47 research outputs found
Measurement of the average time-integrated mixing probability of b-flavored hadrons produced at the Tevatron
We have measured the number of like-sign (LS) and opposite-sign (OS) lepton
pairs arising from double semileptonic decays of and -hadrons,
pair-produced at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The data samples were
collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) during the 1992-1995
collider run by triggering on the existence of and candidates
in an event. The observed ratio of LS to OS dileptons leads to a measurement of
the average time-integrated mixing probability of all produced -flavored
hadrons which decay weakly, (stat.)
(syst.), that is significantly larger than the world average .Comment: 47 pages, 10 figures, 15 tables Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Search for Kaluza-Klein Graviton Emission in Collisions at TeV using the Missing Energy Signature
We report on a search for direct Kaluza-Klein graviton production in a data
sample of 84 of \ppb collisions at = 1.8 TeV, recorded
by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We investigate the final state of large
missing transverse energy and one or two high energy jets. We compare the data
with the predictions from a -dimensional Kaluza-Klein scenario in which
gravity becomes strong at the TeV scale. At 95% confidence level (C.L.) for
=2, 4, and 6 we exclude an effective Planck scale below 1.0, 0.77, and 0.71
TeV, respectively.Comment: Submitted to PRL, 7 pages 4 figures/Revision includes 5 figure
Projection of participant recruitment to primary care research: a qualitative study.
BACKGROUND: Recruitment to clinical trials remains a challenge, particularly in primary care settings. Initial projections of participant recruitment need to be as accurate as possible in order to avoid the financial, clinical and ethical costs of trial extensions or failures. However, estimation of recruitment rates is challenging and often poorly executed, if attempted at all. We used qualitative methods to explore the experiences and views of researchers on the planning of recruitment in this setting.
METHODS: Participants had registered accrual to a UK-based primary care research study between April 2009 and March 2012. We conducted nine interviews with chief investigators or study managers, using a semi-structured topic guide. Analysis was conducted using the framework approach.
RESULTS: Three themes are presented: 1) the factors affecting recruitment rates, 2) the use of planning techniques, and 3) influences on poor estimation. 1) A large number of factors affecting recruitment rates were discussed, including those relating to the study protocol, the clinical setting and the research setting. Use of targeted mail-outs to invite apparently eligible individuals to participate was preferred in order to eliminate some of the uncertainty in the recruitment rate associated with opportunistic clinician referrals. 2) The importance of pilot work was stressed. We identified significant uncertainty as to how best to schedule trial timelines to maximise efficiency. 3) Several potential sources of bias involved in the estimation of recruitment rates were explored and framed as technological, psychological or political factors.
CONCLUSIONS: We found a large number of factors that interviewees felt impact recruitment rates to primary care research and highlighted the complexity of realistic estimation. Suitable early planning of the recruitment process is essential, and there may be potential to improve the projection of trial timelines by reducing biases involved in the process. Further research is needed to develop formal approaches that would be suitable for use in this setting
From inflammaging to healthy aging by dietary lifestyle choices: is epigenetics the key to personalized nutrition?
An L"2[0,1] invariance principle for LPQD random variables
Using an explicit isometry between Hilbert spaces and an embedding of the space of signed measures we prove an invariance principle with weak convergence in L"2[0,1] for random variables which are linearly positive quadrant dependent under type condition and some regularity on the covariance structureAvailable from Departamento de Matematica, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal / FCT - Fundação para o Ciência e a TecnologiaSIGLEPTPortuga
An invariance principle in L"2(0,1) for non stationary ?-mixing sequences
Invariance principle in l"2(0,1) is studied using signed random measures. This approach to the problem uses an explicit isometry between L"2(0,1) and a reproducing kernel Hilbert space giving a very convenient setting for the study of compactness and convergence of the sequence of Donsker functions. As an application, we prove a L"2(0,1) version of the invariance in the case of ?-mixing random variables. Our result is not available in the D(0,1)-settingAvailable from Departamento de Matematica, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal / FCT - Fundação para o Ciência e a TecnologiaSIGLEPTPortuga
4-Nitrobenzene Grafted in Porous Silicon: Application to Optical Lithography
In this work, we report a method to process porous silicon to improve
its chemical resistance to alkaline solution attacks based on the
functionalization of the pore surface by the electrochemical reduction
of 4-nitrobenzendiazonium salt. This method provides porous silicon with
strong resistance to the etching solutions used in optical lithography
and allows the fabrication of tailored metallic contacts on its surface.
The samples were studied by chemical, electrochemical, and morphological
methods. We demonstrate that the grafted samples show a resistance to
harsh alkaline solution more than three orders of magnitude larger than
that of pristine porous silicon, being mostly unmodified after about 40
min. The samples maintained open pores after the grafting, making them
suitable for further treatments like filling by polymers. Optical
lithography was performed on the functionalized samples, and
electrochemical characterization results are shown.In this work, we report a method to process porous silicon to improve
its chemical resistance to alkaline solution attacks based on the
functionalization of the pore surface by the electrochemical reduction
of 4-nitrobenzendiazonium salt. This method provides porous silicon with
strong resistance to the etching solutions used in optical lithography
and allows the fabrication of tailored metallic contacts on its surface.
The samples were studied by chemical, electrochemical, and morphological
methods. We demonstrate that the grafted samples show a resistance to
harsh alkaline solution more than three orders of magnitude larger than
that of pristine porous silicon, being mostly unmodified after about 40
min. The samples maintained open pores after the grafting, making them
suitable for further treatments like filling by polymers. Optical
lithography was performed on the functionalized samples, and
electrochemical characterization results are shown