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Temporal Variation In The Carrying Capacity Of A Perennial Grass Population
Density dependence and, therefore, K (carrying capacity, equilibrium population size) are central to understanding and predicting changes in population size (N). Although resource levels certainly fluctuate, K has almost always been treated as constant in both theoretical and empirical studies. We quantified temporal variation in K by fitting extensions of standard population dynamic models to 16 annual censuses of a population of the perennial bunch-grass Bouteloua rigidiseta. Variable-K models provided substantially better fits to the data than did models that varied the potential rate of population increase. The distribution of estimated values of K was skewed, with a long right tail (i.e., a few >jackpot> years). The population did not track K closely. Relatively slow responses to changes in K combined with large, rapid changes in K sometimes caused N to be far from K. In 13%-20% of annual intervals, K was so much larger than N that the population's dynamics were best described by geometric growth and the population was, in effect, unregulated. Explicitly incorporating temporal variation in K substantially improved the realism of models with little increase in model complexity and provided novel information about this population's dynamics. Similar methods would be applicable to many other data sets.Integrative Biolog
Effective speed of sound in phononic crystals
A new formula for the effective quasistatic speed of sound in 2D and 3D
periodic materials is reported. The approach uses a monodromy-matrix operator
to enable direct integration in one of the coordinates and exponentially fast
convergence in others. As a result, the solution for has a more closed form
than previous formulas. It significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy
of evaluating for high-contrast composites as demonstrated by a 2D example
with extreme behavior.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Rabbits and the Specious Origins of Domestication
Rabbits are commonly thought to have been domesticated in ∼AD600 by French monks. Using historical and archaeological records, and genetic methods, we demonstrate that this is a misconception and the general inability to date domestication stems from both methodological biases and the lack of appreciation of domestication as a continuum
New limits on anomalous contributions to the Wtb vertex
The authors would like to thank the Center for Theoretical Physics of the Physics Department at the New York City College of Technology, for providing computing power from their High-Performance Computing Cluster. The work of M.C.N. Fiolhais was supported by FCT Grant No. SFRH/BPD/100379/2014. The work of C. M. Pease was partly supported by Macaulay Honors College. The authors would also like to thank Juan Antonio Aguilar-Saavedra and Nuno F. Castro for a long time collaboration.The latest and most precise top quark measurements at the LHC and Tevatron are used to establish new limits on the Wtb vertex. Recent results on the measurements of the W-boson helicity fractions and single top quark production cross section are combined in order to establish new limits at 95% CL (confidence level). The allowed regions for these limits are presented, for the first time, in three-dimensional graphics, for both real and imaginary components of the different anomalous couplings, providing a new perspective on the impact of the combination of different physics observables. These results are also combined with the prospected future measurement of the single top quark production cross section and W-boson helicity fractions at the LHC.The authors would like to thank the Center for Theoretical Physics of the Physics Department at the New York City College of Technology, for providing computing power from their High-Performance Computing Cluster. The work of M.C.N. Fiolhais was supported by FCT Grant No. SFRH/BPD/100379/2014. TheworkofC.M.PeasewaspartlysupportedbyMacaulay Honors College. The authors would also like to thank Juan Antonio Aguilar-Saavedra and Nuno F. Castro for a long time collaboration
Use of ERTS-1 data to assess and monitor change in the Southern California environment
There are no author-identified significant results in this report
Global constraints on top quark anomalous couplings
The latest results on top quark physics, namely single top quark production cross sections, W-boson helicity and asymmetry measurements are used to probe the Lorentz structure of the Wtb vertex. The increase of sensitivity to new anomalous physics contributions to the top quark sector of the standard model is quantified by combining the relevant results from Tevatron and the Large Hadron Collider. The results show that combining an increasing set of available precision measurements in the search for new physics phenomena beyond the standard model leads to significant sensitivity improvements, especially when compared with the current expectation for the High Luminosity run at the LHC.This work was supported by the PSC-CUNY Grant 60061-00 48.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
On the effective shear speed in 2D phononic crystals
The quasistatic limit of the antiplane shear-wave speed ('effective speed')
in 2D periodic lattices is studied. Two new closed-form estimates of
are derived by employing two different analytical approaches. The first
proceeds from a standard background of the plane wave expansion (PWE). The
second is a new approach, which resides in -space and centers on
the monodromy matrix (MM) introduced in the 2D case as the multiplicative
integral, taken in one coordinate, of a matrix with components being the
operators with respect to the other coordinate. On the numerical side, an
efficient PWE-based scheme for computing is proposed and implemented. The
analytical and numerical findings are applied to several examples of 2D square
lattices with two and three high-contrast components, for which the new PWE and
MM estimates are compared with the numerical data and with some known
approximations. It is demonstrated that the PWE estimate is most efficient in
the case of densely packed stiff inclusions, especially when they form a
symmetric lattice, while in general it is the MM estimate that provides the
best overall fitting accuracy.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
North-South dialogues: reflecting on working transnationally with young men, masculinities and gender justice
Dialoguing across national borders and specifically global North-South centres and
margins has increasingly been viewed as a way to enhance critical and feminist studies
and engagement with men and masculinities. This article draws on narratives
generated by a group of researchers in South Africa and Finland who have been
engaged in a transnational research project that included a strong focus on young men,
masculinities and gender and sexual justice. The piece provides an account of the
nuanced and complex experiences and dynamics involved in transnational research
collaboration, particularly within the framework on historical and continued inequalities
between the global North and South. While obvious benefits are raised, this
experience also foregrounds a range of challenges and constraints involved in
transnational research collaboration within this field and possibly many others. Key
learnings gleaned from this analysis of reported experiences and thoughts include the
importance of careful, considered and critical reflexivity at all moments and at all
levels, both in interpersonal and intergroup relations, as well as in public representation
of collaborative work
Byzantine Gathering in Networks
This paper investigates an open problem introduced in [14]. Two or more
mobile agents start from different nodes of a network and have to accomplish
the task of gathering which consists in getting all together at the same node
at the same time. An adversary chooses the initial nodes of the agents and
assigns a different positive integer (called label) to each of them. Initially,
each agent knows its label but does not know the labels of the other agents or
their positions relative to its own. Agents move in synchronous rounds and can
communicate with each other only when located at the same node. Up to f of the
agents are Byzantine. A Byzantine agent can choose an arbitrary port when it
moves, can convey arbitrary information to other agents and can change its
label in every round, in particular by forging the label of another agent or by
creating a completely new one.
What is the minimum number M of good agents that guarantees deterministic
gathering of all of them, with termination?
We provide exact answers to this open problem by considering the case when
the agents initially know the size of the network and the case when they do
not. In the former case, we prove M=f+1 while in the latter, we prove M=f+2.
More precisely, for networks of known size, we design a deterministic algorithm
gathering all good agents in any network provided that the number of good
agents is at least f+1. For networks of unknown size, we also design a
deterministic algorithm ensuring the gathering of all good agents in any
network but provided that the number of good agents is at least f+2. Both of
our algorithms are optimal in terms of required number of good agents, as each
of them perfectly matches the respective lower bound on M shown in [14], which
is of f+1 when the size of the network is known and of f+2 when it is unknown
Probing the CP nature of the Higgs coupling in tt¯h events at the LHC
The determination of the CP nature of the Higgs coupling to top quarks is addressed in this paper, using t¯th events produced in √s=13  TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC. Dileptonic final states are employed, with two oppositely charged leptons and four jets, corresponding to the decays t→bW+→bℓ+νℓ, ¯t→¯bW−→¯bℓ−¯νℓ, and h→b¯b. Pure scalar (h=H), pure pseudoscalar (h=A), and CP-violating Higgs boson signal events, generated with MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, are fully reconstructed through a kinematic fit. We furthermore generate samples that have both a CP-even and a CP-odd component in the t¯th coupling in order to probe the ratio of the two components. New angular distributions of the decay products, as well as CP angular asymmetries, are explored in order to separate the scalar from the pseudoscalar components of the Higgs boson and reduce the contribution from the dominant irreducible background, t¯tb¯b. Significant differences between the angular distributions and asymmetries are observed, even after the full kinematic fit reconstruction of the events, allowing to define the best observables for a global fit of the Higgs couplings parameters.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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