The metabolism of plant glucosinolates by gut bacteria

Glucosinolates found in cruciferous vegetables are degraded by plant myrosinases into bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs) which have been recognised as potent anticancer compounds. During cooking, plant myrosinases are heat inactivated so ITC production is dependent on the myrosinase-like enzymes produced by the gut bacteria. This study is focused on investigating glucosinolate metabolism by the human gut bacteria and identifying the enzymes that play a crucial role. Human gut bacteria that were previously reported to metabolise glucosinolates were investigated in this study. In addition, 98 more human gut strains were isolated using a glucoraphanin enrichment method. It was hypothesised that bacterial myrosinases are β-glucosidases with specificity for glucosinolates. To identify the first bacterial myrosinase from the human gut, four putative β-glucosidases from Enterococcus casseliflavus CP1 and Escherichia coli FI10944 were cloned and heterologously expressed in E. coli. An alternative approach using a combination of ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration was also carried out to identify the bacterial myrosinase of E. coli FI109444. It has been reported that some gut bacteria require a reduction step to metabolise methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolates (such as glucoraphanin) that converts them into methylthioalkyl glucosinolates (such as glucoerucin) to produce ITCs. To identify the responsible reductase, candidate reductase genes were cloned and expressed in E. coli. Methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) from Escherichia coli VL8 and Lactobacillus agilis R16 was found to reduce glucoraphanin to glucoerucin under the conditions tested. A bacterial myrosinase of Citrobacter WYE1 of soil origin was previously identified and myrosinase activity of this enzyme was characterised using cell-free extracts. In this study the myrosinase gene was heterologously expressed in E. coli to allow purification and characterisation. The recombinant enzyme showed activity against several glucosinolate substrates and protein was produced for crystallographic studies

Do the Patient Expectations Affect Their Satisfaction and Functional Outcomes?: A Systematic Review

Purpose: In this systematic review, it was aimed to systematically examine the studies that evaluate the relationship between patients’ expectations from lumbar spinal surgery and postoperative satisfaction and/or functional results. Materials and Methods: The databases, which were Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science, were scanned using keywords in English, and ULAKBIM National Databases were scanned using keywords in Turkish between 2nd May and 15th May 2019. Of the 1250 studies, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Although some reports claim a relationship between patients’ expectations and satisfaction and functional results, there are also others emphasizing the opposite. However, patients with positive expectations of their general state of health, lower back and leg pain, activity, and recovery also had higher satisfaction levels. Most studies indicate that positive expectations are significantly related to postoperative satisfaction and functional results. Conclusion: As a result of this systematic review, it was seen that preoperative expectations were associated with postoperative satisfaction and functional results. Closing the gap between the expectations of the patients and the actual outcomes is important for improving clinical results, increasing satisfaction, and reducing patient complaints

One-year Body Mass Index Change in Adult Renal Transplant Recipients and Its Relationship with Glomerular Filtration Rate and Creatinine Level: A Retrospective Study

Objective: Renal transplantation is a challenging process for the recipients. One of the important problems in this process is unwanted weight gain. This study aimed to determine the change in body mass index (BMI) and to evaluate the effect of recipient characteristics on BMI during one-year period after renal transplantation. Methods: The article was conducted in a retrospective design. In the study, files of 170 patients who underwent renal transplantation between 2015 and 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. T-test, ANOVA, and correlation analysis were used in the analysis of data. Results: It was determined that the patients had a tendency to have increased BMI after transplantation, with a higher rate in the first three months. The increase in BMI was higher in singles than in married participants (p=0.01 and p0.05). Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that the increase in BMI was higher especially in the first three months after renal transplantation. For this reason, it is an important requirement to address the counseling and support to patients and their relatives regarding weight management in the early period

Avocado-Soybean Unsaponifiables: A Panoply of Potentialities to Be Exploited

Avocado and soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) constitute vegetable extracts made from fruits and seeds of avocado and soybean oil. Characterized by its potent anti-inflammatory effects, this ASU mixture is recommended to act as an adjuvant treatment for osteoarthritic pain and slow-acting symptomatic treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis; autoimmune diseases; diffuse scleroderma and scleroderma-like states (e.g., morphea, sclerodactyly, scleroderma in bands). Besides, it was reported that it can improve the mood and quality of life of postmenopausal women in reducing menopause-related symptoms. This article aims to summarize the studies on biological effects of the avocado-soybean unsaponifiable, its chemical composition, pharmacotherapy as well as applications in auto-immune, osteoarticular and menopausal disorders. Finally, we will also discuss on its safety, toxicological and regulatory practices

Ameliyathane Hemşirelerinin Basınç Yaralanmalarını Önlemeye Yönelik Bilgi ve Uygulamaları

Cebeci, F. Knowledge and Practices of Operating Room Nurses for Prevention of Pressure Injuries. Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Surgical Nursing Program Master Thesis, Ankara, 2018. This study was conducted as a descriptive study to determine the level of knowledge and practice of operating room nurses about pressure injuries. The sample of the study consisted of 234 operating room nurses working in 8 public hospitals located in the city center of Ankara. During the data collection, “identifying characteristics of nurses”, “Practices to Prevent Pressure Injuries” and “Knowledge status of Operating Room Nurses about Pressure Injuries” survey forms were used. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H and exact chi-square tests. The average age of the participating nurses was determined as 36,15±6,03, 91,5% of the participants were female and 66,2% of the participants had bachelor's degree. It was determined that 66.7% of the nurses were educated during the basic nursing education and 41.5% were educated about pressure injury after graduation. It was found that 9% of the nurses read articles and 2.6% read the pressure injury guide. It was determined that 97.4% of the nurses used a guide as a source and 97.9% did not use a scale to evaluate pressure injury risk. It was determined that 81.5% of the nurses did not receive risky patient's information and 92.3% did not record risk assessment and prevention interventions. The mean score of the nurses' responses to the pressure injury questionnaire was 52.09±13,76. The lowest score average was 'staging' and the highest score was 'injuries prevention attempts'. It was suggested that pressure injury education should take part in basic nursing education and in-service training programs, current guidelines should be in institutional policies and procedures, appropriate risk assesment scales or evaluation forms should be available and the registration system should be established.İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa No ONAY SAYFASI iii YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI iv ETİK BEYAN v TEŞEKKÜR vi ÖZET vii ABSTRACT viii İÇİNDEKİLER ix KISALTMALAR xii TABLOLAR xiii 1. GİRİŞ 1 1.1. Problem Tanımı ve Önemi 1 1.2. Araştırmanın Amacı 5 1.3. Araştırma Soruları 5 2. GENEL BİLGİLER 6 2.1. Basınç Yaralanmasının Tanımı 6 2.2. Basınç Yaralanmalarının Etiyolojisi 6 2.2.1. Dışsal Faktörler 6 2.2.2. İçsel Risk Faktörleri 7 2.3. Basınç Yaralanmalarının Fizyopatolojisi 9 2.4. Basınç Yaralanmalarının Evrelendirilmesi 10 2.5. Basınç Yaralanmalarını Önlemeye Yönelik Uygulamalar 12 2.5.1. Risk Değerlendirmesi 13 2.5.2. Derinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Bakımı 14 2.5.3. Beslenme Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi 16 2.5.4. Mobilizasyon ve Yeniden Pozisyon Verme 17 2.5.5. Destek Yüzeylerinin Kullanımı 19 2.5.6. Eğitim 21 2.6. Basınç Yaralanmalarının Tedavisi 21 2.6.1. Topikal Yara Bakımı ve Temizliği 21 2.6.2. Yara Örtüleri/ Yara Pansuman Materyalleri 22 2.6.3. Cerrahi Tedavi 23 2.6.4. Debritman 24 2.6.5. Basınç Yaralanmalarının Tedavisinde Kullanılan Diğer Yöntemler 24 2.7. Yara Bakım Hemşireliği 25 3. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM 28 3.1. Araştırmanın Şekli 28 3.2. Araştırmanın Yapıldığı Yerler ve Özellikleri 28 3.3. Araştırmanın Evren ve Örneklemi 30 3.4. Verilerin Toplanması 30 3.4.1. Veri Toplama Formlarının Hazırlanması 30 3.4.2. Araştırmanın Ön Uygulaması 31 3.4.3. Araştırmanın Uygulanması 31 3.5. Verilerin Değerlendirilmesi 32 3.6. Araştırmanın Etik Yönü 32 3.7. Araştırmanın Sınırlılıkları 33 4. BULGULAR 34 5. TARTIŞMA 5.1. Ameliyathane Hemşirelerinin Tanıtıcı Özelliklerine İlişkin Bulgularının Tartışılması 5.2. Ameliyathane Hemşirelerinin Basınç Yaralanmalarını Önlemeye Yönelik Uygulamalarına İlişkin Bulguların Tartışılması 5.3. Ameliyathane Hemşirelerinin Basınç Yaralanmaları Bilgi Durumlarına İlişkin Bulguların Tartışılması 49 6. SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER 59 6.1. Sonuç 59 6.2. Öneriler 62 7. KAYNAKLAR 64 8. EKLER 72 EK-1. Ameliyathane Hemşirelerinin Tanıtıcı Özelliklerine Göre Ameliyatta Risk Değerlendirme Durumları EK-2. Araştırmaya Katılmayı Kabul Eden Hemşirelerden Alınan Aydınlatılmış Yazılı Onam Formu EK-3. Hemşireleri Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu EK-4. Hemşirelerin Basınç Yaralanmalarını Önlemeye Yönelik Uygulamaları Formu EK- 5. Ameliyathane Hemşirelerinin Basınç Yaralanmaları Hakkında Bilgi Durumları Formu EK -6. Araştırmanın Planlandığı Hastanelerin İzin Yazıları EK- 7. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu İzin Yazısı 7. ÖZGEÇMİŞ  Cebeci, F. Ameliyathane Hemşirelerinin Basınç Yaralanmalarını Önlemeye Yönelik Bilgi ve Uygulamaları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Cerrahi Hastalıkları Hemşireliği Programı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2018. Bu araştırma, ameliyathane hemşirelerinin basınç yaralanmaları hakkında bilgi düzeylerini ve uygulamalarını belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Ankara il merkezinde yer alan 8 kamu hastanesinde çalışan 234 ameliyathane hemşiresi oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında “Hemşirelere Ait Tanıtıcı Özellikler”, “Basınç Yaralanmasını Önlemeye Yönelik Uygulamalar” ve “Ameliyathane Hemşirelerinin Basınç Yaralanmaları Hakkındaki Bilgi Durumları” formları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H ve kesin ki kare testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin yaş ortalamasının 36,15±6,03, %91,5’inin kadın ve %66,2’nin lisans mezunu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin %66,7’sinin temel hemşirelik eğitiminde ve %41,5’nin mezuniyet sonrasında basınç yaralanmasıyla ilgili eğitim aldığı saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin %9’unun makale ve %2,6’sının basınç yaralanması rehberini okuduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hemşirelerin %97,4’nün kaynak olarak rehber ve %97,9’nun basınç yaralaması riskini değerlendirmek için bir ölçek kullanmadığı saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin %81,5’nin riskli olan hastalar hakkında bilgi almadığı ve %92,3’nün risk değerlendirme ve önleme girişimlerini kayıt altına almadığı belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin basınç yaralanmasına yönelik sorulardan aldıkları puanların ortalaması 52,09±13,76. olarak saptanmıştır. Puan ortalamalarının en düşük olduğu alan evrelendirme, en yüksek olduğu alan ise yaralanmayı önleme girişimleridir. Temel hemşirelik ve hizmet içi eğitim programlarında basınç yaralanması konusunun yer alması; kurum politika ve prosedürlerinde güncel rehberlerin, risk değerlendirmesi için uygun ölçeklerin ya da değerlendirme formlarının yer alması ve kayıt sistemlerinin oluşturulması önerilmiştir

The attitudes of vocational and technical high schools students towards English

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Mesleki ve Teknik Lise öğrencilerinin İngilizce dersine yönelik tutumlarını belirlemektir. Mesleki ve Teknik Lise öğrencilerinin İngilizce dersine yönelik tutumlarını ölçmek için araştırmacı tarafından İngilizce Dersine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. Ölçek İnegöl İlçesindeki Yenice A.Öztarhan Ç.P.L., Dörtçelik E.M.L. ve Teknik Lise, Ticaret Meslek Lisesi ve Kız Meslek Lisesi 10. sınıfında bulunan 600 (328 erkek, 272 kız) öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ile öğrencilerin İngilizce dersine yönelik tutumları belirlenmiş ve bu tutumlar cinsiyet, okul türü ve bölüm değişkenlerine göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmada şu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir: 1) Mesleki ve Teknik liselerde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin İngilizce dersine yönelik tutumları “ortanın üstü” düzeydedir. 2) Mesleki ve Teknik liselerde öğrenim gören öğrenciler içerisinde kız öğrencilerin İngilizce dersine yönelik tutumları erkeklerden daha yüksek düzeydedir. 3) Anadolu Meslek Liselerinde öğrenim gören öğrenciler ile Anadolu lisesinde öğrenim görmeyen öğrenciler arasında İngilizce dersi konusunda tutumlarının düzeyleri arasında bir fark bulunmamıştır. 4) Mesleki ve Teknik liselerde öğrenim gören öğrenciler içerisinde özellikle İngilizce'yi yoğun olarak kullanan meslek alanlarına hazırlayan bölümlerde öğrencilerin tutumları daha yüksektir. Bu araştırma sonunda ortaya çıkan sonuçlara dayalı olarak araştırmacı tarafından öneriler sunulmuştur.The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of Vocational and Technical High Schools students towards English. A scale is developed by the researcher (The Attitude Scale Towards English) to measure the attitudes of Vocational and Technical High Schools students towards English. The scale was apllied to 600 ( 328 male, 272 female) students in the tenth classes of Vocational and Technical High Schools in İnegöl. The results were analyzed in connection with their sex, type of the school and departments. When the results were analyzed according to these variables it was found out that : 1) The attitudes of Vocational and Technical High Schools students towards English within the scope of common compulsory courses are higher than middle-level. 2) Within The Vocational and Technical High Schools students, the level of the attitudes of female students towards English course are higher than male students. 3) There isn’t a significant differences between the attitudes of students educating in Anatolian High Schools and the students not educating in Anatolian High Schools towards English course. 4) Within The Vocational and Technical High Schools students, the departments which training the students to the professions that use English intensively have a higher attitudes towards English course. Certain suggestions based on the problems have also been presented by the researcher

Determination of carbohydrate amounts of various cheese species presented to sale in the market

The aim of this study is to determine the amounts of lactose, glucose, galactose, starch and total carbohydrates in cheese types presented to sale in the market. In the study, from different points of sale in Istanbul province 15 different types of cheese were investigated. Carbohydrate amounts of the cheeses examined were determined in two ways as theoretically (by difference method) and analytically (by HPLC). The amount of analytically determined carbohydrate of white cheese types was lower than the theoretically calculated amount (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the theoretical and analytically calculated carbohydrate amounts of kashar and other cheese types (P>0.05). In addition, it was determined that the amount of carbohydrates of ripened cheeses was lower than carbohydrate amounts in fresh cheeses. Consequently, analytical calculation of carbohydrate amount gives more accurate results. This should be taken into account when evaluating the macronutrient content of cheese