Modes of Interaction Between Divorced Parents

It is not unusual for researchers as well as laypersons to refer to the behaviour of non-custidial parents who comply with legally-determined child support obligations as "cooperative", event though this term would not typically be appropirate from the perspective of formal models of expenditures on public goods [the children in this case]. We develop a model in which compliance with child support orders is ynonymous with cooperative behaviour.DIVORCE ; CHILDREN ; PARENTS

Interpreting Minimum Wage Effects on Wage Distributions: A Cautionary Tale

While it is tempting to infer the welfare effects of minimum wage changes from empirical observations on pre- and post-change wage distributions, in this exercise we have attempted to point out the hazards of doing so. We have focused on wage distributions in this paper, but this statement applies with equal force tot the case in which the lack of change in employment levels following a minimum wage increase is taken to imply welfare increases. The welfare criterion utilized in this paper, which is motivated by a simple equilibrium matching and bargaining model, reflects both employment probability and wage distribution effects of minimum wage changes and hence is preferable to any measure which takes into account only employment or wage information. While the value of the welfare measure we haven chosen is open to question, we would argue that whatever measure is finally chosen, a formal model of the labor market is required in order to meaningfully interpret minimum wage impacts on labor market outcomes. The small empirical applications we have presented usefully summarizes the general points we wish to make. First, the fact that the wage offer distribution in 1998 first order stochastically dominates the 1997 wage offer distribution does not necessarily imply an increase in welfare. Second, while we found no evidence of spillover resulting from the minimum wage increase of September 1997, within the context of our model this could only be taken to imply that there were no welfare effects of the minimum wage increase if the matching distribution satisfied condition 1 of Proposition 2. To determine whether or not this is the case requires that specific tests be conducted using information from the wage distribution above the minimum or that the equilibrium model be directly estimated and tested. Third, we have demonstrated that employment rate declines are perfectly consistent with increases in welfare. Finally, we have shown that the existence of spillover effects does not imply that a given minimum wage change was beneficial. Spillover can be good or bad, and can only be judged as beneficial within a particular model of the labor market

Equilibrium Wage and Dismissal Processes

wages ; evaluation

Rationalizing Child Support Decisions

society ; family

Expenditure Decisions of Divorced Mothers and Income Composition

income ; women ; economic equilibrium

Management of South Texas Mixed Brush With Herbicides.

72 p

Tectonic controls on post-subduction granite genesis and emplacement : the late Caledonian suite of Britain and Ireland

Rates of magma emplacement commonly vary as a function of tectonic setting. The late Caledonian granites of Britain and Ireland are associated with closure of the Iapetus Ocean and were emplaced into a varying regime of transpression and transtension throughout the Silurian and into the early Devonian. Here we evaluate a new approach for examining how magma volumes vary as a function of tectonic setting. Available radiometric ages from the late Caledonian granites are used to calculate probability density functions (age spectra), with each pluton weighted by outcrop area as a proxy for its volume. These spectra confirm an absence of magmatic activity during Iapetus subduction between c. 455 Ma and 425 Ma and a dominance of post-subduction magmas between c. 425 Ma and 380 Ma. We review possible reasons why, despite the widespread outcrop of the late Caledonian granites, magmatism appears absent during Iapetus subduction. These include shallow angle subduction or extensive erosion and tectonic removal of the arc. In contrast to previous work we find no strong difference in the age or major element chemistry of post-subduction granites across all terranes. We propose a common causal mechanism in which the down-going Iapetus oceanic slab peeled back and detached beneath the suture following final Iapetus closure. The lithospheric mantle was delaminated beneath the suture and for about 100 km back beneath the Avalonian margin. While magma generation is largely a function of gravitationally driven lithosphere delamination, strike-slip dominated kinematics in the overlying continental crust is what modulated granitic magma emplacement. Early Devonian (419–404 Ma) transtension permitted large volumes of granite emplacement, whereas the subsequent Acadian (late Early Devonian, 404–394 Ma) transpression reduced and eventually suppressed magma emplacement

Returns to mobility in the transition to a market economy

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:3597.9512(2098) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo