Effects on Berry Shrinkage in Vitis vinifera. L cv. ‘Merlot’ From Changes in Canopy/Root Ratio: A Preliminary Approach

A trial was conducted to find a possible relationship between the canopy/root ratio and the incidence and severity of premature berry shrinkage, and to propose an alternative to avoid this phenomenon in ‘Merlot’ grapevines. The ratio was changed by cutting foliage at a certain height 15 days before véraison, and by delaying the removal of trunk shoots. Treatments were the control (T1), 50% foliage area of control (T2), 75% foliage area of control (T3), and delayed trunk shoot removal (T4). Foliage area and the canopy/root ratio were lower in the T2 and T3 treatments. T4 was ineffective in changing the parameters. The incidence of berry shrinkage was lower for the T2 and T3 treatments, with the percentage of affected plants dropping from the 52% of the control to 22.9% and 31.3% for T2 and T3 respectively, and from 52.4% of the affected bunches to 16.6% and 21.2% for the same treatments respectively. The percentage of affected bunches falling into the range of moderate to severe damage fell from the 24% of the control to 5.2% and 3.9% for T2 and T3 respectively. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the incidence and severity of berry shrinkage by decreasing the canopy/root ratio in ‘Merlot’ grapevines

Fósiles

24 páginas, 43 fotos.-- En: Muñoz Barco, P. & Martínez Flores, E. (coord.).Peer reviewe

Predictive Fault Diagnosis for Ship Photovoltaic Modules Systems Applications

[EN] In this paper, an application for the management and supervision by predictive fault diagnosis (PFD) of solar power generation systems is developed through a National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) 2000 smart sensor network. Here, the NMEA 2000 network sensor devices for measuring and supervising the parameters inherent to solar power generation and renewable energy supply are applied. The importance of renewable power generation systems in ships is discussed, as well as the causes of photovoltaic modules (PVMs) aging due to superimposed causes of degradation, which is a natural and inexorable phenomenon that affects photovoltaic installations in a special way. In ships, PVMs are doubly exposed to inclement weather (solar radiation, cold, rain, dust, humidity, snow, wind, electrical storms, etc.), pollution, and a particularly aggressive environment in terms of corrosion. PFD techniques for the real-world installation and safe navigation of PVMs are discussed. A specific method based on the online analysis of the time-series data of random and seasonal I¿V parameters is proposed for the comparative trend analyses of solar power generation. The objective is to apply PFD using as predictor symptom parameter (PS) the generated power decrease in affected PVMs. This PFD method allows early fault detection and isolation, whose appearance precedes by an adequate margin of maneuver, from the point of view of maintenance tasks applications. This early detection can stop the cumulative degradation phenomenon that causes the development of the most frequent and dangerous failure modes of solar modules, such as hot-spots. It is concluded that these failure modes can be conveniently diagnosed by performing comparative trend analyses of the measured power parameters by NMEA sensors.García Moreno, E.; Quiles Cucarella, E.; Zotovic Stanisic, R.; Gutiérrez, SC. (2022). Predictive Fault Diagnosis for Ship Photovoltaic Modules Systems Applications. Sensors. 22(6):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/s2206217512122

Consideraciones para el análisis de la marcha humana. Técnicas de videogrametría, electromiografía y dinamometría

El análisis de la marcha humana resulta ser de gran utilidad para una amplia gama de aplicaciones, como el diagnóstico y elección de tratamientos en pacientes con enfermedades neuro-músculo-esqueléticas. Los métodos y tecnologías existentes para este análisis son numerosos, y permiten la obtención de los parámetros cuantitativos característicos de un patrón de marcha de manera objetiva. Durante el análisis de marcha muchos factores deben ser considerados para realizar los estudios adecuadamente, algunos de ellos se deben tener en cuenta desde la etapa de configuración y planeación del laboratorio, otros para el proceso de adquisición de los parámetros, y otros para el análisis de los resultados. En este trabajo se presentan algunas de estas consideraciones que parten tanto de la revisión bibliográfica como de la experiencia directa con pacientes, enfocadas principalmente en sistemas que combinan técnicas de videogrametría, dinamometría y electromiografía, por ser estos los de mayor utilización en la actualidad.Human gait analysis has been used in a wide range of applications, such as diagnosis and treatment selection for patients with neuro-muscular-skeletal diseases. The methods and technologies that exist for gait analysis are numerous, and they allow the recollection of the main quantitative parameters of a gait pattern in an objective way. A lot of factors must be considered during gait analysis in order to obtain reliable results; some of them must be taken into account, including the planning and configuration of the laboratory, the acquisition process and the results analysis system. This paper presents some considerations derived from the literature review and also from the direct experience with patients. They are mainly focused in systems which use techniques such as videogrammetry, dynamometry and electromyography, since they are the most used nowadays

Theoretical study of "trapping sites" in cryogenic rare gas solids doped with β-dicarbonyl molecules

International audienceA deposition model to simulate the growth of doped rare gas crystals is used. The study involves organic molecules with a single intramolecular hydrogen bond such as malonaldehyde, 2chloromalonaldehyde and acetylacetone as impurities. Different trapping sites were obtained depending on the rare gas properties for a given impurity, and depending on the molecular size and shape for a given crystal. Simulations were carried out by using classical molecular dynamics methods including an anharmonic thermal correction, to take into account the zero point movement of the crystal. The results are correlated to spectroscopic data previously achieved for these systems by steady state IR spectroscopy

Solar Panels String Predictive and Parametric Fault Diagnosis Using Low-Cost Sensors

[EN] This work proposes a method for real-time supervision and predictive fault diagnosis applicable to solar panel strings in real-world installations. It is focused on the detection and parametric isolation of fault symptoms through the analysis of the Voc-Isc curves. The method performs early, systematic, online, automatic, permanent predictive supervision, and diagnosis of a high sampling frequency. It is based on the supervision of predictive electrical parameters easily accessible by the design of its architecture, whose detection and isolation precedes with an adequate margin of maneuver, to be able to alert and stop by means of automatic disconnection the degradation phenomenon and its cumulative effect causing the development of a future irrecoverable failure. Its architecture design is scalable and integrable in conventional photovoltaic installations. It emphasizes the use of low-cost technology such as the ESP8266 module, ASC712-5A, and FZ0430 sensors and relay modules. The method is based on data acquisition with the ESP8266 module, which is sent over the internet to the computer where a SCADA system (iFIX V6.5) is installed, using the Modbus TCP/IP and OPC communication protocols. Detection thresholds are initially obtained experimentally by applying inductive shading methods on specific solar panels.García Moreno, E.; Ponluisa, N.; Quiles Cucarella, E.; Zotovic Stanisic, R.; Gutiérrez, SC. (2022). Solar Panels String Predictive and Parametric Fault Diagnosis Using Low-Cost Sensors. Sensors. 22(1):1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/s2201033212922

Mortalidad de vertebrados silvestres en la carretera Troncal del Caribe, Magdalena, Colombia

Road networks cause great impacts on the environment, from the direct mortality of wild animals that are hit by moving vehicles to the reduction of connectivity in the landscape and the isolation of natural populations. In Colombia, studies on wildlife roadkill are incipient, and there are still many gaps in the generation of primary information, especially on the roads of the Caribbean coast. For this reason, we selected two road stretches in the Colombian Caribbean region: 1) Isla Salamanca National Natural Park highway (45 km) and 2) Tayrona National Natural Park highway (34 km). On both roads, monthly trips were made on board a vehicle at a maximum speed of 30 km/h during 5 months, between October 2016 and January 2017. We recorded a total of 208 roadkills (46 identified species), being reptiles and mammals the most affected groups in segments 1 and 2, respectively. Finally, we calculated the roadkill rate (TA) for each species. The species Boa constrictor and Procyon cancrivorus stand out because they obtained highest TA values reported in Latin AmericaLas redes viales causan grandes impactos sobre el medio ambiente, desde la mortalidad directa de animales silvestres por atropello, hasta la reducción en la conectividad del paisaje y el aislamiento de poblaciones naturales. En Colombia, los estudios sobre atropello de fauna son incipientes y aún existen muchos vacíos en la generación de información primaria, especialmente en las carreteras de la costa Caribe. Por ello se seleccionaron para este estudio dos segmentos de carreteras en la región: 1) la vía Parque Nacional Natural Isla Salamanca (45 km de longitud) y 2) la vía del Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (34 km). En ambas se realizaron recorridos mensuales a bordo de un vehículo a una velocidad máxima de 30 km/h, durante 5 meses, comprendidos entre octubre de 2016 y enero de 2017. Se registraron un total de 208 atropellos (46 especies identificadas), y se encontró que los reptiles y mamíferos son los grupos mayormente afectados en los segmentos 1 y 2, respectivamente. Por último, se calculó la tasa de atropello (TA) para cada especie por carretera; destacándose las especies Boa constrictor y Procyon cancrivorus, para las cuales se hallaron una de las TA más altas reportadas en Latinoamérica

Estudio analítico de mantequillas, margarinas y minarinas de uso frecuente en Granada

Se ha realizado un estudio cuali y cuantitativo de la fracción grasa de diferentes marcas comerciales de mantequillas, margarinas y minarinas mediante técnicas analíticas basadas en la cromatografía en fase gaseosa. La finalidad de dicho estudio es conocer la calidad de los citados alimentos grasos, así como la detección de posibles fraudes.!t's been accomplished a qualy and quantytative study of the fat fraction of different comercial names of butters, margarines and minarines (cacao creams) by analytical techniques based in the chromatography in gas phase. The finality of such study is knowing the quality of cited fat aliments, as soon as the detection of possible frauds

Estudio analítico de mantequillas, margarinas y minarinas de uso frecuente en Granada

It's been accomplished a qualy and quantytative study of the fat fraction of different comercial names of butters, margarines and minarines (cacao creams) by analytical techniques based in the chromatography in gas phase. The finality of such study is knowing the quality of cited fat aliments, as soon as the detection of possible frauds.Se ha realizado un estudio cuali y cuantitativo de la fracción grasa de diferentes marcas comerciales de mantequillas, margarinas y minarinas mediante técnicas analíticas basadas en la cromatografía en fase gaseosa. La finalidad de dicho estudio es conocer la calidad de los citados alimentos grasos, así como la detección de posibles fraudes

Uso de microhábitats, actividad diaria y dieta de Dendrobates truncatus (cope, 1861) (Anura: Dendrobatidae) en bosque seco tropical del norte de Colombia

The use of microhabitats, daily activity and diet of three populations of Dendrobates truncatus in the tropical dry lowland forest of the Colombian Caribbean, using the method of visual and manual capture meeting was studied. The study was conducted between March and November, during the three climatic periods: dry, minor and higher rains. Seven microhabitats used were identified and sampled, the activity was measured using the relative number of individuals/hour in four hours daily, stomach contents of anurans were examined and percentage analysis method was applied. D. truncatus has increased activity in the morning (8:00 to 10:00) and late afternoon (16:00 to 18:00) and uses seven types of microhabitats, preferably forest cover and higher humidity. This species presents preference for the consumption of ants especially the family Myrmicinae and the genus Pheidole. These results suggest that the conservation of tropical dry forest relicts and developing rehabilitation strategies for it constitute fundamental elements for the survival of this species.Se estudió el uso de microhábitats, actividad diaria y dieta de tres poblaciones de Dendrobates truncatus en el bosque seco tropical de tierras bajas del Caribe colombiano, mediante la utilización del método de encuentro visual y captura manual. El estudio se realizó entre los meses de marzo y noviembre, durante los tres períodos climáticos del año: seco, lluvias menores y lluvias mayores. Se identificaron y muestrearon siete microhábitats usados por esta especie, la actividad se midió a través de la relación número de individuos/hora en cuatro horarios diarios. Se examinaron los contenidos estomacales de los anuros y se aplicó el método de análisis porcentual. D. truncatus presenta mayor actividad en la mañana (8:00 – 10:00) y final de la tarde (16:00 – 18:00) y usa siete tipos de microhábitats, preferentemente los de cobertura boscosa y con altos valores de humedad. Presenta preferencia marcada por el consumo de hormigas, especialmente la familia Myrmicinae y el género Pheidole. Estos resultados sugieren que la conservación de relictos de bosque seco tropical y el desarrollo de estrategias de rehabilitación del mismo se constituyen en elementos fundamentales para la supervivencia de esta especie