The Three-Step Workflow: A Pragmatic Approach to Allocating Academic Hospitals’ Affiliations for Bibliometric Purposes

This paper presents a method for classifying the varying degrees of interdependency between academic hospitals and universities in the context of the Leiden Ranking. A key question for ranking universities is whether or not to allocate the publication output of affiliated hospitals to universities.Hospital nomenclatures vary worldwide to denote some form of collaboration with a university: academic hospitals, teaching hospitals, university hospitals, and academic medical centres do not correspond to universally standard definitions. Thus, rather than seeking a normative definition of academic hospitals, we are proposing a workflow that aligns the university-hospital relationship with one of three general models: full integration of the hospital and the medical faculty into a single organization; health science centres in which hospitals and medical faculty remain separate entities albeit within the same governance structure; and structures in which universities and hospitals are separate entities which collaborate with one another. This classification system provides a standard by which we can allocate publications which note affiliations with academic hospitals.Our three-step workflow effectively translates the three above-mentioned models into two types of instrumental relationships for the assignation of publications: “associate” and “component”. When a hospital and a medical faculty are fully integrated or when a hospital is part of a health science centre, the relationship is classified as component. When a hospital follows the model of collaboration and support, the relationship is classified as associate. The compilation of data following these standards allows for a more uniform comparison between worldwide educational and research systems.Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)313082Merit, Expertise and Measuremen

The Leiden Ranking 2011/2012: Data collection, indicators, and interpretation

The Leiden Ranking 2011/2012 is a ranking of universities based on bibliometric indicators of publication output, citation impact, and scientific collaboration. The ranking includes 500 major universities from 41 different countries. This paper provides an extensive discussion of the Leiden Ranking 2011/2012. The ranking is compared with other global university rankings, in particular the Academic Ranking of World Universities (commonly known as the Shanghai Ranking) and the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Also, a detailed description is offered of the data collection methodology of the Leiden Ranking 2011/2012 and of the indicators used in the ranking. Various innovations in the Leiden Ranking 2011/2012 are presented. These innovations include (1) an indicator based on counting a university's highly cited publications, (2) indicators based on fractional rather than full counting of collaborative publications, (3) the possibility of excluding non-English language publications, and (4) the use of stability intervals. Finally, some comments are made on the interpretation of the ranking, and a number of limitations of the ranking are pointed out

Ensayos de tratamientos de protección y consolidación de la policromía del alfarje y yeserías del Patio de las Doncellas: Real Alcázar de Sevilla

El trabajo que se presenta pone de manifiesto la metodología llevada a cabo para la valoración de tratamientos, en lo que a color se refiere, aplicados sobre probetas de ensayo realizadas a partir de los materiales identificados en dos elementos arquitectónicos decorativos de la zona sur-este de uno de los patios más significativos del Alcázar de Sevilla: el Patio de las Doncellas. Estos elementos que tenemos como motivo de estudio son el alfarje de las galerías bajas y el paramento de yeso. Los tratamientos seleccionados para ser evaluados consisten, en el caso del alfarje en la aplicación de un barniz de protección con estabilizador de radiación ultravioleta (Archival Golden ®), y en el caso de las yeserías de aplicación de dos tratamientos de consolidación: resina acrílica (Paraloid®B72) y silicato de etilo (Bioestel®1200). Los resultados obtenidos servirán de base para la elección de una propuesta de intervención óptima que incluya la posible utilización del barniz ultravioleta en el alfarje in situ así como el efecto que podrían tener los tratamientos de consolidación en las policromías de las yeserías. De esta forma contribuimos al conocimiento previo del comportamiento de los materiales antes de abordar la restauración de la decoración arquitectónica de este espacio o de otras obras de similar cronología con problemáticas similares.The work presented shows the methodology conducted for evaluating treatments, in what concerns color, applied on test specimens made from the materials identified in two decorative architectural elements of the south-east one of the most important courts of the Alcazar of Seville: courtyard of the Maidens. These elements we have as a subject of study are the paneled ceiling of the lower galleries and the wall plaster. The treatments selected for evaluation consist in the case of alfarje in applying a protective varnish with ultraviolet radiation stabilizer, and in the case of plasterworks, applying two consolidation treatments: Paraloid ®B72 and Ethyl Silicate (Bioestel®1200). The results will form the basis for choosing an optimal intervention proposal that includes the possible use of UV varnish on the paneled ceiling and the effect that could have treatments consolidation of polychrome plasterwork. In this way, we contribute to the prior knowledge of the behavior of materials before boarding the restoration of the architectural decoration of this space or other works of similar chronology with similar problems.Esta investigación ha sido financiada por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) en el marco del Proyecto de Investigación “Estudio científico y tratamientos de conservación de revestimientos arquitectónicos de época romana a medieval” de referencia (HAR2015-66139-P) así como el proyecto del Ministerio de Innovación y Ciencia denominado “Decoración arquitectónica de tradición islámica. Materiales y técnicas de ejecución” (HAR 2011-27598). Igualmente ha sido posible gracias a la beca contrato puente de la Universidad de Granada de la que es beneficiaria Ana Isabel Calero Castillo

Prodromal Alzheimer’s disease: Constitutive upregulation of neuroglobin prevents the initiation of Alzheimer’s pathology

In humans, a considerable number of the autopsy samples of cognitively normal individuals aged between 57 and 102 years have revealed the presence of amyloid plaques, one of the typical signs of AD, indicating that many of us use mechanisms that defend ourselves from the toxic consequences of Aß. The human APP NL/F (hAPP NL/F) knockin mouse appears as the ideal mouse model to identify these mechanisms, since they have high Aß42 levels at an early age and moderate signs of disease when old. Here we show that in these mice, the brain levels of the hemoprotein Neuroglobin (Ngb) increase with age, in parallel with the increase in Aß42. In vitro, in wild type neurons, exogenous Aß increases the expression of Ngb and Ngb over-expression prevents Aß toxicity. In vivo, in old hAPP NL/F mice, Ngb knockdown leads to dendritic tree simplification, an early sign of Alzheimer’s disease. These results could indicate that Alzheimer’s symptoms may start developing at the time when defense mechanisms start wearing out. In agreement, analysis of plasma Ngb levels in aged individuals revealed decreased levels in those whose cognitive abilities worsened during a 5-year longitudinal follow-up period.This work was partially supported by the Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek (SAO; S16013) and the FWO (research project G0B2519N) to LC-G, SAF2016-76722 (AEI/FEDER, UE) to CD, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions – Individual Fellowships (T2DMand AD, EU 708152) to FG and EU JPND “EpiAD” Grant to AF-G and CD, SAF2016-78603-R to MM and M

Clínica jurídica, una forma de aprendizaje-servicio para la protección de Derechos humanos

[spa] El artículo explica los primeros pasos dados en el desarrollo del proyecto "Clínica jurídica: una forma de aprendizaje-servicio para la protección de derechos humanos" en la Universidad de Valladolid, cuyo principal objetivo consiste en la formación de juristas socialmente comprometidos.[eng] The paper explains the first steps given on the development of the Project “Clínica jurídica: una forma de aprendizaje-servicio para la protección de derechos humanos“ at the University of Valladolid which main aim would be a social engaged lawyers training