2,439 research outputs found
Análise das possibilidades e tendências do uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação em agricultura de precisão.
Extraordinary magnetoresistance in graphite: experimental evidence for the time-reversal symmetry breaking
The ordinary magnetoresistance (MR) of doped semiconductors is positive and
quadratic in a low magnetic field, B, as it should be in the framework of the
Boltzmann kinetic theory or in the conventional hopping regime. We observe an
unusual highly-anisotropic in-plane MR in graphite, which is neither quadratic
nor always positive. In a certain current direction MR is negative and linear
in B in fields below a few tens of mT with a crossover to a positive MR at
higher fields, while in a perpendicular current direction we observe a giant
super-linear and positive MR. These extraordinary MRs are respectively
explained by a hopping magneto-conductance via non-zero angular momentum
orbitals, and by the magneto-conductance of inhomogeneous media. The linear
orbital NMR is a unique signature of the broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS) in
graphite. While some local paramagnetic centers could be responsible for the
broken TRS, the observed large diamagnetism suggests a more intriguing
mechanism of this breaking, involving superconducting clusters with
unconventional (chiral) order parameters and spontaneously generated
normal-state current loops in graphite.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Performance of the modified Becke-Johnson potential
Very recently, in the 2011 version of the Wien2K code, the long standing
shortcome of the codes based on Density Functional Theory, namely, its
impossibility to account for the experimental band gap value of semiconductors,
was overcome. The novelty is the introduction of a new exchange and correlation
potential, the modified Becke-Johnson potential (mBJLDA). In this paper, we
report our detailed analysis of this recent work. We calculated using this
code, the band structure of forty one semiconductors and found an important
improvement in the overall agreement with experiment as Tran and Blaha [{\em
Phys. Rev. Lett.} 102, 226401 (2009)] did before for a more reduced set of
semiconductors. We find, nevertheless, within this enhanced set, that the
deviation from the experimental gap value can reach even much more than 20%, in
some cases. Furthermore, since there is no exchange and correlation energy term
from which the mBJLDA potential can be deduced, a direct optimization procedure
to get the lattice parameter in a consistent way is not possible as in the
usual theory. These authors suggest that a LDA or a GGA optimization procedure
is used previous to a band structure calculation and the resulting lattice
parameter introduced into the 2011 code. This choice is important since small
percentage differences in the lattice parameter can give rise to quite higher
percentage deviations from experiment in the predicted band gap value.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 5 Table
Análise das possibilidades e tendências do uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação em Agricultura de Precisão.
Resumo: A Agricultura de Precisão (AP) tem em sua concepção a emergência de novas combinações agrotecnológicas baseadas no desenvolvimento e aplicação das tecnologias da informação e comunicação na agricultura. As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC?s) são definidas pela Agência dos Estados Unidos para Cooperação Internacional-USAID como sendo: a combinação de hardware, software e os instrumentos de produção que permitem troca, processamento e manejo da informação e do conhecimento. Então, de acordo com a USAID, as TIC's incluem tecnologias e métodos para armazenar, manejar e processar informação (e.g. computadores, softwares, livros, dispositivos móveis, livrarias digitais e não digitais) e para comunicar a informação (e.g. correio, correio eletrônico, rádio, televisão, telefones, celulares, pagers, internet, etc). Devido à combinação de agrotecnologias com as tecnologias da informação e da comunicação, a Agricultura de Precisão é vista atualmente como uma das formas mais eficientes e eficazes de se garantir a produção de alimentos para atender as necessidades alimentares de nove bilhões de habitantes da terra em 2050, com a garantia da qualidade do produto e dos recursos naturais bióticos e abióticos. Este capítulo analisa o estado da arte e as tendências futuras das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação no contexto da Agricultura de Precisão. Serão abordados os seguintes temas: Padrões para Integração de Equipamentos Agrícolas, Sistemas de Informação e na Automação de Processos e Operações Agrícolas; Computação Ubíqua e em Nuvem; Aplicações Geoespaciais; Sistemas de Suporte a Decisão; Processos Produtivos Agrícolas - Protocolos e Normas de Produção
Astrometric positions for 18 irregular satellites of giant planets from 23 years of observations
The irregular satellites of the giant planets are believed to have been
captured during the evolution of the solar system. Knowing their physical
parameters, such as size, density, and albedo is important for constraining
where they came from and how they were captured. The best way to obtain these
parameters are observations in situ by spacecrafts or from stellar occultations
by the objects. Both techniques demand that the orbits are well known. We aimed
to obtain good astrometric positions of irregular satellites to improve their
orbits and ephemeris. We identified and reduced observations of several
irregular satellites from three databases containing more than 8000 images
obtained between 1992 and 2014 at three sites (Observat\'orio do Pico dos Dias,
Observatoire de Haute-Provence, and European Southern Observatory - La Silla).
We used the software PRAIA (Platform for Reduction of Astronomical Images
Automatically) to make the astrometric reduction of the CCD frames. The UCAC4
catalog represented the International Celestial Reference System in the
reductions. Identification of the satellites in the frames was done through
their ephemerides as determined from the SPICE/NAIF kernels. Some procedures
were followed to overcome missing or incomplete information (coordinates,
date), mostly for the older images. We managed to obtain more than 6000
positions for 18 irregular satellites: 12 of Jupiter, 4 of Saturn, 1 of Uranus
(Sycorax), and 1 of Neptune (Nereid). For some satellites the number of
obtained positions is more than 50\% of what was used in earlier orbital
numerical integrations. Comparison of our positions with recent JPL ephemeris
suggests there are systematic errors in the orbits for some of the irregular
satellites. The most evident case was an error in the inclination of Carme.Comment: 9 pages, with 3 being online materia
Evidence of Josephson-coupled superconducting regions at the interfaces of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
Transport properties of a few hundreds of nanometers thick (in the graphene
plane direction) lamellae of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) have
been investigated. Current-Voltage characteristics as well as the temperature
dependence of the voltage at different fixed input currents provide evidence
for Josephson-coupled superconducting regions embedded in the internal
two-dimensional interfaces, reaching zero resistance at low enough
temperatures. The overall behavior indicates the existence of superconducting
regions with critical temperatures above 100 K at the internal interfaces of
oriented pyrolytic graphite.Comment: 6 Figures, 5 page
Prenatal Vitamin D Supplementation and Child Respiratory Health: A Randomised Controlled Trial
PMCID: PMC3691177This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Full characterization of vibrational coherence in a porphyrin chromophore by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy
In this work we present experimental and calculated two-dimensional electronic spectra for a 5,15-bisalkynyl porphyrin chromophore. The lowest energy electronic Qy transition couples mainly to a single 380 cm–1 vibrational mode. The two-dimensional electronic spectra reveal diagonal and cross peaks which oscillate as a function of population time. We analyze both the amplitude and phase distribution of this main vibronic transition as a function of excitation and detection frequencies. Even though Feynman diagrams provide a good indication of where the amplitude of the oscillating components are located in the excitation-detection plane, other factors also affect this distribution. Specifically, the oscillation corresponding to each Feynman diagram is expected to have a phase that is a function of excitation and detection frequencies. Therefore, the overall phase of the experimentally observed oscillation will reflect this phase dependence. Another consequence is that the overall oscillation amplitude can show interference patterns resulting from overlapping contributions from neighboring Feynman diagrams. These observations are consistently reproduced through simulations based on third order perturbation theory coupled to a spectral density described by a Brownian oscillator model
Efeitos da associação do farelo de aveia e barra de soja no perfil lipídico de indivíduos dislipidêmicos.
Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of Chlorophyll a: Solvent Dependent Spectral Evolution
The interaction of the monomeric chlorophyll Q-band electronic transition with solvents of differing physical-chemical properties is investigated through two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). Chlorophyll constitutes the key chromophore molecule in light harvesting complexes. It is well-known that the surrounding protein in the light harvesting complex fine-tunes chlorophyll electronic transitions to optimize energy transfer. Therefore, an understanding of the influence of the environment on the monomeric chlorophyll electronic transitions is important. The Q-band 2DES is inhomogeneous at early times, particularly in hydrogen bonding polar solvents, but also in nonpolar solvents like cyclohexane. Interestingly this inhomogeneity persists for long times, even up to the nanosecond time scale in some solvents. The reshaping of the 2DES occurs over multiple time scales and was assigned mainly to spectral diffusion. At early times the reshaping is Gaussian-like, hinting at a strong solvent reorganization effect. The temporal evolution of the 2DES response was analyzed in terms of a Brownian oscillator model. The spectral densities underpinning the Brownian oscillator fitting were recovered for the different solvents. The absorption spectra and Stokes shift were also properly described by this model. The extent and nature of inhomogeneous broadening was a strong function of solvent, being larger in H-bonding and viscous media and smaller in nonpolar solvents. The fastest spectral reshaping components were assigned to solvent dynamics, modified by interactions with the solute
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