Outcome measures for pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction: International consensus statement.

Develop multidisciplinary and international consensus on patient, disease, procedural, and perioperative factors, as well as key outcome measures and complications, to be reported for pediatric airway reconstruction studies. Standard Delphi methods were applied. Participants proposed items in three categories: 1) patient/disease characteristics, 2) procedural/intraoperative/perioperative factors, and 3) outcome measures and complications. Both general and anatomic site-specific measures were elicited. Participants also suggested specific operations to be encompassed by this project. We then used iterative ranking and review to develop consensus lists via a priori Delphi consensus criteria. Thirty-three pediatric airway experts from eight countries in North and South America, Europe, and Australia participated, representing otolaryngology (including International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group members), pulmonology, general surgery, and cardiothoracic surgery. Consensus led to inclusion of 19 operations comprising open expansion, resection, and slide procedures of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi as well as three endoscopic procedures. Consensus was achieved on multiple patient/comorbidity (10), disease/stenosis (7), perioperative-/intraoperative-/procedure-related (16) factors. Consensus was reached on multiple outcome and complication measures, both general and site-specific (8 general, 13 supraglottic, 15 glottic, 17 subglottic, 8 cervical tracheal, 12 thoracic tracheal). The group was able to clarify how each outcome should be measured, with specific instruments defined where applicable. This consensus statement provides a framework to communicate results consistently and reproducibly, facilitating meta-analyses, quality improvement, transfer of information, and surgeon self-assessment. It also clarifies expert opinion on which patient, disease, procedural, and outcome measures may be important to consider in any pediatric airway reconstruction patient. 5 Laryngoscope, 129:244-255, 2019

Redução da proteína bruta da ração para suínos machos castrados dos 15 aos 30 kg mantidos em termoneutralidade Reduction of crude protein level of ration to castrated swine from 15 to 30 kg maintained in a termoneutral environment (22ºC)

Um experimento foi conduzido para avaliar a influência da redução da proteína bruta (PB) e suplementação de aminoácidos sintéticos sobre o desempenho de suínos machos castrados mantidos em ambiente termoneutro (22&ordm;C). Foram utilizados 60 leitões mestiços (Landrace x Large White) com peso médio inicial de 15,0 kg e idade média de 53,1 dias, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (18, 17, 16, 15 e 14% PB), seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. As rações experimentais foram fornecidas à vontade até o final do experimento, quando os animais atingiram o peso médio de 30,2 kg. A temperatura média no interior da sala foi mantida em 22&ordm;C, com umidade relativa de 82,3%. O Índice de Temperatura de Globo e Umidade calculado no período foi de 69,6. Não se observou efeito da redução do nível de proteína bruta da ração sobre as variáveis de desempenho (consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar). As taxas de deposição de proteína e gordura também não foram influenciadas pela redução da PB na ração. Os tratamentos influenciaram os pesos absoluto e relativo do estômago e o peso absoluto do intestino, sendo os maiores valores observados em animais que receberam a ração com maior nível de proteína bruta. Concluiu-se que o nível de PB da ração pode ser reduzido de 18 para 14%, sem prejudicar o desempenho de suínos machos dos 15 aos 30 kg mantidos em ambiente termoneutro, desde que devidamente suplementadas com aminoácidos essenciais limitantes.<br>One experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of reduction of the crude protein (CP) level of ration with amino acid supplementation on performance of castrated males swines maintained in a termoneutral environment (22&ordm;C). A total of sixty crossbred swines (Landrace x Large White), with average initial weight of 15.0 kg and 53.1 days old, was allotted to a completely randomized design with five treatments (18, 17, 16, 15 and 14% CP), six replications and two animals per experimental unit. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum until the end of the experiment, when the animals reached the average weight of 30.2 kg. The average temperature in the room was maintained in 22&ordm;C with relative humidity of 82.3%. The Black Globe-Humidity Index (BGHI) was 69.6. No effect of decreasing dietary CP level on the evaluated performance parameters (feed intake, weight gain and feed:gain ratio) was observed. The deposition rates of protein and fat were not affected by the reduction of CP level and amino acid supplementation. The treatments affected the absolute and relative weight of stomach and absolute weight of intestine, and the highest weights were observed in the animals fed diet with the highest CP level. It was concluded that the dietary crude protein level can be reduced from 18 to 14% to castrated piglets from 15 to 30 kg maintained in a termoneutral environment with no effect on performance, since diets are supplemented with essential amino acids

An Early Function during Transcription for the Yeast mRNA Export Factor Dbp5p/Rat8p Suggested by Its Genetic and Physical Interactions with Transcription Factor IIH Components

The yeast DEAD-box protein Dbp5p/Rat8p is an essential factor for mRNA export and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is concentrated at the cytoplasmic fibrils of the nuclear pore complex where it interacts with several nucleoporins. On the basis of this localization, it has been suggested that it might participate in a terminal step of RNA export, the release from the mRNA of proteins that accompany the mRNA during translocation through nuclear pores. In this report, we present evidence linking Dbp5p to transcription. Two different screens identified genetic interactions between DBP5 and genes involved in early transcription events, initiation and promoter clearance. Mutations of transcription proteins expected to impair transcription act as suppressors of dbp5 mutants, whereas those that may act to increase transcription are synthetically lethal with dbp5 mutations. We also show that growth and mRNA export in dbp5 mutant strains are dependent on the carboxy-terminal domain of the RNA pol II largest subunit. Finally, we show that Dbp5p associates physically with components of transcription factor IIH. Because these interactions affect not only growth but also mRNA export, they are likely to reflect a functional relationship between Dbp5p and the transcription machinery. Together, our results suggest a nuclear role for Dbp5 during the early steps of transcription