Building a Web-Features Taxonomy for Structuring Web Design Guidelines

This paper proposes a framework for structuring web design guidelines that incorporates the hierarchies of web features and their semantic relationships with HTML and CSS. It is argued that this approach will be synchronous with the mental model of web designers, thus making the guidelines more usable. In addition, this approach embraces both external and internal aspects of web design, so there is little compromise on the coverage of web design issues. An experiment was conducted to compare the relative effectiveness of the proposed framework with other guideline structures (e.g., principle-oriented and a mixture of principle and feature-oriented). There was evidence that the principle-oriented guidelines performed worse than the other structures, but the analyses failed to establish that the proposed framework as the most effective. The experiment showed promising results but it suffered from small sample size. In spite of this, it is believed that the proposed taxonomy and framework has laid the groundwork for future research.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Flight Lieutenant Peach's observations on Burning Feet Syndrome in Far Eastern Prisoners of War 1942-45.

Introduction: ‘Burning Feet Syndrome’ affected up to one third of Far Eastern Prisoners of War in World War 2. Recently discovered medical records, produced by RAF Medical Officer Nowell Peach whilst in captivity, are the first to detail neurological examinations of patients with this condition. Methods: The 54 sets of case notes produced at the time were analysed using modern diagnostic criteria to determine if the syndrome can be retrospectively classed as neuropathic pain. Results: With a history of severe malnutrition raising the possibility of a peripheral polyneuropathy, and a neuroanatomically plausible pain distribution, this analysis showed that Burning Feet Syndrome can now be described as a ‘possible’ neuropathic pain syndrome. Conclusion: After 70 years, the data painstakingly gathered under the worst of circumstances have proved to be of interest and value in modern diagnostics of neuropathic pain

Developments in cell biology for quantitative immunoelectron microscopy based on thin sections: a review

Quantitative immunoelectron microscopy uses ultrathin sections and gold particle labelling to determine distributions of molecules across cell compartments. Here, we review a portfolio of new methods for comparing labelling distributions between different compartments in one study group (method 1) and between the same compartments in two or more groups (method 2). Specimen samples are selected unbiasedly and then observed and expected distributions of gold particles are estimated and compared by appropriate statistical procedures. The methods can be used to analyse gold label distributed between volume-occupying (organelle) and surface-occupying (membrane) compartments, but in method 1, membranes must be treated as organelles. With method 1, gold counts are combined with stereological estimators of compartment size to determine labelling density (LD). For volume-occupiers, LD can be expressed simply as golds per test point and, for surface-occupiers, as golds per test line intersection. Expected distributions are generated by randomly assigning gold particles to compartments and expressing observed/expected counts as a relative labelling index (RLI). Preferentially-labelled compartments are identified from their RLI values and by Chi-squared analysis of observed and expected distributions. For method 2, the raw gold particle counts distributed between compartments are simply compared across groups by contingency table and Chi-squared analysis. This identifies the main compartments responsible for the differences between group distributions. Finally, we discuss labelling efficiency (the number of gold particles per target molecule) and describe how it can be estimated for volume- or surface-occupiers by combining stereological data with biochemical determinations

Governing the UN Sustainable Development Goals: Interactions, Infrastructures, and Institutions

Three of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) concerned health. There is only one health goal in 17 proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Critiques of the MDGs included missed opportunities to realise positive interactions between goals. Here we report on an interdisciplinary analytical review of the SDG process, in which experts in different SDG areas identified potential interactions through a series of interdisciplinary workshops. This process generated a framework that reveals potential conflicts and synergies between goals, and how their interactions might be governed

Legislative Participation in the EU: An analysis of questions, speeches, motions and declarations in the 7th European Parliament

Which legislative activities in the European Parliament are ‘pluralistic’ – i.e. undertaken by all Members of the European Parliament, irrespective of legislative and electoral status? What type of parliamentary activity – if any – is dominated by party leaderships or vote-seekers in the European Union? This study will advance our knowledge of legislative politics in the EU by determining whether its legislature conforms to expectations from the legislative behaviour literature. This study compares the participation patterns in the EP7 (2009–2014) parliamentary questions, speeches, motions and written declarations via multilevel negative binomial regression. It makes use of a dataset on activity levels and demographics of 842 individual Members of the European Parliament serving between 2009 and 2014. The findings highlight that highly procedurally constrained activities, such as speeches and oral questions, are dominated by frontbenchers and vote-seekers, while procedurally ‘freer’ activities – written questions in particular – are very representative of the population of Members of the European Parliament. The analysis finds that there are both ‘pluralistic’ and vote-seeking activities in the ‘second order’ EU legislature, and that participation patterns broadly conform to patterns found in other established representative democracies

Inclusive growth in English cities: mainstreamed or sidelined?

<p>The concept of inclusive growth is increasingly presented as offering prospects for more equitable social outcomes. However, inclusive growth is subject to a variety of interpretations and lacks definitional clarity. In England, via devolution, cities are taking on new powers for policy domains that can influence inclusive growth outcomes. This opens up opportunities for innovation to address central issues of low pay and poverty. This paper examines the extent to which inclusive growth concerns form a central or peripheral aspect in this new devolution through the content analysis of devolution agreements. It concludes that inclusive growth concerns appear to be largely sidelined.</p

Political Party Mortality in Established Party Systems:A Hierarchical Competing Risks Approach

Existing scholarship offers few answers to fundamental questions about the mortality of political parties in established party systems. Linking party research to the organization literature, we conceptualize two types of party death, dissolution and merger, reflecting distinct theoretical rationales. They underpin a new framework on party organizational mortality theorizing three sets of factors: those shaping mortality generally and those shaping dissolution or merger death exclusively. We test this framework on a new data set covering the complete life cycles of 184 parties that entered 21 consolidated party systems over the last five decades, resorting to multilevel competing risks models to estimate the impact of party and country characteristics on the hazards of both types of death. Our findings not only show that dissolution and merger death are driven by distinct factors, but also that they represent separate logics not intrinsically related at either the party or systemic level

Adult North Star Network (ANSN): Consensus Document for Therapists Working with Adults with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) - Therapy Guidelines

BACKGROUND The survival of people with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) significantly increased due to improvements in standards of care (SOC) [1]. Consequently, DMD has evolved from a paediatric disease to a severe, chronic, multisystem, adult condition. The published international standards of care advocate specialist multidisciplinary health monitoring through proactive, anticipatory approaches to slow down the effects of the disease and allow advanced, informed decision-making [1–3]. Therapy starts as soon as the diagnosis is made and plays a vital role in symptom management in individuals to improve function, participation and effective quality of life. Therapy interventions for management, differ depending on the setting in which the care is being provided, specifically in terms of the expertise within the teams and resources available within these settings. People with DMD find that when they transition to adult services there is a dearth of expertise and limited access to therapy services. The survey conducted in the UK highlighted substantial differences between the care received by adults and children with the condition [2]. A large proportion of adults with DMD reported increased difficulties with access to professional physiotherapy, particularly at transition from childhood to adulthood. Additionally, having their functional abilities assessed regularly or receiving professional physiotherapy in general were both significantly more difficult to achieve within adult services in the UK. Furthermore, some of the major problems expressed by adults with DMD were mobility and transportation as well as, getting involved in leisure activities and work [3]. Therefore, while pediatric services are predominantly family-centred, after transition the paradigm of patient care changes towards individual-centred with focus on different therapy goals. Those become more tailored to the individuals’ needs, balancing quality of life and management options.This document is aimed at providing guidelines for physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech and language considerations. The ‘Adult North Star Network’ (ANSN) was founded in 2015 to advance care of adults with DMD living in the UK and to develop a prospective natural history database. There are currently 28 adult centres within the network, caring for at least 700 DMD patients. Transition age is varied depending on services and is generally between the ages of 16 to 18. There is a wide range of severity affecting people with DMD transitioned to adult services, those who are steroid naive will have been permanent wheelchair users for many years and have profound muscle weakness. On the other hand, steroid treated patients will most commonly have good upper limb function, and some maybe ambulant at the time of transition. Additionally the specific type of genetic mutation, compliance to therapy and environmental factors may play a role in disease progression and presentation at transition. The aim of these guidelines is to support therapists working with adults with DMD with little or no experience to assist their clinical practice. Whilst the recommendations can be adopted by other health care systems in the world, we appreciate it will depend on resource availability

Femmes et hommes face aux grossesses non prévues au Maroc et au Sénégal

Cet article étudie la manière dont les femmes ou les couples gèrent les grossesses non prévues dans les capitales du Maroc et du Sénégal (Rabat et Dakar), deux pays soumis à des règles strictes en matière de sexualité des célibataires. Nous analysons les logiques sociales et individuelles qui prévalent à l'annonce d'une grossesse inattendue et la manière dont se prennent les décisions qui vont aboutir à la poursuite de cette grossesse ou à son interruption. Nous nous basons sur des données qualitatives tirées d'un programme financé par l'Union Européenne entre 2005 et 2009, sur l'usage de la contraception d'urgence dans les villes africaines. Nos résultats montrent qu'en dépit de programmes de planification familiale plus performants dans leur pays, les femmes de Rabat vivent leur entrée en sexualité dans des conditions difficiles. Si à Dakar la chasteté avant le mariage est prônée, le non-respect de cette règle entraîne des sanctions beaucoup moins sévères qu'au Maroc. Le choix de l'avortement en cas de grossesse non prévue évolue avec le cycle de vie des individus et selon le stade de la relation. Une pratique envisageable à un moment donné, ne l'est plus forcément à d'autres moments de la relation. Enfin, dans les deux villes, nos données révèlent une forte implication des familles dans la gestion de la formation des couples et de leur fécondité. Cette tendance apparaît cependant plus exacerbée au Maroc où les familles se mobilisent parfois âprement pour obliger ou interdire un avortement

Integrated Genomic Analysis of Diverse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from the Progenitor Cell Biology Consor tium

The rigorous characterization of distinct induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from multiple reprogramming technologies, somatic sources, and donors is required to understand potential sources of variability and downstream potential. To achieve this goal, the Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium performed comprehensive experimental and genomic analyses of 58 iPSC from ten laboratories generated using a variety of reprogramming genes, vectors, and cells. Associated global molecular characterization studies identified functionally informative correlations in gene expression, DNA methylation, and/or copy-number variation among key developmental and oncogenic regulators as a result of donor, sex, line stability, reprogramming technology, and cell of origin. Furthermore, X-chromosome inactivation in PSC produced highly correlated differences in teratoma-lineage staining and regulator expression upon differentiation. All experimental results, and raw, processed, and metadata from these analyses, including powerful tools, are interactively accessible from a new online portal at https://www.synapse.org to serve as a reusable resource for the stem cell community