A new Tongue-orchid (Orchidaceae) in southwest Spain: Serapias occidentalis

Serapias occidentalis is described from several populations (Campo Lugar, Obando and Aljucén) scattered over the Guadiana river basin in Extremadura, Spain. Morphological characters defining the new species are analysed, and differences with related Serapias taxa from the Iberian Peninsula and other European countries are established. In addition, distribution, ecology and reproduction are discussed.Se describe Serapias occidentalis a partir de diferentes poblaciones (Campo Lugar, Obando y Aljucén) situadas a lo largo de la cuenca del río Guadiana en Extremadura, España. Se analizan los caracteres morfológicos que definen la nueva especie y sus diferencias con otras Serapias de la Península Ibérica y de Europa. Además, se discuten diversos aspectos de su distribución, hábitat y reproducción

Exploring Consumer and Patient Knowledge, Behavior, and Attitude Toward Medicinal and Lifestyle Products Purchased From the Internet: A Web-Based Survey.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, lifestyle products have emerged to help improve people's physical and mental performance. The Internet plays a major role in the spread of these products. However, the literature has reported issues regarding the authenticity of medicines purchased from the Internet and the impact of counterfeit medicines on public health. Little or no data are available on the authenticity of lifestyle products and actual toxicity associated with their use and misuse. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate consumer and patient attitudes toward the purchase of lifestyle products from the Internet, their knowledge of product authenticity and toxicity, and their experiences with counterfeit lifestyle products. METHODS: A Web-based study was performed between May 2014 and May 2015. Uniform collection of data was performed through an anonymous online questionnaire. Participants were invited worldwide via email, social media, or personal communication to complete the online questionnaire. A total of 320 participants completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: The results of the questionnaire showed that 208 (65.0%) participants purchased lifestyle products from the Internet mainly due to convenience and reduced cost. More than half (55.6%, 178/320) of participants purchased cosmetic products, whereas only a minority purchased medicinal products. Yet, 62.8% (201/320) of participants were aware of the presence of counterfeit lifestyle products from the Internet, and 11.9% (38/320) experienced counterfeit products. In only 0.9% (3/320) of those cases were counterfeit lifestyle products reported to authorities. Moreover, 7.2% (23/320) of the participants experienced adverse effects due to counterfeit lifestyle products. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, patients experienced counterfeit lifestyle products that resulted in adverse effects on their health. Although certain adverse effects were reported in this study, counterfeit products were underreported to authorities. Further public awareness campaigns and patient education are needed

A new Tongue-orchid (Orchidaceae) in south-west Spain: "Serapias occidentalis"

Serapias occidentalis is described from several populations (Campo Lugar, Obando and Aljucén) scattered over the Guadiana river basin in Extremadura, Spain. Morphological characters defining the new species are analysed, and differences with related Serapias taxa from the Iberian Peninsula and other European countries are established. In addition, distribution, ecology and reproduction are discussed.Se describe Serapias occidentalis a partir de diferentes poblaciones (Campo Lugar, Obando y Aljucén) situadas a lo largo de la cuenca del río Guadiana en Extremadura, España. Se analizan los caracteres morfológicos que definen la nueva especie y sus diferencias con otras Serapias de la Península Ibérica y de Europa. Además, se discuten diversos aspectos de su distribución, hábitat y reproducción

A new Tongue-orchid (Orchidaceae) in south-west Spain: "Serapias occidentalis"

Serapias occidentalis is described from several populations (Campo Lugar, Obando and Aljucén) scattered over the Guadiana river basin in Extremadura, Spain. Morphological characters defining the new species are analysed, and differences with related Serapias taxa from the Iberian Peninsula and other European countries are established. In addition, distribution, ecology and reproduction are discussed.Se describe Serapias occidentalis a partir de diferentes poblaciones (Campo Lugar, Obando y Aljucén) situadas a lo largo de la cuenca del río Guadiana en Extremadura, España. Se analizan los caracteres morfológicos que definen la nueva especie y sus diferencias con otras Serapias de la Península Ibérica y de Europa. Además, se discuten diversos aspectos de su distribución, hábitat y reproducción

Morphological systematics of Serapias L. (Orchidaceae) in Southwest Europe

Abstract. We measured morphological characters and relative DNA contents to assess variation and phylogenetic relationships among Serapias species in three populations of each of the 10 putative taxa that occur in Southwest Europe. DNA contents indicated diploidy for most species, except for tetraploid S. lingua and hexaploid S. olbia.Multivariate (discriminant) analyses yielded two main groups: a smallflowered S. parviflora group and a large-flowered S. vomeracea group.Within the S. parviflora group, S. elsae should be considered a large-flowered variation of S. strictiflora. The geographically disjunct S. gregaria and S. strictiflora are probably different taxa. In the S. vomeracea group, analyses suggest that S. neglecta and S. cordigera are closely related. Serapias cordigera from the southwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula is probably a subspecies, S. perez-chiscanoi was separated from all other species and S. occidentalis was morphologically intermediate between S. cordigera and S. vomeracea, suggesting a hybrid origin, with the latter two taxa as parents