90 research outputs found
Effectiveness of surface coatings containing silver ions in bacterial decontamination in a recovery unit
Higher occurrence of nausea and vomiting after total hip arthroplasty using general versus spinal anesthesia: an observational study.
BACKGROUND: Under the assumption that postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) may occur after total hip arthroplasty (THA) regardless of the anesthetic technique used, it is not clear whether general (GA) or spinal (SA) anesthesia has higher causal effect on this occurrence. Conflicting results have been reported.
METHODS: In this observational study, we selected all elective THA interventions performed in adults between 1999 and 2008 in a Swiss orthopedic clinic under general or spinal anesthesia. To assess the effect of anesthesia type on the occurrence of PONV, we used the propensity score and matching methods, which allowed us to emulate the design and results of an RCT.
RESULTS: Among 3922 procedures, 1984 (51Â %) patients underwent GA, of which 4.1Â % experienced PONV, and 1938 underwent SA, of which 3.5Â % experienced PONV. We found that the average treatment effect on the treated, i.e. the effect of anesthesia type for a sample of individuals that actually received spinal anesthesia compared to individuals who received GA, was ATETâ=â2.00Â % [95Â % CI, 0.78-3.19Â %], which translated into an ORâ=â1.97 [95Â % CI 1.35; 2.87].
CONCLUSION: This suggests that the type of anesthesia is not neutral regarding PONV, general anesthesia being more strongly associated with PONV than spinal anesthesia in orthopedic surgery
Expression and function of G-protein-coupled receptorsin the male reproductive tract
This review focuses on the expression and function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), α1-adrenoceptors and relaxin receptors in the male reproductive tract. The localization and differential expression of mAChR and α1-adrenoceptor subtypes in specific compartments of the efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate of various species indicate a role for these receptors in the modulation of luminal fluid composition and smooth muscle contraction, including effects on male fertility. Furthermore, the activation of mAChRs induces transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the Sertoli cell proliferation. The relaxin receptors are present in the testis, RXFP1 in elongated spermatids and Sertoli cells from rat, and RXFP2 in Leydig and germ cells from rat and human, suggesting a role for these receptors in the spermatogenic process. The localization of both receptors in the apical portion of epithelial cells and smooth muscle layers of the vas deferens suggests an involvement of these receptors in the contraction and regulation of secretion.Esta revisĂŁo enfatiza a expressĂŁo e a função dos receptores muscarĂnicos, adrenoceptores α1 e receptores para relaxina no sistema reprodutor masculino. A expressĂŁo dos receptores muscarĂnicos e adrenoceptores α1 em compartimentos especĂficos de dĂșctulos eferentes, epidĂdimo, ductos deferentes, vesĂcula seminal e prĂłstata de vĂĄrias espĂ©cies indica o envolvimento destes receptores na modulação da composição do fluido luminal e na contração do mĂșsculo liso, incluindo efeitos na fertilidade masculina. AlĂ©m disso, a ativação dos receptores muscarĂnicos leva Ă transativação do receptor para o fator crescimento epidermal e proliferação das cĂ©lulas de Sertoli. Os receptores para relaxina estĂŁo presentes no testĂculo, RXFP1 nas espermĂĄtides alongadas e cĂ©lulas de Sertoli de rato e RXFP2 nas cĂ©lulas de Leydig e germinativas de ratos e humano, sugerindo o envolvimento destes receptores no processo espermatogĂȘnico. A localização de ambos os receptores na porção apical das cĂ©lulas epiteliais e no mĂșsculo liso dos ductos deferentes de rato sugere um papel na contração e na regulação da secreção.Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂłgico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de SĂŁo Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de FarmacologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de FarmacologiaSciEL
Expression and pharmacological inhibition of TrkB and EGFR in glioblastoma
A member of the Trk family of neurotrophin receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB, encoded by the NTRK2 gene) is an increasingly important target in various cancer types, including glioblastoma (GBM). EGFR is among the most frequently altered oncogenes in GBM, and EGFR inhibition has been tested as an experimental therapy. Functional interactions between EGFR and TrkB have been demonstrated. In the present study, we investigated the role of TrkB and EGFR, and their interactions, in GBM. Analyses of NTRK2 and EGFR gene expression from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets showed an increase in NTRK2 expression in the proneural subtype of GBM, and a strong correlation between NTRK2 and EGFR expression in glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP+) samples. We showed that when TrkB and EGFR inhibitors were combined, the inhibitory effect on A172 human GBM cells was more pronounced than when either inhibitor was given alone. When U87MG GBM cells were xenografted into the flank of nude mice, tumor growth was delayed by treatment with TrkB and EGFR inhibitors, given alone or combined, only at specific time points. Intracranial GBM growth in mice was not significantly affected by drug treatments. Our findings indicate that correlations between NTRK2 and EGFR expression occur in specific GBM subgroups. Also, our results using cultured cells suggest for the first time the potential of combining TrkB and EGFR inhibition for the treatment of GBM
Genome-Wide Interaction Analyses between Genetic Variants and Alcohol Consumption and Smoking for Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genetic susceptibility loci
for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, variants in these loci explain only a small proportion
of familial aggregation, and there are likely additional variants that are associated with CRC
susceptibility. Genome-wide studies of gene-environment interactions may identify variants
that are not detected in GWAS of marginal gene effects. To study this, we conducted a
genome-wide analysis for interaction between genetic variants and alcohol consumption
and cigarette smoking using data from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR) and the
Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO). Interactions were
tested using logistic regression. We identified interaction between CRC risk and alcohol
consumption and variants in the 9q22.32/HIATL1 (Pinteraction = 1.76Ă10â8; permuted pvalue
3.51x10-8) region. Compared to non-/occasional drinking light to moderate alcohol
consumption was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer among individuals with
rs9409565 CT genotype (OR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.74±0.91]; P = 2.1Ă10â4) and TT genotypes
(OR,0.62 [95% CI, 0.51±0.75]; P = 1.3Ă10â6) but not associated among those with the CC
genotype (p = 0.059). No genome-wide statistically significant interactions were observed
for smoking. If replicated our suggestive finding of a genome-wide significant interaction
between genetic variants and alcohol consumption might contribute to understanding colorectal
cancer etiology and identifying subpopulations with differential susceptibility to the
effect of alcohol on CRC risk
Laser Angioplasty in Miniature Swine: Advantages of a Modified Fiber Tip Delivery System
Energy Dissipation Characteristics in Pre-strained Silicone Foam Transitioning to Silicone Rubber
Electromagnetic Field Focusing (EFF) Probe: Applications in Aneurysm Treatment, Angioplasty, and Brain Tumor Resection
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