Pancreatic ductal deletion of Hnf1b disrupts exocrine homeostasis, leads to pancreatitis and facilitates tumorigenesis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The exocrine pancreas consists of acinar cells that produce digestive enzymes transported to the intestine through a branched ductal epithelium. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by progressive inflammation, fibrosis and loss of acinar tissue. These changes of the exocrine tissue are risk factors for pancreatic cancer. The cause of chronic pancreatitis cannot be identified in one-quarter of patients. Here, we investigated how duct dysfunction could contribute to pancreatitis development. METHODS: The transcription factor Hnf1b, first expressed in pancreatic progenitors, is strictly restricted to ductal cells from late embryogenesis. We have previously shown that Hnf1b is crucial for pancreas morphogenesis but its postnatal role still remains unelucidated. To investigate the role of pancreatic ducts in exocrine homeostasis, we inactivated Hnf1b gene in vivo in mouse ductal cells. RESULTS: We uncovered that postnatal Hnf1b inactivation in pancreatic ducts leads to chronic pancreatitis in adults. Hnf1bΔduct mutants display dilatation of ducts, loss of acinar cells, acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and lipomatosis. We deciphered the early events involved, with downregulation of cystic disease-associated genes, loss of primary cilia, upregulation of signaling pathways, especially Yap pathway involved in ADM. Remarkably, Hnf1bΔduct mutants developed pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and promote PanIN progression in concert with KRAS. We further showed that adult Hnf1b inactivation in pancreatic ducts is associated with impaired regeneration after injury, with persistent metaplasia and initiation of neoplasia. CONCLUSION: Loss of Hnf1b in ductal cells leads to chronic pancreatitis and neoplasia. This reveals that Hnf1b deficiency may contribute to diseases of the exocrine pancreas and could gain further insight into the etiology of pancreatitis and tumorigenesis.Support to CH was received from theCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)- Sorbonne Université , the GEFLUC - Les entreprises contre le Cancer, the Societe Francophone du Diabete (SFD)-Ypsomed, the programme Emergence UPMC. EQ was supported by a PhD fellowship from the French Ministère de la Recherche et de la Technologie. MF is an assistant engineer of the CNRS. TD and AS were supported by Sorbonne Université. MDV was supported by a PhD student fellowship from the European Marie Curie Initial Training Network (ITN)-Biology of Liver and Pancreatic Development and Disease (BOLD). O. O. was supported by a Master1 fellowship. RCP was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the American Heart Association (14POST20380262). MG was supported by the National Institutes of Health (U01 DK089540) and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (1-2011-592). CH is a permanent senior researcher of the Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM).S

Morphological evidences indicate that the interference of cimetidine on the peritubular components is responsible for detachment and apoptosis of Sertoli cells

Cimetidine, referred as antiandrogenic agent, has caused alterations in the seminiferous tubules, including alterations in the peritubular tissue and death of myoid cells by apoptosis. Regarding the structural and functional importance of the peritubular tissue for the maintenance of Sertoli cells (SC), we purpose to investigate the SC-basement membrane interface, focusing the morphological features of SC and their interaction with the basement membrane in the affected tubules by cimetidine. Ten animals were distributed into two groups, control (CG) and cimetidine (CmG) which received saline solution and 50 mg of cimetidine per kg of body weight, respectively, for 52 days. The testes were fixed, dehydrated and embedded for analyses under light and transmission electron microscopy. Paraffin sections were submitted to the TUNEL method; sections of testes embedded in glycol methacrylate were submitted to PAS method and stained by H&E for morphological and quantitative analyses of Sertoli Cells. In the CmG, the SC nuclei were positive to the TUNEL method and showed typical morphological alterations of cell death by apoptosis (from early to advanced stages). A significant reduction in the number of Sertoli Cells was probably due to death of these cells by apoptosis. A close relationship between SC nuclear alterations (including a high frequency of dislocated nuclei from the basal portion) and damage in the peritubular tissue was observed. The ultrastructural analysis showed a parallelism between the gradual advancement of apoptotic process in SC and detachment of the anchoring sites (hemidesmosomes) of SC plasma membrane from the lamina densa. The presence of portions of lamina densa underlying the detached hemidesmosomes indicates a continuous deposition of lamina densa, resulting in the thickening of the basal lamina. The results indicate a possible disarrangement of the SC cytoskeleton, including the focal adhesion structure. These alterations are related to SC apoptosis and probably result from disturbs induced by cimetidine on the peritubular tissue

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and retinoids: searching for an etiology

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a major life-threatening cause of respiratory failure in the newborn. Recent data reveal the role of a retinoid-signaling pathway disruption in the pathogenesis of CDH. We describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of human CDH, the metabolism of retinoids and the implications of retinoids in the development of the diaphragm and lung. Finally, we describe the existing evidence of a disruption of the retinoid-signaling pathway in CDH

Dynamics of notch pathway expression during mouse testis post-natal development and along the spermatogenic cycle

Articles in International JournalsThe transcription and expression patterns of Notch pathway components (Notch 1–3, Delta1 and 4, Jagged1) and effectors (Hes1, Hes2, Hes5 and Nrarp) were evaluated (through RT-PCR and IHC) in the mouse testis at key moments of post-natal development, and along the adult spermatogenic cycle. Notch pathway components and effectors are transcribed in the testis and expressed in germ, Sertoli and Leydig cells, and each Notch component shows a specific cell-type and timewindow expression pattern. This expression at key testis developmental events prompt for a role of Notch signaling in prepubertal spermatogonia quiescence, onset of spermatogenesis, and regulation of the spermatogenic cycle

Insights into the etiology and physiopathology of MODY5/HNF1B pancreatic phenotype with a mouse model of the human disease

Maturity‐onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5) is due to heterozygous mutations or deletion of HNF1B. No mouse models are currently available to recapitulate the human MODY5 disease. Here, we investigate the pancreatic phenotype of a unique MODY5 mouse model generated by heterozygous insertion of a human HNF1B splicing mutation at the intron‐2 splice donor site in the mouse genome. This Hnf1bsp2/+ model generated with targeted mutation of Hnf1b mimicking the c.544+1G>T (<IVS2nt+1G>T) mutation identified in humans, results in alternative transcripts and a 38% decrease of native Hnf1b transcript levels. As a clinical feature of MODY5 patients, the hypomorphic mouse model Hnf1bsp2/+ displays glucose intolerance. Whereas Hnf1bsp2/+ isolated islets showed no altered insulin secretion, we found a 65% decrease in pancreatic insulin content associated with a 30% decrease in total large islet volume and a 20% decrease in total β‐cell volume. These defects were associated with a 30% decrease in expression of the pro‐endocrine gene Neurog3 that we previously identified as a direct target of Hnf1b, showing a developmental etiology. As another clinical feature of MODY5 patients, the Hnf1bsp2/+ pancreases display exocrine dysfunction with hypoplasia. We observed chronic pancreatitis with loss of acinar cells, acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia, and lipomatosis, with upregulation of signaling pathways and impaired acinar cell regeneration. This was associated with ductal cell deficiency characterized by shortened primary cilia. Importantly, the Hnf1bsp2/+ mouse model reproduces the pancreatic features of the human MODY5/HNF1B disease, providing a unique in vivo tool for molecular studies of the endocrine and exocrine defects and to advance basic and translational research