ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y ORIENTACIÓN NUTRICIONAL PARA NIÑOS CON SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD

La actividad física realizada de forma regular y sistemática ha demostrado ser una práctica sumamente beneficiosa en la prevención, desarrollo y rehabilitación de la salud. Este artículo ofrece el resultado de un trabajo de investigación enmarcado dentro de un diseño experimental con mediciones pre y post intervención en un solo grupo. El objetivo del trabajo, fue evaluar un programa piloto, denominado taller balón con orientación nutricional, que promueve beneficios para niños con obesidad y sobrepeso, con la práctica de la actividad física. De una población de 234 escolares, a quienes se les midió talla, peso y nivel de actividad física, se encontraron 60 niños con diagnóstico de sobrepeso u obesidad. De este grupo, sólo 24 aceptaron participar en el taller y lo terminaron. A estos sujetos de estudio se les midió su perfil lipídico (triglicéridos, colesterol total, colesterol de HDL, colesterol de LDL). Los resultados mostraron que un porcentaje importante de la muestra tuvo al inicio valores elevados de alguno de sus lípidos sanguíneos y 85 % mantenían niveles de actividad física inferior a lo recomendado. Tras doce semanas de intervención se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa para los valores de Col-LDL y ZIMC/edad

Deep Learning Formulation of ECGI for Data-driven Integration of Spatiotemporal Correlations and Imaging Information

International audienceThe challenge of non-invasive Electrocardiographic Imaging (ECGI) is to recreate the electrical activity of the heart using body surface potentials. Specifically, there are numerical difficulties due to the ill-posed nature of the problem. We propose a novel method based on Conditional Variational Autoencoders using Deep generative Neural Networks to overcome this challenge. By conditioning the electrical activity on heart shape and electrical potentials, our model is able to generate activation maps with good accuracy on simulated data (mean square error, MSE = 0.095). This method differs from other formulations because it naturally takes into account spatio-temporal correlations as well as the imaging substrate through convolutions and conditioning. We believe these features can help improving ECGI results

Simulador de negocios Capstone planeación estratégica de Digby en la industria de los sensores

En el presente documento de obtención de grado se analizan los resultados de la empresa Digby como parte la industria de sensores dentro del simulador de negocios CAPSTONE de CAPSIM, cuyo objetivo es recrear el diseño de una estrategia y la toma de decisiones dentro de una organización. Dentro del primer capítulo se encuentra el marco teórico donde se definen los conceptos necesarios para entender y desarrollar una estrategia dentro de una empresa, además de lo anterior se podrán encontrar una serie de análisis de casos en los que se aplica la teoría revisada previamente. En el segundo apartado se describe la industria de los sensores dentro de CAPSTONE. Además, se detalla la estructura de Digby como organización, su modelo de negocios, así como la planeación estratégica en la que se definen los objetivos de cada una de las áreas, el organigrama de la empresa y responsabilidad del equipo directivo de la misma. Del capítulo número tres al seis se revisan, analizan e interpretan los resultados obtenidos por la empresa Digby durante los ocho periodos de simulación, además se comparan con los que obtuvo la competencia. En el capítulo siete se encuentran las conclusiones a las que llegó el equipo después de la obtención de los resultados finales de la simulación, también se exponen las experiencias y aprendizajes de los distintos miembros del equipo a través de los distintos cursos de la asignatura de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (IDI) y la maestría en el ITESO. Durante la realización del presente trabajo se acrecentó la experiencia en el manejo de una organización por parte de un equipo directivo mediante la práctica en la toma de decisiones de diferentes áreas de una compañía, así como del análisis del entorno económico e industrial.ITESO, A.C

Sublittoral soft bottom communities and diversity of Mejillones Bay in northern Chile (Humboldt Current upwelling system)

The macrozoobenthos of Mejillones Bay (23°S; Humboldt Current) was quantitatively investigated over a 7-year period from austral summer 1995/1996 to winter 2002. About 78 van Veen grab samples taken at six stations (5, 10, 20 m depth) provided the basis for the analysis of the distribution of 60 species and 28 families of benthic invertebrates, as well as of their abundance and biomass. Mean abundance (2,119 individuals m-2) was in the same order compared to a previous investigation; mean biomass (966 g formalin wet mass m-2), however, exceeded prior estimations mainly due to the dominance of the bivalve Aulacomya ater. About 43% of the taxa inhabited the complete depth range. Mean taxonomic Shannon diversity (H', Log e) was 1.54 ± 0.58 with a maximum at 20 m (1.95 ± 0.33); evenness increased with depth. The fauna was numerically dominated by carnivorous gastropods, polychaetes and crustaceans (48%). About 15% of the species were suspensivorous, 13% sedimentivorous, 11% detritivorous, 7% omnivorous and 6% herbivorous. Cluster analyses showed a significant difference between the shallow and the deeper stations. Gammarid amphipods and the polychaete family Nephtyidae characterized the 5-mzone, the molluscs Aulacomya ater, Mitrella unifasciata and gammarids the intermediate zone, while the gastropod Nassarius gayi and the polychaete family Nereidae were most prominent at the deeper stations. The communities of the three depth zones did not appear to be limited by hypoxia during non-El Niño conditions. Therefore, no typical change in community structure occurred during El Niño 1997–1998, in contrast to what was observed for deeper faunal assemblages and hypoxic bays elsewhere in the coastal Humboldt Current system

Maximal conductances ionic parameters estimation in cardiac electrophysiology multiscale modelling

International audienceIn this work, we present an optimal control formulation for the bidomain model in order to estimate maximal conductances parameters in the physiological ionic model. We consider a general Hodgkin-Huxley formalism to describe the ionic exchanges at the microcopic level. We consider the parameters as control variables to minimize the mismatch between the measured and the computed potentials under the constraint of the bidomain system. The solution of the optimization problem is based on a gradient descent method, where the gradient is obtained by solving an adjoint problem. We show through some numerical examples the capability of this approach to estimate the values of sodium, calcium and potassium ion channels conductances in the Luo Rudy phase I model

Bat Eyes Have Ultraviolet-Sensitive Cone Photoreceptors

Mammalian retinae have rod photoreceptors for night vision and cone photoreceptors for daylight and colour vision. For colour discrimination, most mammals possess two cone populations with two visual pigments (opsins) that have absorption maxima at short wavelengths (blue or ultraviolet light) and long wavelengths (green or red light). Microchiropteran bats, which use echolocation to navigate and forage in complete darkness, have long been considered to have pure rod retinae. Here we use opsin immunohistochemistry to show that two phyllostomid microbats, Glossophaga soricina and Carollia perspicillata, possess a significant population of cones and express two cone opsins, a shortwave-sensitive (S) opsin and a longwave-sensitive (L) opsin. A substantial population of cones expresses S opsin exclusively, whereas the other cones mostly coexpress L and S opsin. S opsin gene analysis suggests ultraviolet (UV, wavelengths <400 nm) sensitivity, and corneal electroretinogram recordings reveal an elevated sensitivity to UV light which is mediated by an S cone visual pigment. Therefore bats have retained the ancestral UV tuning of the S cone pigment. We conclude that bats have the prerequisite for daylight vision, dichromatic colour vision, and UV vision. For bats, the UV-sensitive cones may be advantageous for visual orientation at twilight, predator avoidance, and detection of UV-reflecting flowers for those that feed on nectar

Novel Crystalline SiO2 Nanoparticles via Annelids Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial Wastes

The synthesis of nanoparticles silica oxide from rice husk, sugar cane bagasse and coffee husk, by employing vermicompost with annelids (Eisenia foetida) is reported. The product (humus) is calcinated and extracted to recover the crystalline nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) show that the biotransformation allows creating specific crystalline phases, since equivalent particles synthesized without biotransformation are bigger and with different crystalline structure

European Society of Endodontology position statement: Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp

This position statement on the management of deep caries and the exposed pulp represents the consensus of an expert committee, convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). Preserving the pulp in a healthy state with sustained vitality, preventing apical periodontitis and developing minimally invasive biologically based therapies are key themes within contemporary clinical endodontics. The aim of this statement was to summarize current best evidence on the diagnosis and classification of deep caries and caries‐induced pulpal disease, as well as indicating appropriate clinical management strategies for avoiding and treating pulp exposure in permanent teeth with deep or extremely deep caries. In presenting these findings, areas of controversy, low‐quality evidence and uncertainties are highlighted, prior to recommendations for each area of interest. A recently published review article provides more detailed information and was the basis for this position statement (Bjørndal et al. 2019, International Endodontic Journal, doi:10.1111/iej.13128). The intention of this position statement is to provide the practitioner with relevant clinical guidance in this rapidly developing area. An update will be provided within 5 years as further evidence emerges

Chimeric aptamers in cancer cell-targeted drug delivery

Aptamers are single-stranded structured oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) that can bind to a wide range of targets ("apatopes") with high affinity and specificity. These nucleic acid ligands, generated from pools of random-sequence by an in vitro selection process referred to as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), have now been identified as excellent tools for chemical biology, therapeutic delivery, diagnosis, research, and monitoring therapy in real-time imaging. Today, aptamers represent an interesting class of modern Pharmaceuticals which with their low immunogenic potential mimic extend many of the properties of monoclonal antibodies in diagnostics, research, and therapeutics. More recently, chimeric aptamer approach employing many different possible types of chimerization strategies has generated more stable and efficient chimeric aptamers with aptamer-aptamer, aptamer-nonaptamer biomacromolecules (siRNAs, proteins) and aptamer-nanoparticle chimeras. These chimeric aptamers when conjugated with various biomacromolecules like locked nucleic acid (LNA) to potentiate their stability, biodistribution, and targeting efficiency, have facilitated the accurate targeting in preclinical trials. We developed LNA-aptamer (anti-nucleolin and EpCAM) complexes which were loaded in iron-saturated bovine lactofeerin (Fe-blf)-coated dopamine modified surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (SPIONs). This complex was used to deliver the specific aptamers in tumor cells in a co-culture model of normal and cancer cells. This review focuses on the chimeric aptamers, currently in development that are likely to find future practical applications in concert with other therapeutic molecules and modalities