66 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Evaluating 3D local descriptors for future LIDAR missiles with automatic target recognition capabilities
Future light detection and ranging seeker missiles incorporating 3D automatic target recognition (ATR) capabilities can improve the missileâs effectiveness in complex battlefield environments. Considering the progress of local 3D descriptors in the computer vision domain, this paper evaluates a number of these on highly credible simulated air-to-ground missile engagement scenarios. The latter take into account numerous parameters that have not been investigated yet by the literature including variable missile â target range, 6-degrees-of-freedom missile motion and atmospheric disturbances. Additionally, the evaluation process utilizes our suggested 3D ATR architecture that compared to current pipelines involves more post-processing layers aiming at further enhancing 3D ATR performance. Our trials reveal that computer vision algorithms are appealing for missile-oriented 3D ATR
Intramuscular vaccination of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) induces inflammatory reactions and local immunoglobulin M production at the vaccine administration site
Atlantic lumpfish were vaccinated by intramuscular (im) or intraperitoneal (ip) injection with a multivalent oilâbased vaccine, while control fish were injected with phosphateâbuffered saline. Four lumpfish per group were sampled for skin/muscle and head kidney tissue at 0, 2, 7, 21 and 42 days postâimmunization (dpi) for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Gene expressions of secretory IgM, membraneâbound IgM, IgD, TCRα, CD3Δ and MHC class IIÎČ were studied in tissues by using qPCR. Im. vaccinated fish showed vaccineâinduced inflammation with formation of granulomas and increasing number of eosinophilic granulocyteâlike cells over time. On IHC sections, we observed diffuse intercellular staining of secretory IgM at the injection site at 2 dpi, while IgM + cells appeared in small numbers at 21 and 42 dpi. Skin/muscle samples from im. vaccinated fish demonstrated an increase in gene expression of IgM mRNA (secretory and membraneâbound) at 21 and 42 dpi and small changes for other genes. Our results indicated that im. vaccination of lumpfish induced local IgM production at the vaccine injection site, with no apparent proliferation of IgM + cells. Eosinophilic granulocyteâlike cells appeared shortly after im. injection and increased in numbers as the inflammation progressed.publishedVersio
Sequestration of the AÎČ Peptide Prevents Toxicity and Promotes Degradation In Vivo
An engineered protein prevents aggregation of the AÎČ peptide and facilitates clearance of AÎČ from the brain in a fruit fly model of Alzheimer's disease
Clinical Use and Therapeutic Potential of IVIG/SCIG, Plasma-Derived IgA or IgM, and Other Alternative Immunoglobulin Preparations
Intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin preparations, consisting of IgG class antibodies, are increasingly used to treat a broad range of pathological conditions, including humoral immune deficiencies, as well as acute and chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. A plethora of Fab- or Fc-mediated immune regulatory mechanisms has been described that might act separately or in concert, depending on pathogenesis or stage of clinical condition. Attempts have been undertaken to improve the efficacy of polyclonal IgG preparations, including the identification of relevant subfractions, mild chemical modification of molecules, or modification of carbohydrate side chains. Furthermore, plasma-derived IgA or IgM preparations may exhibit characteristics that might be exploited therapeutically. The need for improved treatment strategies without increase in plasma demand is a goal and might be achieved by more optimal use of plasma-derived proteins, including the IgA and the IgM fractions. This article provides an overview on the current knowledge and future strategies to improve the efficacy of regular IgG preparations and discusses the potential of human plasma-derived IgA, IgM, and preparations composed of mixtures of IgG, IgA, and IgM
Circulating IgM Requires Plasma Membrane Disruption to Bind Apoptotic and Non-Apoptotic Nucleated Cells and Erythrocytes
<div><p>Autoimmunity is associated with defective phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. IgM deficient mice exhibit an autoimmune phenotype consistent with a role for circulating IgM antibodies in apoptotic cell clearance. We have extensively characterised IgM binding to non-apoptotic and apoptotic mouse thymocytes and human Jurkat cells using flow cytometry, confocal imaging and electron microscopy. We demonstrate strong specific IgM binding to a subset of Annexin-V (AnnV)<sup>+</sup>PI (Propidium Iodide)<sup>+</sup> apoptotic cells with disrupted cell membranes. Electron microscopy studies indicated that IgM<sup>+</sup>AnnV<sup>+</sup>PI<sup>+</sup> apoptotic cells exhibited morphologically advanced apoptosis with marked plasma membrane disruption compared to IgM<sup>-</sup>AnnV<sup>+</sup>PI<sup>+</sup> apoptotic cells, suggesting that access to intracellular epitopes is required for IgM to bind. Strong and comparable binding of IgM to permeabilised non-apoptotic and apoptotic cells suggests that IgM bound epitopes are 'apoptosis independent' such that IgM may bind any cell with profound disruption of cell plasma membrane integrity. In addition, permeabilised erythrocytes exhibited significant IgM binding thus supporting the importance of cell membrane epitopes. These data suggest that IgM may recognize and tag damaged nucleated cells or erythrocytes that exhibit significant cell membrane disruption. The role of IgM <i>in vivo</i> in conditions characterized by severe cell damage such as ischemic injury, sepsis and thrombotic microangiopathies merits further exploration.</p></div
Eletroforese em papel das proteĂnas do lĂqĂŒido cefalorraquidiano: II. Principais resultados registrados na literatura
Selection of apoptotic cell specific human antibodies from adult bone marrow
Autoreactive antibodies that recognize neo-determinants on apoptotic cells in mice have been proposed to have protective, homeostatic and immunoregulatory properties, although our knowledge about the equivalent antibodies in humans has been much more limited. In the current study, human monoclonal antibodies with binding specificity for apoptotic cells were isolated from the bone marrow of healthy adults using phage display technology. These antibodies were shown to recognize phosphorylcholine (PC)-associated neo-determinants. Interestingly, three of the four identified apoptotic cell-specific antibody clones were encoded by VH3 region rearrangements with germline or nearly germline configuration without evidence of somatic hypermutation. Importantly, the different identified antibody clones had diverse heavy chain CDR3 and deduced binding surfaces as suggested by structure modeling. This may suggest a potentially great heterogeneity in human antibodies recognizing PC-related epitopes on apoptotic cells. To re-construct the postulated structural format of the parental anti-PC antibody, the dominant clone was also expressed as a recombinant human polymeric IgM, which revealed a substantially increased binding reactivity, with dose-dependent and antigen-inhibitable binding of apoptotic cells. Our findings may have implication for improved prognostic testing and therapeutic interventions in human inflammatory disease
Natural monoclonal antibody to oxidized low-density lipoprotein and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Abstract
Natural antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes without exogenous antigenic exposure and are present at the time of birth. They usually bind to conserved epitopes on antigens of different chemical compositions. We cloned and characterized a natural mouse monoclonal IgM antibody (Aa_Mab) by selecting the binding to malondialdehyde acetaldehyde (MAA) adducts on low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The data showed that the Aa_Mab cross-reacted with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) bacteria, an important oral pathogen in periodontitis associated with atherosclerosis. Surprisingly, the binding molecule of Aa bacteria to the Aa_Mab was Aa chaperonin 60 or HSP60, a protein that is not only responsible for maintaining cellular proteins conformation, but also functions as a potent virulence factor prompting bone resorption in periodontitis and as a putative pathogenic factor in atherosclerosis
Alterations of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M levels in the breast milk of mothers with exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers with nonâexclusive breastfeeding during 6 months postpartum: The Jordanian cohort study
- âŠ