Unique ergodicity of interval exchange maps

Necessary and suffi cient conditions are given in order that an in terval excha.nge map satisfying Keane's infinite a.nd di stinct orbit COlldition be uniquely ergodi c. This is done through the dcvelopment of a t heory for interval exchange maps thai parallcls the classical thcory of continued fractions

Acute thrombocytopenia following primary coronary angioplasty

The use of stents in percutaneous coronary interventions, associated with aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors has reduced the incidence of unfavorable outcomes in acute coronary syndromes. However, this association may hinder the management of patients who develop thrombocytopenia, a rare but clinically important complication of the use of abciximab and heparin. We describe a case of a patient with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who developed thrombocytopenia after the initial treatment. We evaluated literature data on the difference of thrombocytopenia secondary to the use of abciximab and heparin, the pathophysiology of this complication and the management of this paradoxical condition where antiplatelet therapy is imperative due to the use of stent, but where there may be significant bleeding or stent thrombosis due to drug discontinuation.A intervenção coronária percutânea com stent associada ao uso de aspirina, clopidogrel, heparina e inibidores da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa diminuiu a incidência de desfechos desfavoráveis no contexto da síndrome coronária aguda. Contudo, tal associação pode dificultar o manejo do paciente que evolui com plaquetopenia, uma complicação rara do uso do abciximab e da heparina, mas de grande importância clínica. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, que evoluiu com plaquetopenia após o início do tratamento. Avaliamos a literatura sobre a diferença da plaquetopenia secundária ao uso do abciximab e da heparina, a fisiopatologia dessa complicação e o manejo dessa condição paradoxal, em que a antiagregação é imperativa em decorrência do uso do stent, e em que pode haver sangramentos significativos ou trombose do stent pela interrupção dos medicamentos.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

GÊNESE, MODERNIZAÇÃO E REESTRUTURAÇÃO DO COMPLEXO AGROINDUSTRIAL LÃCTEO BRASILEIRO

During the period between 1945 and 1991 the dairy sector was regulated by the State. The price standardization imposed by the government, conducted many times aiming to facilitate adjustments in economy, had serious consequences right after the end of said intervention. The present study tried to understand the process which outlined the conformation of the current institutional structure in this complex, the causes of its maintenance, and the immediate trends which may be envisaged in short and medium terms. There is an absence of public policies devised to account for the incoherences detected in the dairy complex which originate to a large extent in the deliberate loss of the power of regulation by the State and in the liberal orientation taken in the end of the 80s. With the end of the State regulation new mechanisms of support and financing emerged, but those do not go directly under the State actors appreciation. However, the dynamics of the productive restructuring is not yet over. A new phase may be replacing the former, and the actors in the dairy agri-food complex once again should look for solutions for the situations which generate uncertainty and changes, originated in the search for higher competitiveness and professionalization since those proved vital for the permanence of such actors in the formal productive activity.sectorial policies, agri-industry, milk, industrial organization., Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries,

CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA CERTIFICAÇÃO ORGÂNICA PARA UM NOVO MODELO DE GOVERNANÇA NO COMPLEXO AGROINDUSTRIAL CITRÃCOLA BRASILEIRO

This paper compares governance structures in the Brazilian citrus production that appeared with the process of international certification of organic products. Both governance structures, between organic orange production and the processing plant, are analyzed through a study case methodology. These two governance structures are different from the traditional dominant structures that were consolidated with the industrial oligopoly of frozen and concentrated orange juice production along the last thirty years in Brazil. The analyzed cases (onward integration and onward partial-integration) can be used as a reference for possible penetrations of alternative organizational forms in citrus production in an agro-industrial complex predominantly directed at commodity exportation (frozen concentrated orange juice) that has been excluding thousands of citrus producers since 1990. The theoretical basis of this work is the new institutional economy (NIE), known as transaction cost approach. The results of the case studies show that organic certification of orange production and processing leads to more integrated governance structures in citrus production, as it increases agricultural products’ assets specificity and moral hazard risks in commercialization.institutions, governance, certification, citrus, integration, Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Industrial Organization,

Phyllostomid bats distribution and richness gradient in a subtropical Brazilian state

Phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) are key elements for the maintenance of New World forests, but little information on their distribution is available in some regions of Brazil. Here we use occurrence records and bioclimatic variables to model the distribution of phyllostomid bats in Santa Catarina, a subtropical Brazilian state. Estimates of geographic variation in species richness were then obtained by stacking the generated maps. Lastly, we tested how associated species richness is to ecoregions and Protected Areas. Our results suggest that the phyllostomid bats species richness is closely linked to the region’s climate gradient. Most species are restricted to the Serra do Mar ecoregion, where the temperature is high and varies less throughout the year. In contrast, the colder areas seem to house extremely simple communities, composed of a subset of the species present in the warmer areas. We found significant evidence that Protected Areas in Santa Catarina play an important role in the conservation of species, although there are still several places where species richness is high, but no Protected Area is available. The creation of new Protected Areas in these places can boost the species conservation, and, consequently, the ecological services provided by phyllostomid bats

Distribuição espacial da dengue no município de Cruzeiro, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: o uso do geoprocessamento

Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar padrões na distribuição espacial dos casos de dengue ocorridos no município de Cruzeiro/SP, no ano de 2006. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico e exploratório que utiliza as ferramentas de análise espacial na elaboração de mapas temáticos, com dados obtidos do SinanNet. Foi feita uma análise por área, tomando-se como unidade o setor censitário do IBGE; a análise considerou quatro meses do ano de 2006 que mostra a ocorrência da doença no município. Os mapas temáticos foram construídos pelo programa computacional TerraView 3.3.1; assim como os valores dos índices de Moran Global (I M) mês a mês e o estimador de Kernel. Foram georreferenciados 691 casos de dengue (taxa de 864,2 casos/100.000 habitantes); os Índices de Moran e p-valores obtidos foram I M = 0,080 (março) p = 0,11; I M = 0,285 (abril) p = 0,01; I M = 0,201 (maio) p = 0,01 e I M = 0,002 (junho) p = 0,57. Os primeiros casos foram identificados na região nordeste e central e os últimos casos, na região norte, nordeste e central. Foi possível identificar os setores censitários onde a epidemia teve início e como ocorreu têmporo-espacialmente no município.The aim of this article is to identify patterns in spatial distribution of cases of dengue fever that occurred in the municipality of Cruzeiro, State of São Paulo, in 2006. This is an ecological and exploratory study using the tools of spatial analysis in the preparation of thematic maps with data from Sinan-Net. An analysis was made by area, taking as unit the IBGE census, the analysis included four months in 2006 which show the occurrence of the disease in the city. The thematic maps were constructed by TerraView 3.3.1 software, the same software provided the values of the indicators of Global Moran (I M) every month and the Kernel estimation. In the year 2006, 691 cases of dengue were georeferenced (with a rate of 864.2 cases/100,000 inhabitants); the indicators of Moran and p-values obtained were I M = 0.080 (March) p = 0.11; I M = 0.285 (April) p = 0.01; I M = 0.201 (May) p = 0.01 and I M = 0.002 (June) p = 0.57. The first cases were identified in the Northeast and Central areas of Cruzeiro and the recent cases, in the North, Northeast and Central. It was possible to identify census tracts where the epidemic began and how it occurred temporally and spatially in the city

Invariant measures for gauss maps associated with interval exchange maps

An explidt formula for an ergodic cr-finite measure inva.ria.nt by the Gauss map associated to a new induction on the interval exchange maps is given. The techniques devcloped allow another proof of Keane's conjecture which was first shown to be true by Veech and Mazur

Parâmetros para análise do comportamento da tributação imobiliária municipal

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia CivilEste trabalho apresenta alguns parâmetros para análise qualitativa e quantitativa dos tributos incidentes sobre a propriedade imobiliária em municípios de pequeno e médio porte (com até 200.000 habitantes), localizados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul Brasil. Objetiva diagnosticar o comportamento da receita oriunda da tributação imobiliária deste conjunto de municípios, considerando-se as atividades e vocação econômicas predominantes, ou seja, a capacidade contributiva dos mesmos, bem como a distribuição da população no território municipal. Para tanto, os municípios foram agrupados em classes homogêneas segundo um método de análise de classificação (cluster analysis), por meio de uma árvore de classificação hierárquica ou dendograma. O processo de análise teve seguimento através da comparação das relações entre os indicadores de desempenho tributário dos municípios por classes, bem como entre as classes de municípios por indicadores. Amparado em diagnósticos detalhados da tributação imobiliária de vinte e três municípios, obtidos de uma amostra intencional, relata a importância do cadastro e das plantas de valores genéricos como parâmetros decisivos na obtenção de uma arrecadação eficiente e justa. Além disso