Normal and Abnormal Personality Traits are Associated with Marital Satisfaction for both Men and Women: An Actor–Partner Interdependence Model Analysis

Research has demonstrated associations between relationship satisfaction and personality traits. Using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model, we explored associations between self-reported relationship satisfaction in couples (n = 118) and various measures of normal and abnormal personality, including higher-order dimensions of PE/Extraversion, NE/Neuroticism, Constraint (CON), and their lower-order facets. We also examined gender differences and moderators of associations. Consistent with the Vulnerability Stress Adaptation Model, self- and partner-reported NE and PE were related to satisfaction, and their lower-order traits demonstrated differential associations with satisfaction. Further, abnormal personality traits specific to the interpersonal domain and personality disorder symptoms demonstrated effects. Relationship length emerged as a significant moderator, with associations weakening as relationship duration increased

Petrological studies of Devonian rocks in Scotland and cretaceous rocks in Canada

Sedimentological, petrological and geochemical studies have been carried out to analyse the process of calcretization and to understand the influence of environment of deposition on sandstone diagenesis. The sediments examined come from Lower Old Red Sandstones (Lr. Devonian) of eastern Scotland and hydrocarbon bearing Viking, Cardium and Belly River Formations (Cretaceous) of southcentral Canada. Some scepticism has been expressed regarding the occurrence of displacive calcite but this type of growth has been found in the calcrete profiles in Lower Old Red Sandstones of Carnoustie, east Scotland. This thesis presents fresh petrographic evidence of expansion and isolation of clastic grains by growing calcite crystals. The morphology of calcite crystals observed under cathodoluminescence provide compelling evidence that they are not a passive pore filling cement but have grown in confined spaces from supersaturated solutions by displacing the constraining medium. Field relationships suggest that the calcite was generated within the vadose zone where crystallization was promoted by rapid surface evaporation leading to supersaturation. A two-water model based on petrological and geochemical criteria has been suggested to explain the mechanism of growth of displacive calcite crystals (Chapter - IV). The recognition of displacive calcite is highly significant as it offers insight into paleoclimatic conditions and diagenetic history. Crystal morphologies observed under cathodoluminescence and microprobe data suggests that the displacive calcite was originally low Mg-calcite and grew from rapidly evaporating fresh pore waters with extremely low Mg/Ca ratios. The growth of originally low Mg-calcite and absence of palygorskite, sepiolite and dolomite in the Carnoustie calcretes is considered significant and it has been emphasized that no one process applies to all calcretes and the chemistry of pore waters and micro-environmental conditions within the pores are major significant factors controlling process of calcretization. The comparisons drawn between the diagenetic products observed in the Lower Old Red Sandstone and the Viking, Cardium and Belly River Formations suggest that the detrital mineralogy and aqueous solutions migrating through the pore system of sandstones are the two major factors that accomplish all the complex chemical reactions during diagenesis. In general, the Viking, Cardium and Belly River sediments show large variations in their pre-burial early diagenetic histories within small areas (even between adjoining wells) while the Lr. Old Red Sandstone show a monotonous paragenetic sequence over the entire area. This is compatible with the expected variations in the pore-fluid chemistry and micro-environmental conditions within the pores deduced from the depositional environments of these sediments. Hence it has been concluded that the pre-burial early diagenetic processes and products in clastic sediments are controlled by their environment of deposition which subsequently could influence the course of late stage diagenesis as well

The symmetric N-matrix completion problem

An $n\times n$ matrix is called an $N$-matrix if all its principal minors are negative. In this paper, we are interested in the symmetric $N$-matrix completion problem, that is, when a partial symmetric $N$-matrix has a symmetric $N$-matrix completion. Here, we prove that a partial symmetric $N$-matrix has a symmetric $N$-matrix completion if the graph of its specified entries is chordal. Furthermore, if this graph is not chordal, then examples exist without symmetric $N$-matrix completions. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a symmetric $N$-matrix completion of a partial symmetric $N$-matrix whose associated graph is a cycle are given.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - Programa Operacional "Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação" (POCTI). Spanish DGI - grant number BFM2001-0081-C03-02. Generalitat Valenciana - GRUPOS03/062

Nationally representative trends and geographic variation in treatment of localized prostate cancer: the Urologic Diseases in America project

BACKGROUND: Several treatment options for clinically localized prostate cancer currently exist under the established guidelines. We aim to assess nationally representative trends in treatment over time and determine potential geographic variation using two large national claims registries. METHODS: Men with prostate cancer insured by Medicare (1998-2006) or a private insurer (Ingenix database, 2002-2006) were identified using International Classification of Diseases-9 and Current Procedural Terminology-4 codes. Geographic variation and trends in the type of treatment utilized over time were assessed. Geographic data were mapped using the GeoCommons online mapping platform. Predictors of any treatment were determined using a hierarchical generalized linear mixed model using the logit link function. RESULTS: The use of radical prostatectomy increased, 33-48%, in the privately insured i3 database while remaining stable at 12% in the Medicare population. There was a rapid uptake in the use of newer technologies over time in both the Medicare and i3 cohorts. The use of laparoscopic-assisted prostatectomy increased from 1% in 2002 to 41% in 2006 in i3 patients, whereas the incidence increased from 3% in 2002 to 35% in 2006 for Medicare patients. The use of neoadjuvant/adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy was lower in the i3 cohort and has decreased over time in both i3 and Medicare. Physician density had an impact on the type of primary treatment received in the New England region; however, this trend was not seen in the western or southern regions of the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Using two large national claims registries, we have demonstrated trends over time and substantial geographic variation in the type of primary treatment used for localized prostate cancer. Specifically, there has been a large increase in the use of newer technologies (that is, laparoscopic-assisted prostatectomy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy). These results elucidate the need for improved data collection on prostate cancer treatment outcomes to reduce unwarranted variation in care

Migratory winter bag-net fishery in coastal waters of the Hooghly estuary

The migratory winter big-net fishery is a typical feature of the coastal waters of the Hooghly estuary, 4,000 man with about 800 bag-nets migrated from different estuarine areas and established fishing camps In different islands during 1934 85 and 1985-86. Three and a half months seasonal fishery accounted for an average estimated fish yield of 17,872 t, forming about 71% of the total fish yield from the estuary as against 29% to 33% about 15 year* ago. An average catch per unit of effort of 152 kg was about 18 to 36 times that obtained in the upper and middle stretches and about 3 times more than that 15 years ago in the lower coastal waters. Harpodon nehereus, Trichlurus spp., Psma pama, Setipinna spp. and different species of prawns dominated in the catches. The bulk of the catches are tundrlsd and exported to marketing centres. The reasons for tremendous increase in the winter migratory bag-net catches have been discusse

The high mental health burden of "Long COVID" and its association with on-going physical and respiratory symptoms in all adults discharged from hospital

Adults discharged from hospital with COVID-19 may experience 'Long COVID', where mental health symptoms are significant and linked to physical symptoms such as breathlessness. Clinicians should use brief screening questionnaires to support their recovery

Numerical Construction of LISS Lyapunov Functions under a Small Gain Condition

In the stability analysis of large-scale interconnected systems it is frequently desirable to be able to determine a decay point of the gain operator, i.e., a point whose image under the monotone operator is strictly smaller than the point itself. The set of such decay points plays a crucial role in checking, in a semi-global fashion, the local input-to-state stability of an interconnected system and in the numerical construction of a LISS Lyapunov function. We provide a homotopy algorithm that computes a decay point of a monotone op- erator. For this purpose we use a fixed point algorithm and provide a function whose fixed points correspond to decay points of the monotone operator. The advantage to an earlier algorithm is demonstrated. Furthermore an example is given which shows how to analyze a given perturbed interconnected system.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figures, 4 table

Is pre-operative urodynamic bladder function the true predictor of outcome of male sling for post prostatectomy incontinence?

PURPOSE: To investigate pre-operative urodynamic parameters in male sling patients to ascertain whether this might better predict surgical outcomes and facilitate patient selection. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, case notes and video-urodynamics, review of men who underwent AdVanceXP male sling in three London hospitals between 2012 and 2019. Urodynamics were performed in all centres, while retrograde leak point pressure (RLPP) was performed in one centre. RESULTS: Successful outcome was seen in 99/130 (76%) of men who required one pad or less per day. The dry rate was 51%. Pad usage was linked to worse surgical outcomes, mean 2.6 (range 1-6.5) for success vs 3.6 (range 1-10) although the ranges were wide (p = 0.002). 24 h pad weight also reached statistical significance (p = 0.05), with a mean of 181 g for success group versus 475 g for the non-successful group. The incidence of DO in the non-successful group was significantly higher than in successful group (55% versus 29%, p = 0.0009). Bladder capacity less than 250 ml was also associated with worse outcomes (p = 0.003). Reduced compliance was not correlated with outcomes (31% for success groups vs 45% for non-successful group, p = 0.15). Preoperative RLPP was performed in 60/130 patients but did not independently reach statistical significance (p = 0.25). CONCLUSION: Urodynamic parameters related to bladder function-detrusor overactivity and reduced maximum cystometric capacity predict male sling outcomes and may help in patient selection for male sling (or sphincter) surgery; whereas urodynamic parameters of sphincter incompetency (RLPP) were not predictive. Further larger scale studies are required to confirm these findings

Alterations in functional connectivity for language in prematurely born adolescents

Recent data suggest recovery of language systems but persistent structural abnormalities in the prematurely born. We tested the hypothesis that subjects who were born prematurely develop alternative networks for processing language. Subjects who were born prematurely (n = 22; 600–1250 g birth weight), without neonatal brain injury on neonatal cranial ultrasound, and 26 term control subjects were examined with a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) semantic association task, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III) and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF). In-magnet task accuracy and response times were calculated, and fMRI data were evaluated for the effect of group on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation, the correlation between task accuracy and activation and the functional connectivity between regions activating to task. Although there were differences in verbal IQ and CELF scores between the preterm (PT) and term control groups, there were no significant differences for either accuracy or response time for the in-magnet task. Both groups activated classic semantic processing areas including the left superior and middle temporal gyri and inferior frontal gyrus, and there was no significant difference in activation patterns between groups. Clear differences between the groups were observed in the correlation between task accuracy and activation to task at P < 0.01, corrected for multiple comparisons. Left inferior frontal gyrus correlated with accuracy only for term controls and left sensory motor areas correlated with accuracy only for PT subjects. Left middle temporal gyri correlated with task accuracy for both groups. Connectivity analyses at P < 0.001 revealed the importance of a circuit between left middle temporal gyri and inferior frontal gyrus for both groups. In addition, the PT subjects evidenced greater connectivity between traditional language areas and sensory motor areas but significantly fewer correlated areas within the frontal lobes when compared to term controls. We conclude that at 12 years of age, children born prematurely and children born at term had no difference in performance on a simple lexical semantic processing task and activated similar areas. Connectivity analyses, however, suggested that PT subjects rely upon different neural pathways for lexical semantic processing when compared to term controls. Plasticity in network connections may provide the substrate for improving language skills in the prematurely born