Fungicides for wheat seed treatment

Em 1979, conduziu-se trabalho de campo e de laboratório visando avaliar os efeitos de fungicidas no tratamento de sementes de trigo. Foram testados seis produtos, sendo dois em formulação simples e quatro em formulação associada, em amostras de dois lotes da cultivar CNT 9. Procurou-se trabalhar com fungicidas que apresentassem indicação de atividade sobre Helminthosporium sativum Pam., King. & Bakke. Através de teste de laboratório foi avaliado efeito sobre a ocorrência de fungos na semente. No campo, avaliaram-se efeitos sobre a percentagem de emergência, número de espigas por área e rendimento de grãos. Melhor controle sobre H. sativum na semente foi obtido com Panoctine (Guazatine 40%). A avaliação de stand no campo, efetuada 17 dias após a semeadura, mostrou superioridade dos tratamentos com Cercoran (Metiltiofanato 50% + Thiran 30%), Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 80%) e Benlate T (Benomyl 20% + Thiran 20%) em relação à testemunha. Uma segunda avaliação, feita 31 dias após a semeadura, confirmou esses resultados apenas para Cercoran e Dethane M-45. O número de espigas por área não apresentou diferenças para sementes tratadas e não-tratadas. Na média dos dois lotes estudados, verificou-se que o tratamento com Cercoran apresentou rendimento superior ao da testemunha não-tratada.A seed treatment trial was conducted at the National Wheat Research Center in Passo Fundo, RS, in 1979, to study the effect of fungicides on the control of seed pathogens of wheat. Two fungicides and four mixtures of fungicides were tested. Two seedlots of the cultivar CNT 9 were used. The fungicides were selected on the basis of their effectiveness against Helminthosporium sativum Pam., King. & Bakke. The occurrence of fungi in the seeds were evaluated by laboratory tests. The percentage of germination in the field, number of heads/unit area and yield were also evaluated. The best control of H. sativum on seeds was obtained with Panoctine (Guazatine 40%). The stand in the field was evaluated 17 days after sowing. Cercoran (Metiltiofanato 50% + Thiran 30%); Dithane M-45 and Benlate T (Benomyl 20% + Thiran 20%) were statistically superior to the check. When the same evaluation was conducted 31 days after sowing only Cercoran and Dithane M-45 showed plant stands higher than the check. Seed treatment did not increase the number of heads/unit area. The average yield of the two seedlots treated with Cercoran was significantly superior to the check

Tissue culture of ornamental cacti

Cacti species are plants that are well adapted to growing in arid and semiarid regions where the main problem is water availability. Cacti have developed a series of adaptations to cope with water scarcity, such as reduced leaf surface via morphological modifications including spines, cereous cuticles, extended root systems and stem tissue modifications to increase water storage, and crassulacean acid metabolism to reduce transpiration and water loss. Furthermore, seeds of these plants very often exhibit dormancy, a phenomenon that helps to prevent germination when the availability of water is reduced. In general, cactus species exhibit a low growth rate that makes their rapid propagation difficult. Cacti are much appreciated as ornamental plants due to their great variety and diversity of forms and their beautiful short-life flowers; however, due to difficulties in propagating them rapidly to meet market demand, they are very often over-collected in their natural habitats, which leads to numerous species being threatened, endangered or becoming extinct. Therefore, plant tissue culture techniques may facilitate their propagation over a shorter time period than conventional techniques used for commercial purposes; or may help to recover populations of endangered or threatened species for their re-introduction in the wild; or may also be of value to the preservation and conservation of the genetic resources of this important family. Herein we present the state-of-the-art of tissue culture techniques used for ornamental cacti and selected suggestions for solving a number of the problems faced by members of the Cactaceae family

J-PLUS: The javalambre photometric local universe survey

ABSTRACT: TheJavalambrePhotometric Local UniverseSurvey (J-PLUS )isanongoing 12-band photometricopticalsurvey, observingthousands of squaredegrees of theNorthernHemispherefromthededicated JAST/T80 telescope at the Observatorio Astrofísico de Javalambre (OAJ). The T80Cam is a camera with a field of view of 2 deg2 mountedon a telescopewith a diameter of 83 cm, and isequippedwith a uniquesystem of filtersspanningtheentireopticalrange (3500–10 000 Å). Thisfiltersystemis a combination of broad-, medium-, and narrow-band filters, optimallydesigned to extracttherest-framespectralfeatures (the 3700–4000 Å Balmer break region, Hδ, Ca H+K, the G band, and the Mg b and Ca triplets) that are key to characterizingstellartypes and delivering a low-resolutionphotospectrumforeach pixel of theobservedsky. With a typicaldepth of AB ∼21.25 mag per band, thisfilter set thusallowsforanunbiased and accuratecharacterization of thestellarpopulation in our Galaxy, itprovidesanunprecedented 2D photospectralinformationforall resolved galaxies in the local Universe, as well as accuratephoto-z estimates (at the δ z/(1 + z)∼0.005–0.03 precisionlevel) formoderatelybright (up to r ∼ 20 mag) extragalacticsources. Whilesomenarrow-band filters are designedforthestudy of particular emissionfeatures ([O II]/λ3727, Hα/λ6563) up to z < 0.017, theyalsoprovidewell-definedwindowsfortheanalysis of otheremissionlines at higherredshifts. As a result, J-PLUS has thepotential to contribute to a widerange of fields in Astrophysics, both in thenearbyUniverse (MilkyWaystructure, globular clusters, 2D IFU-likestudies, stellarpopulations of nearby and moderate-redshiftgalaxies, clusters of galaxies) and at highredshifts (emission-line galaxies at z ≈ 0.77, 2.2, and 4.4, quasi-stellarobjects, etc.). Withthispaper, wereleasethefirst∼1000 deg2 of J-PLUS data, containingabout 4.3 millionstars and 3.0 milliongalaxies at r <  21mag. With a goal of 8500 deg2 forthe total J-PLUS footprint, thesenumbers are expected to rise to about 35 millionstars and 24 milliongalaxiesbytheend of thesurvey.Funding for the J-PLUS Project has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragón through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO; under grants AYA2017-86274-P, AYA2016-77846-P, AYA2016-77237-C3-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-2, AYA2012-30789, AGAUR grant SGR-661/2017, and ICTS-2009-14), and European FEDER funding (FCDD10-4E-867, FCDD13-4E-2685

SND@LHC: The Scattering and Neutrino Detector at the LHC

SND@LHC is a compact and stand-alone experiment designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced at the LHC in the pseudo-rapidity region of ${7.2 < \eta < 8.4}$. The experiment is located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point, in the TI18 tunnel. The detector is composed of a hybrid system based on an 830 kg target made of tungsten plates, interleaved with emulsion and electronic trackers, also acting as an electromagnetic calorimeter, and followed by a hadronic calorimeter and a muon identification system. The detector is able to distinguish interactions of all three neutrino flavours, which allows probing the physics of heavy flavour production at the LHC in the very forward region. This region is of particular interest for future circular colliders and for very high energy astrophysical neutrino experiments. The detector is also able to search for the scattering of Feebly Interacting Particles. In its first phase, the detector will operate throughout LHC Run 3 and collect a total of 250 $\text{fb}^{-1}$