Processing and mechanical properties of novel biodegradable poly-lactic acid/Zn 3D printed scaffolds for application in tissue regeneration

The feasibility to manufacture scaffolds of poly-lactic acid reinforced with Zn particles by fused filament fabrication is demonstrated for the first time. Filaments of 2.85 mm in diameter of PLA reinforced with different weight fractions of $\mu$m-sized Zn - 1 wt. \% Mg alloy particles (in the range 3.5 to 17.5 wt. \%) were manufactured by a double extrusion in method in which standard extrusion is followed by a precision extrusion in a filament-maker machine. Filaments with constant diameter, negligible porosity and a homogeneous reinforcement distribution were obtained for Zn weight fractions of up to 10.5\%. It was found that the presence of Zn particles led to limited changes in the physico-chemical properties of the PLA that did not affect the window temperature for 3D printing nor the melt flow index. Thus, porous scaffolds could be manufactured by fused filament fabrication at 190\textdegree C with poly-lactic acid/Zn composites containing 3.5 and 7 wt. \% of Zn and at 170\textdegree C when the Zn content was 10.5 wt. \% with excellent dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties

Resultados del estudio geológico a escala 1/25.000 del término municipal de Madrid.

Se exponen de forma abreviada los rasgos en cuanto a metodología y conclusiones del estudio geológico a escala 1/25000 realizado en el Municipio de Madrid en los años 1982/83. Las diferentes unidades expresadas en la cartografiase describen en función de las pautas mayores observables en los materiales que forman cada una de ellas, analizándose sus relaciones estratigráficas. El Proyecto «Estudio Geológico a escala 1/25000 del Término Municipal de Madrid ha sido llevado a cabo a lo largo de los años 1982-83 como resultado de la colaboración científica entre diversos organismos de la Administración (Facultad de CC. Geológicas-Universidad Complutense, Instituto Geológico y Minero. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Instituto de Geología de Madrid-CSIC, y otros). Constituye una de las áreas de actuación definidas dentro del Convenio de Colaboración Técnica y Cultural para el conocimiento de las Características del Suelo y Subsuelo de Madrid», propiciado y patrocinado por el Excmo. Ayuntamiento. La financiación del proyecto especifico de Geología ha sido realizada íntegramente por el IGME, organismo encargado además de su supervisión. El desarrollo del Proyecto tiene un marcado carácter interdisciplinar, fruto del trasvase de información entre los distintos grupos que abarca el Convenio general (aparte de los ya referidos, el SGOP, COPLACO, Laboratorio «José Luis Escario» siendo precisamente uno de los objetivos del trabajo el servir de apoyo a las restantes áreas de investigación. Los estudios geológicos realizados se plasman en un total de siete mapas a escala 1/25000 elaborados según la normativa Magna de cartografía geológica mapas que toman como referencia, aunque en algunos casos no las completan y en otros adosan porciones de hojas adyacentes, las hojas 1/25000 de Madrid, Alcorcón, El Pardo, San Femando de Henares, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Alcobendas y Castillo de Viñuelas

Genome-Wide Analysis of the World's Sheep Breeds Reveals High Levels of Historic Mixture and Strong Recent Selection

Genomic structure in a global collection of domesticated sheep reveals a history of artificial selection for horn loss and traits relating to pigmentation, reproduction, and body size

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

RESCUhE Project: Cultural Heritage vulnerability in a changing and directional climate

[EN] RESCUhE Project (Improving structural RESilience of Cultural HEritage to directional extreme hydro-meteorological events in the context of the Climate Change) is a coordinated IGME-UAM research project funded by Spanish Government (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). The framework of this research is the predicted increase in climate change vulnerability of heritage sites and the current disconnection between both environmental research on material decay and the practical aspects of designing preventive conservation measurements.RESCUhE Project (Improving structural RESilience of Cultural HEritage to directional extreme hydro-meteorological events in the context of the Climate Change) is a coordinated IGME-UAM research project funded by Spanish Government (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).Peer reviewe

La escultura de San Isidoro de León y su relación con otros talleres del Camino

In this article I analyse some of the formal aspects of the sculpture at St Isidore of León which help us locate its stonework in relationship with other centres on the Road to Santiago de Compostela and can contribute to reflecting on the development of the building works of the Isidorian compound. The sculpture in the Pantheon leads us to the southwest of France, and particularly to Toulouse and a number of focuses which, on their turn, echo the influence of the great workshop at Saint-Sernin. In the instance of the church, the sculpture works suggest that its construction followed a more or less continuous rhythm from its very beginnings, under the auspices of Queen Urraca, until the transept was completed, which should not be placed at a time frame later than that at Santiago de Compostela.En este artículo se analizan algunos aspectos formales de la escultura de San Isidoro de León, que ayudan a situar la cantería en relación con otros centros del Camino de Santiago y pueden contribuir a la reflexión sobre el desarrollo de los trabajos de construcción del conjunto isidoriano. La escultura del Panteón conduce hacia el suroeste de Francia, en concreto hacia Toulouse y hacia una serie de focos que, a su vez, reflejan la influencia del gran taller de Saint-Sernin. En el caso de la iglesia, los trabajos escultóricos apuntan que la construcción siguió un ritmo más o menos continuado desde sus inicios, bajo los auspicios de la infanta Urraca, hasta el cerramiento del transepto, que no debe situarse en un marco cronológico posterior al de Santiago de Compostela

Alfonso VI y el monasterio de Sahagún: nuevos testimonios sobre la construcción del templo monástico

El monasterio de Sahagún vivió su etapa más brillante a finales del siglo XI y comienzos de la centuria siguiente, periodo en el que se encontraba bajo la protección de Alfonso VI. La parcial limpieza llevada a cabo en las ruinas del templo permite constatar la existencia de una cabecera levantada en época alfonsí, cuyas formas artísticas y las marcas de cantero utilizadas contrastan con las del transepto, construido en la segunda mitad del siglo XII.Monastery of Sahagún lived its most brilliant period at the end of 11th Century and the beginning of the next one, when it was under the protection of Alfonso VI. As the ruins have been partially cleaned, we can confirm that the apses of the abacial churh were built at the end of the I Century; the arqueology of architecture and the masons' marks are diferent from those of the crossing, which dates from the second half of the 12th Century

Alfonso VI y el monasterio de Sahagún: nuevos testimonios sobre la construcción del templo monástico

El monasterio de Sahagún vivió su etapa más brillante a finales del siglo XI y comienzos de la centuria siguiente, periodo en el que se encontraba bajo la protección de Alfonso VI. La parcial limpieza llevada a cabo en las ruinas del templo permite constatar la existencia de una cabecera levantada en época alfonsí, cuyas formas artísticas y las marcas de cantero utilizadas contrastan con las del transepto, construido en la segunda mitad del siglo XII.Monastery of Sahagún lived its most brilliant period at the end of 11th Century and the beginning of the next one, when it was under the protection of Alfonso VI. As the ruins have been partially cleaned, we can confirm that the apses of the abacial churh were built at the end of the I Century; the arqueology of architecture and the masons' marks are diferent from those of the crossing, which dates from the second half of the 12th Century

Transgenerational paternal inheritance of the toxic effects of bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor widespread used in manufacturing of food, drink and sanitary plastic devices as well as thermal paper, resulting in a long-term exposure in humans. Relevant concentrations of BPA in human urine have been related to different pathologies. Indeed, it is well known that either direct exposure to BPA or maternal exposure during pregnancy, promotes metabolic alterations, reproductive disorders or cardiovascular diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms are thought to represent the most plausible targets through which BPA could have long-lasting effects since it can accumulate in adipose tissue of testicles allowing modifications in spermatozoa DNA methylation pattern, thus affecting indirectly the offspring. In this scenario, the aim of our work is to assess whether paternal exposure to BPA causes changes in DNA methylation which could lie behind phenotypic alterations in the progeny

New tools for genome preservation: Grafting germinal cells in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the only cells in developing embryos with the potential to transmit genetic information to the next generation, making them excellent candidates for gene banking and cryopreservation (Saito et al., 2008). PGCs originate from the germ cell line, producing spermatogonia and oogonia, which, in turn, preserve two main functions: self-renewal and production of gametes. The potential of primordial germ cells to resume gametogenesis after intra- or inter-specific grafting has been reported for a limited number of species during the last years (Takeuchi et al., 2004; Yoshizaki et al., 2010). These findings opened great expectations for the development of new biotechnologies in aquaculture, the possibility to generate germ-line quimeras for surrogate production being one of the most suggested option. Recent studies showed that this ability is maintained in more differentiated cells of the germinal line, the spermatogonia (Okutsu et al., 2006; Lacerda et al., 2010; Yazawa et al., 2010), which are easier to obtain from immature testes. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to evaluate the use of these tools in the conservation programmes of brown trout populations from the Northwest of Spain, which are threatened by extinction. In this work we wanted to check the effectiveness of the protocols for testes dissociation and spermatogonia enrichment of this species and evaluate the ability of cells to colonize the host gonads after intra-specific grafting.Research supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, PGCFISH (AGL2008-02172) project.Peer Reviewe