Atomic diffusion and mixing in old stars VI: The lithium content of M30

The prediction of the PLANCK-constrained primordial lithium abundance in the Universe is in discordance with the observed Li abundances in warm Population II dwarf and subgiant stars. Among the physically best motivated ideas, it has been suggested that this discrepancy can be alleviated if the stars observed today had undergone photospheric depletion of lithium. The cause of this depletion is investigated by accurately tracing the behaviour of the lithium abundances as a function of effective temperature. Globular clusters are ideal laboratories for such an abundance analysis as the relative stellar parameters of their stars can be precisely determined. We performed a homogeneous chemical abundance analysis of 144 stars in the metal-poor globular cluster M30, ranging from the cluster turnoff point to the tip of the red giant branch. NLTE abundances for Li, Ca, and Fe were derived where possible. Stellar parameters were derived by matching isochrones to the observed V vs V-I colour-magnitude diagram. Independent effective temperatures were obtained from automated profile fitting of the Balmer lines and by applying colour-T_eff calibrations to the broadband photometry. Li abundances of the turnoff and early subgiant stars form a thin plateau that is broken off abruptly in the middle of the SGB as a result of the onset of Li dilution caused by the first dredge-up. Abundance trends with effective temperature for Fe and Ca are observed and compared to predictions from stellar structure models including atomic diffusion and ad hoc additional mixing below the surface convection zone. The comparison shows that the stars in M30 are affected by atomic diffusion and additional mixing. After applying a conservative correction for atomic diffusion, we find an initial Li abundance of A(Li) = $2.48\pm0.10$ for the globular cluster M30.Comment: 13 pages, 7 tables (Tab. 1 and 5 can be obtained at ADS) and 8 figure

La seconde diphtongaison de ˈŏ latin dans le domaine occitan

Le but de cet article est de tenter de rendre compte de la diphtongaison de ˈŏ latin en [wˈɔ] dans un certain nombre de parlers du sud de la France. Le caractère, mystérieux à différents égards, de ce processus n’a pas trouvé d’explication définitive dans la littérature. Nous essaierons de montrer que l’on peut faire appel à un seul mécanisme (rééquilibrage du système phonologique) agrémenté de mécanismes additionnels (partage de traits, pco), paramétrés différemment, en fonction des parlers, pour expliquer le processus examiné ici.This paper aims at giving an account for the diphthongization of latin ˈŏ to [wˈɔ] in a number of dialects in the South of France. The mysterious nature of this process has not found yet a definitive explanation in the literature. We will try to show that we can invoke a unique mechanism (rebalancing of the phonological system), completed with additional mechanisms (features sharing, ocp), configured differently according to the dialects, to explain the process at stake here

Beam size dependency of a laser-induced plasma in confined regime: Shortening of the plasma release. Influence on pressure and thermal loading

Processes using laser-shock applications, such as Laser Shock Peening or Laser Stripping require a deep understanding of both mechanical and thermal loading applied. We hereby present new experimental measurements of the plasma pressure release regarding its initial dimension, which depends on the laser beam size. Our data were obtained through shock waves’ velocity analysis and radiometric assessments. A new model to describe the adiabatic release behavior of a laser-induced plasma with a dependency to the beam size is developed. The results and the associated model exhibit that the plasma release duration is shortened with smaller laser spots. As a consequence, with chosen smaller laser spots (0.6 mm to 1 mm), the thermal loading applied during the plasma lifetime will also decrease. These new results shall help for a better understanding of laser-matter interaction for laser-shock applications by giving more accurate plasma profiles. Thus, process simulations can be improved as well. Eventually, by considering recent developments with high-power Diode Pumped Solid-State lasers (DPSS), we now expect to develop a new configuration for LSP which could be applicable both without any thermal coating and deliverable by an optical fiber.This research was funded by Thales company, institutions (CEA,NRS, ENSAM), and by the ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche), Forge Laser Project (Grant No.: ANR-18-CE08-0026)

Hyperbolic planforms in relation to visual edges and textures perception

We propose to use bifurcation theory and pattern formation as theoretical probes for various hypotheses about the neural organization of the brain. This allows us to make predictions about the kinds of patterns that should be observed in the activity of real brains through, e.g. optical imaging, and opens the door to the design of experiments to test these hypotheses. We study the specific problem of visual edges and textures perception and suggest that these features may be represented at the population level in the visual cortex as a specific second-order tensor, the structure tensor, perhaps within a hypercolumn. We then extend the classical ring model to this case and show that its natural framework is the non-Euclidean hyperbolic geometry. This brings in the beautiful structure of its group of isometries and certain of its subgroups which have a direct interpretation in terms of the organization of the neural populations that are assumed to encode the structure tensor. By studying the bifurcations of the solutions of the structure tensor equations, the analog of the classical Wilson and Cowan equations, under the assumption of invariance with respect to the action of these subgroups, we predict the appearance of characteristic patterns. These patterns can be described by what we call hyperbolic or H-planforms that are reminiscent of Euclidean planar waves and of the planforms that were used in [1, 2] to account for some visual hallucinations. If these patterns could be observed through brain imaging techniques they would reveal the built-in or acquired invariance of the neural organization to the action of the corresponding subgroups.Comment: 34 pages, 11 figures, 2 table

A Magnetohydrodynamic enhanced entry system for space transportation: MEESST

This paper outlines the initial development of a novel magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma control system which aims at mitigating shock-induced heating and the radio-frequency communication blackout typically encountered during (re-)entry into planetary atmospheres. An international consortium comprising universities, SMEs, research institutions, and industry has been formed in order to develop this technology within the MEESST project. The latter is funded by the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) program of the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 scheme (grant no. 899298). Atmospheric entry imposes one of the harshest environments which a spacecraft can experience. The combination of hypersonic velocities and the rapid compression of atmospheric particles by the spacecraft leads to high-enthalpy, partially ionised gases forming around the vehicle. This inhibits radio communications and induces high thermal loads on the spacecraft surface. For the former problem, spacecraft can sometimes rely on satellite constellations for communicating through the plasma wake and therefore preventing the blackout. On the other hand, expensive, heavy, and non-reusable thermal protection systems (TPS) are needed to dissipate the severe thermal loads. Such TPS can represent up to 30% of an entry vehicles weight, and especially for manned missions they can reduce the cost- efficiency by sacrificing payload mass. Such systems are also prone to failure, putting the lives of astronauts at risk. The use of electromagnetic fields to exploit MHD principles has long been considered as an attractive solution for tackling the problems described above. By pushing the boundary layer of the ionized gas layer away from the spacecraft, the thermal loads can be reduced, while also opening a magnetic window for radio communications and mitigating the blackout phenomenon. The application of this MHD-enabled system has previously not been demonstrated in realistic conditions due to the required large magnetic fields (on the order of Tesla or more), which for conventional technologies would demand exceptionally heavy and power-hungry electromagnets. High-temperature superconductors (HTS) have reached a level of industrial maturity sufficient for them to act as a key enabling technology for this application. Thanks to superior current densities, HTS coils can offer the necessary low weight and compactness required for space applications, with the ability to generate the strong magnetic fields needed for entry purposes. This paper provides an overview of the MEESST project, including its goals, methodology and some preliminary design considerations

The sixth data release of the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE). I. Survey description, spectra and radial velocities

The Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) is a magnitude-limited (9<I<12) spectroscopic survey of Galactic stars randomly selected in the southern hemisphere. The RAVE medium-resolution spectra (R~7500) cover the Ca-triplet region (8410-8795A). The 6th and final data release (DR6 or FDR) is based on 518387 observations of 451783 unique stars. RAVE observations were taken between 12 April 2003 and 4 April 2013. Here we present the genesis, setup and data reduction of RAVE as well as wavelength-calibrated and flux-normalized spectra and error spectra for all observations in RAVE DR6. Furthermore, we present derived spectral classification and radial velocities for the RAVE targets, complemented by cross matches with Gaia DR2 and other relevant catalogs. A comparison between internal error estimates, variances derived from stars with more than one observing epoch and a comparison with radial velocities of Gaia DR2 reveals consistently that 68% of the objects have a velocity accuracy better than 1.4 km/s, while 95% of the objects have radial velocities better than 4.0 km/s. Stellar atmospheric parameters, abundances and distances are presented in subsequent publication. The data can be accessed via the RAVE Web (http://rave-survey.org) or the Vizier database.Comment: 32 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication to A

A Magnetohydrodynamic enhanced entry system for space transportation: MEESST

This paper outlines the initial development of a novel magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma control system which aims at mitigating shock-induced heating and the radio-frequency communication blackout typically encountered during (re-)entry into planetary atmospheres. An international consortium comprising universities, SMEs, research institutions, and industry has been formed in order to develop this technology within the MEESST project. The latter is funded by the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) program of the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 scheme (grant no. 899298). Atmospheric entry imposes one of the harshest environments which a spacecraft can experience. The combination of hypersonic velocities and the rapid compression of atmospheric particles by the spacecraft leads to high-enthalpy, partially ionised gases forming around the vehicle. This inhibits radio communications and induces high thermal loads on the spacecraft surface. For the former problem, spacecraft can sometimes rely on satellite constellations for communicating through the plasma wake and therefore preventing the blackout. On the other hand, expensive, heavy, and non-reusable thermal protection systems (TPS) are needed to dissipate the severe thermal loads. Such TPS can represent up to 30% of an entry vehicles weight, and especially for manned missions they can reduce the cost- efficiency by sacrificing payload mass. Such systems are also prone to failure, putting the lives of astronauts at risk. The use of electromagnetic fields to exploit MHD principles has long been considered as an attractive solution for tackling the problems described above. By pushing the boundary layer of the ionized gas layer away from the spacecraft, the thermal loads can be reduced, while also opening a magnetic window for radio communications and mitigating the blackout phenomenon. The application of this MHD-enabled system has previously not been demonstrated in realistic conditions due to the required large magnetic fields (on the order of Tesla or more), which for conventional technologies would demand exceptionally heavy and power-hungry electromagnets. High-temperature superconductors (HTS) have reached a level of industrial maturity sufficient for them to act as a key enabling technology for this application. Thanks to superior current densities, HTS coils can offer the necessary low weight and compactness required for space applications, with the ability to generate the strong magnetic fields needed for entry purposes. This paper provides an overview of the MEESST project, including its goals, methodology and some preliminary design considerations

Etude théorique et expérimentale de l'architecture d'un laser à solide monocristallin ou céramique dopé ytterbium pour la génération d'impulsions de grande énergie à haute cadence.

This work concerns the study of ytterbium doped laser systems for the generation of high energy pulses with high average power, within the pint of a laser for the inertial fusion energy. Ytterbium ion have a lot of advantages for high average power applications - low quatum defect, high fluorescence lifetime, no energy transfert phenomena between electronics levels. Thus, ytterbium doped laser media are able to store highs amount of energy with a low thermal load. About the choice of the laser media, we have proposed a thermomecanical figure of merits which shows that garnets and rare earth sesquioxydes are very well suited ti high average power applications. As far as the laser amplifiers architecture is concerned, we have concluded that longitudinaly diode-pumped thin disk amplifiers cooled by the rear face are an excellent solution to achieve a good management of thermal effects. Thanks to a numeric modeling of ytterbium doped laser amplifiers, we have optimized several parameters of the laser architecture and compared differents ytterbium doped laser media. We have shown that ytterbium doped rare earth sesquioxides appears to be excellent laser media for high average power applications. Moreover, we have shown that low temperatures are a very seducing solution ti improve both thermomecanical properties of amplifiers and spectroscopic properties of ytterbium ion. Thank to a gain switched cryigenic laser cavity, we have experimentaly demonstrated that energetic performances of yttrebium doped rare earth sesquioxides are far better at low temperatures.Ces travaux de thèse concernent l'étude de systèmes laser dopés à l'ion ytterbium pour la génération d'impulsions de forte énergie et de haute puissance moyenne, dans la perspective d'un laser permettant d'envisager la production d'énergie par fusion par confinement inertiel. En ce qui concerne le choix d'une matrice hôte, nous avons établi une figure de mérite thermomécanique et montré que les grenats et surtout les sesquioxydes de terres rares apparaissent comme les matrices les plus adaptées à la haute puissance moyenne. Quant à l'architecture des amplificateurs, nous sommes arrivés à la conclusion que des amplificateurs à disques minces pompés longitudinalement et refroidis par la face arrière constituent une excellente solution pour permettre une bonne gestion des effets thermiques. La réalisation d'un modèle numérique d'amplificateur laser dopé à l'ytterbium nous à permis d'optimiser divers paramètres de l'architecture du laser et de comparer différentes matrices dopées à l'ytterbium. Il est alors apparu que les sesquioxydes de de terres rares dopés à l'ion ytterbium constituent d'excellents matériaux amplificateurs pour la réalisation de laser de haute puissance moyenne. Il a par ailleurs été montré que les basses températures constituent une solution séduisante pour améliorer à la fois les propriétés thermomécaniques des amplificateurs laser et les propriétés spectroscopiques de l'ion ytterbium. A l'aide d'une cavité laser cryogénique, en mode relaxé, nous avons vérifié expérimentalement que les performances énergétiques des sesquioxydes d! e terres rares dopés à l'ytterbium se voient améliorées de manière très significative aux basses températures

Le diagnostic pré-prothétique

NICE-Antenne de St Jean d'Angely (060882105) / SudocNICE-BU Médecine Odontologie (060882102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

High frequency bundles modeling

International audienc