার উৎপাদন একটি সম্প্রদায়ের লক্ষ লক্ষ মানুষের জীবন বাঁচাতে, বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্যতা বৃদ্ধি এবং ৯০ শতাংশ খরচ কমাতে পারে।সবার মধ্যে সমন্বয় সাধনই হলো ২০৩০ এজেন্ডাকে বাস্তবায়িত করার একমাত্র পন্থাঃ সবার জন্য সাস্থ্য. আমরা উন্নয়নশীল,দায়িত্ববান এবং ঐক্যবদ্ধ সমাজ গড়তে উদ্ভাবনীয় মডেলের বাইরেও ৯ টি বিকল্প প্রদান করে থাকি। আমরা বার্ধক্য,জননীতি,গুনমান ব্যবস্থাপনা এবং ক্রিপ্টোকারেন্সি বিষয়েও পরামর্শ দিয়ে থাকি

आमजन-स्वामित्व के रूप में स्वास्थ्य प्रौद्योगिकी: विश्वसनीय, अनुकूल एवं किफ़ायती

निवेशों में वृद्धि होने के बावजूद, अभी तक 10 में से 6 व्यक्ति के पास स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं की पहुँच नहीं है, न ही वे देखभाल के प्रति कर्तव्य का पालन करते हैं। एल्कोहॉल आधारित हाथ सफाई और विकीमेड ने यह दिखाया है कि किस प्रकार से ‘मुक्त पुनरुत्पादनीय उपकरण’ और सॉफ्टवेयर के निर्माण से लाखों लोगों की जान बचायी जा सकती है, वैज्ञानिक प्रमाणिकता में वृद्धि की जा सकती है और लागत को 90% तक कम किया जा सकता है। एजेंडा 2030- ‘सभी के लिए स्वास्थ्य’ को समय से क्रियान्वयन के लिए सहयोगात्मक देखरेख एकमात्र विकल्प है। जिम्मेदार एवं सशक्त समाज के निर्माण हेतु हम नवाचार मॉडल के अतिरिक्त नौ प्रमुख विकल्पों को प्रस्तुत करते हैं: हम बुजुर्गों, सार्वजनिक नीतियों, गुणवत्तापूर्ण प्रणाली एवं क्रिप्टोकरेंसी पर भी चर्चा करते हैं

A tecnologia de saúde como comuns: confiável, acessível, adaptável

6 em cada 10 humanos ainda não têm acesso aos cuidados, ou não aderem a eles, apesar do aumento dos investimentos. Rub e WikiMed à base de álcool ilustram como a criação de equipamentos e softwares reproduzíveis gratuitamente com as comunidades pode: salvar milhões de vidas, aumentar a integridade, cortar custos em 90%. O cuidado orientado pela cooperação é a única maneira de cumprir a agenda 2030 a tempo: saúde para todos. Apresentamos nove alternativas para o modelo dominante de inovação excluindo proprietário, impulsionar o desenvolvimento para uma sociedade responsável e solidária. Também discutimos envelhecimento, políticas públicas, sistemas de qualidade e criptomoedas

La tecnología de la salud como común: confiable, asequible, adaptable

6 de cada 10 humanos todavía no tienen acceso a la atención o no la cumplen, a pesar del aumento de las inversiones. El desinfectante para manos a base de alcohol y WikiMed ilustran cómo la creación de equipos y software libremente reproducibles con las comunidades puede: salvar millones de vidas, aumentar la integridad, reducir los costos en un 90%. La atención impulsada por la cooperación es la única forma de hacer realidad la agenda 2030 a tiempo: salud para todos. Presentamos nueve alternativas al modelo dominante de innovación excluyente patentada, impulsar el desarrollo hacia una sociedad solidaria y responsable. También discutimos el envejecimiento, las políticas públicas, la calidad y las criptomonedas

公有制下的健康科技: 可信赖, 可负担, 可适应

尽管与日俱增的投资世界上每10个人当中的6个人仍然不能享有基本的关爱,或没有能力依赖于照顾。酒精消毒搓手液方案和维基医疗百科 说明了社区共同创造的可再生的硬件以及软件将:拯救百万生命,提高完整性,并减少90%的成本。 合作驱动是唯一能及时实现2030议程的途径: 让人人享有健康。 为了推动发展并建设有责任又有团结的社会,我们将呈现独家创新的九种代替方案。 除此之外,我们还关注老龄化、公共政策、质量体系和加密货币