Chiral currents in gold nanotubes

Results are presented for the electron current in gold chiral nanotubes (AuNTs). Starting from the band structure of (4,3) and (5,3) AuNTs, we find that the magnitude of the chiral currents are greater than those found in carbon nanotubes. We also calculate the associated magnetic flux inside the tubes and find this to be higher than the case of carbon nanotubes. Although (4,3) and (5,3) AuNTs carry transverse momenta of similar magnitudes, the low-bias magnetic flux carried by the former is far greater than that carried by the latter. This arises because the low-bias longitudinal current carried by a (4,3) AuNT is significantly smaller than that of a (5,3) AuNT.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

High-resolution imaging spectroscopy of two micro-pores and an arch filament system in a small emerging-flux region

Aims. The purpose of this investigation is to characterize the temporal evolution of an emerging flux region, the associated photospheric and chromospheric flow fields, and the properties of the accompanying arch filament system. Methods. This study is based on imaging spectroscopy with the G\"ottingen Fabry-P\'erot Interferometer at the Vacuum Tower Telescope, on 2008 August 7. Cloud model (CM) inversions of line scans in the strong chromospheric absorption H$\alpha$ line yielded CM parameters, which describe the cool plasma contained in the arch filament system. Results. The observations cover the decay and convergence of two micro-pores with diameters of less than one arcsecond and provide decay rates for intensity and area. The photospheric horizontal flow speed is suppressed near the two micro-pores indicating that the magnetic field is sufficiently strong to affect the convective energy transport. The micro-pores are accompanied by an arch filament system, where small-scale loops connect two regions with H$\alpha$ line-core brightenings containing an emerging flux region with opposite polarities. The chromospheric velocity of the cloud material is predominantly directed downwards near the footpoints of the loops with velocities of up to 12 km/s, whereas loop tops show upward motions of about 3 km/s. Conclusions. Micro-pores are the smallest magnetic field concentrations leaving a photometric signature in the photosphere. In the observed case, they are accompanied by a miniature arch filament system indicative of newly emerging flux in the form of $\Omega$-loops. Flux emergence and decay take place on a time-scale of about two days, whereas the photometric decay of the micro-pores is much more rapid (a few hours), which is consistent with the incipient submergence of $\Omega$-loops. The results are representative for the smallest emerging flux regions still recognizable as such.Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, published in A&

Oscillatory combustion in rockets Semiannual report, 1 Jun. - 30 Nov. 1968

Vaporization of droplets near critical poin

Sport as an attempt to socialize youth and women during the Franco regime

En este trabajo se analiza si los diferentes gobiernos que se fueron sucediendo durante las dos primeras décadas del franquismo (1939-1959) utilizaron la actividad físico-deportiva, especialmente entre la juventud y la mujer, para transmitir mejor los mensajes del modelo de sociedad que proponían y conseguir así un mayor número de afines al nacionalsindicalismo. Mediante la revisión documental de fuentes primarias y secundarias se puede concluir que la actividad físico-deportiva no influyó mayoritariamente en las actitudes de sus practicantes, aunque sí que condicionó las posibilidades de practicarlo. El adoctrinamiento y el encuadramiento a través de esta actividad tuvo un escaso éxito, fueron pocos los que acogieron la ideología nacionalsindicalista por practicar actividad física.This paper studies how successive Governments over the first two decades of Francoism (1939-1959) made use of sport and physical activity, especially among youth and women, to best convey the messages of the model of society they sought to achieve and so to increase the number of adherents to the National-Syndicalist system. After detailed analysis of primary and secondary sources, it can be concluded that sport and physical activity did not influence attitudes in most sports people, instead it limited the chances of practising sport. Indoctrination and recruiting through physical activity had a slim success: few were those who embraced the National-Syndicalist ideology by engaging in physical activit

Physical activity and youth in the Franco dictatorship (1937-1961)

El presente artículo analiza las competencias que en materia de actividad física tuvieron diferentes organismos políticos franquistas con respecto a la juventud, especialmente la Delegación Nacional del Frente de Juventudes y la Delegación Nacional de Deportes. Mediante la revisión de la documentación oficial de la época y la aportación de estudios ya realizados sobre la temática, se descubren los puntos de unión y de fricción que existieron entre ambas instituciones. Mientras que ambas Delegaciones priorizaron la actividad físico-deportiva como instrumento para el adoctrinamiento y la adhesión al régimen, sin embargo, fue el Frente de Juventudes el que más lo intentó. Sus instructores e instructoras se filtraron en el sistema educativo y promovieron las actividades extraescolares, especialmente los Juegos Escolares y las actividades de aire libre, aunque realizadas con un marcado sesgo de género y de selección de los más aptos durante las dos primeras décadas del franquismo.This article analyzes the competences that different nationalist political organisations had in the field of physical activity had with regard to youth, particularly the “Delegación Nacional del Frente de Juventudes” and the “Delegación Nacional de Deportes”. Through the revision of the official documentation of the era and the contribution of studies already carried out on the subject, we try to show some common aspects and friction points that existed between the two institutions. While both delegations prioritized sport and physical activity as a tool for the indoctrination and adherence to the regime, however, the “Frente de Juventudes” tried it harder. Their instructors infiltrated into the educational system and promoted after-school activities, especially school games and outdoor activities, which both attracted attention among schoolchildren during the first two decades of Franco Era

La educación física femenina y el ideal de mujer en la etapa franquista

El presente trabajo trata de exponer la situación que la mujer tuvo durante el franquismo y reflexionar sobre los conceptos y valores que se la asignaban desde diferentes campos ( político, laboral, cultural, religioso¿), que la condicionaron en su devenir a lo largo de esos años (1939-1975). La creación de Sección Femenina (S.F.) fomentó, en muchas ocasiones, un ideal de mujer a través de su objetivo fundamental: formarla integralmente; en otras ocasiones luchó por hacer caer convencionalismos asentados en la población, como los relacionados al campo de la Educación Física (E.F.) y el deporte; con la intención de que se conociera esta disciplina entre toda la población. De esta manera se creó un modelo exclusivo para este sexo (Educación Física Femenina- E.F.F.-), condicionado por supuestos científico-médicos y religiosos

Fair Innings and Immigration

Gains from health improvements for the worst-off in society should be weighted according to their possibility to achieve a fair inning. This statement parts from the fair inning equity definition developed by Williams (1997). A fair inning is the level of full health all individuals should be entitle with. It is the aim of this paper to assess immigrants and natives health disparities under the light of this concept. Given the theoretical and empirical development to discriminate according to responsibility, the reasons underling health outcomes differential between immigrants and natives are assessed. I will conclude that there is no evidence towards holding immigrants accountable for worst lifestyles since it will hold them responsible for an uncontrolled factor, their country of birth. Based on previous empirical research, the reasons found for lower health outcomes for immigrants are factors associated to their home countries, the event of migration and a lower socio-economic status in the host country. Finally, as long as the fair innings are based on social welfare maximization immigrants will be assigned a lower fair inning than natives. The reason is not necessary grounded on racism, but rather on the influence of risk adverse preferences in the measurement of tradeoffs