Lost: The Crisis Of Jobless and Out Of School Teens and Young Adults In Chicago, Illinois and the U.S.

This report contains compilations and calculations of various employment data for males and females 16 to 24 years old by race/ethnicity from 2005 to 2014, comparing Chicago, Illinois, the U.S. and in some instances, adding Los Angeles and New York. Besides an array of figures and tables, the report contains GIS generated maps that illustrate the relationship between employment data and population distribution by race/ethnicity. A significant contribution of this report is its demonstration that low rates of employment are spatially concentrated in neighborhoods that are also racially segregated. This report clearly highlights that youth employment rates are tied to conditions in neighborhoods and cannot be seen as distinct from what is happening in the neighborhoods themselves. The devastation of unemployment in turn, wreaks havoc on the neighborhood

A Geoarcheological Survey of the Proposed Plainview Hike and Bike Trail, Hale County, Texas

In March of 2005, the Texas Department of Transportation issued work authorization #575-01-SA005 to the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at the University of Texas at San Antonio to conduct a survey of areas affected by proposed improvements to the Plainview hike and bike trail in southern Plainview, Hale County, Texas. The survey was conduced under Texas Antiquities Permit #3707 between March 31 and April 7, 2005. Steve Tomka and Raymond Mauldin served as Principal Investigators. Trail construction included 2.0 miles of additional construction and 1.3 miles of improvements to existing trails. The Right-of-Way is 50 feet and extends from one to three feet below ground surface. Archeological services included a pedestrian survey, excavation of fifty-five auger tests placed no more than 100 m apart, and twenty-one Gradall trenches. Two of these trenches exposed the stratigraphy of Running Water Draw near the Plainview Site, 41HA1. Bulk samples were collected for OSL dating, diatoms analysis, and lithologic analysis for further examination of the age and stratigraphic context of the Plainview Site, which is a State Archeological Landmark, a National Landmark, and a National Register of Historic Places property. Site 41HA12 was re-examined with 10 mechanical auger tests and 1 trench, which found only recent alluvial and cultural deposition. No additional archeological sites were recorded. This report includes descriptions of the fieldwork, results of the special analyses performed on bulk sediment samples collected, and a discussion of the geomorphology of Running Water Draw with specific focus on the results from trenches excavated near the Plainview Site. The single artifact and all documents and photographs generated from this project are curated at the Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio

Archeological Survey for the Loop 410 Improvements Project City of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

The Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of the University of Texas at San Antonio was contracted by the HNTB Corporation (contracted by TxDOT) in 2000 to conduct an archeological survey of the proposed Loop 410 Improvements Project, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. The Area of Potential Effect (APE) is the current ROW and the proposed new ROW along Loop 410 and the three highways intersected by the loop. The project area is located along the southwestern portion of Loop 410 beginning about 0.61 miles northeast of FM 3487 (Culebra Road) and ending 2.25 miles east of IH 35 South. In addition, the project area included varying distances along three highways that intersect with Loop 410: SH 151, US 90, and US 35. The archeological work was conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee permit #3003 with Steve A. Tomka serving as Principal Investigator during the Phase I and Jennifer L. Thompson serving during Phase II and III. The intensive pedestrian survey was conducted in three phases. Phase I was conducted from July to September 2005. Phase II, was completed in April and May of 2007. No new archeology sites were documented during Phase I and II of archeological investigations. Four sites were revisited (41BX555, 41BX556, 41BX683 and 41BX704). All proved to be impacted by development and no cultural material was recovered. Phase III of the project consisted of 16 backhoe trenches placed in areas where deeply buried cultural deposits were probable. Only one trench (BHT 13) encountered artifacts. Testing was recommended on this site to determine if the site retains enough significance to make it eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and/or for designation as a State Archeological Landmark (SAL). Tex Site forms requesting a trinomial were submitting and the field site was deemed 41BX1749. Access to properties along the proposed ROW was limited and 18 properties within the proposed ROW remain unsurveyed. CAR recommends survey of these properties when access is granted. All artifacts and records collected or generated during this project are curated at the Center for Archaeological Research according to Texas Historical Commission guidelines

ACCIONES DEL SERVICIO NACIONAL DE INSPECCIÓN Y CERTIFICACIÓN DE SEMILLAS (SNICS-SAGARPA) PARA EL DESARROLLO DEL CAMPO MEXICANO

Las atribuciones del Servicio Nacional de Inspección y Certificación de Semilla (SNICS), tienen su fundamento legal en la Ley de Desarrollo Rural Sustentable (LDRS) del año 2001, Ley Federal de Variedades Vegetales (LFVV) del año 1996, Ley Federal de Producción, Certificación y Comercialización de Semillas (LFPCCS) del año 2007 (Diario Oficial de la Federación, 2018), que dan origen a las actividades sustantivas en:     I. Recursos Fitogenéticos para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (RFAA). Coordina acciones de manera interinstitucional      e interdisciplinaria para la conservación y aprovechamiento sostenible de los RFAA, con fundamento      en el Artículo 102 de la LDRS. Para ello, se implementó la estrategia denominada Sistema Nacional de Recursos      Fitogenéticos para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (SINAREFI).   II. Registro de Variedades Vegetales. Autoridad responsable de regular la inscripción de variedades vegetales ante     el Catálogo Nacional de Variedades Vegetales (CNVV) del SNICS con fundamento en la LFPCCS. Así mismo,     regula bajo un segundo esquema la propiedad intelectual de los obtentores de las nuevas variedades, mediante     la expedición de Título de Obtentor, que se publica en la Gaceta Oficial de los Derechos de Obtentor de Variedades    Vegetales en México (DOV), con fundamento en la LFVV y su Reglamento, la cual está en concordancia    con el acta de 1978 del Convenio de la Unión Internacional para la Protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales    (UPOV), al que México se adhirió en Julio de 1997.   III. Certificación de Semillas. Inspección y vigilancia en la calificación y comercialización de semilla de variedades      registradas ante el CNVV del SNICS, tanto de variedades de uso común, como con título de obtentor con fundamento     en la LFPCCS. La actividad sustantiva del SNICS en RFAA, tiene una estrecha vinculación con el Convenio de Diversidad Biológica(CDB), Protocolo de Nagoya sobre acceso a los recursos genéticos y participación justa y equitativa en los beneficiosque se deriven de su utilización (PN) como Autoridad Nacional competente para los RFAA, Comisión de RecursosGenéticos de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), Objetivos de DesarrolloSostenible de la Agenda 2030 de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU). Las atribuciones en variedadesvegetales, dan cumplimiento a los compromisos adquiridos por México ante la UPOV. En certificación de semillas,se tiene relación con la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), en específico para lorelacionado con la exportación de semilla (Figura 1) (SNICS, 2018)

Spatial distribution, determinants and trends of full vaccination coverage in children aged 12-59 months in Peru: A subanalysis of the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey

Objective To assess the spatial distribution, trends and determinants of crude full vaccination coverage (FVC) in children aged 12-59 months between 2010 and 2019 in Peru. Design, setting and analysis A cross-sectional study based on the secondary data analysis of the 2010 and 2019 Peruvian Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) was conducted. Logit based multivariate decomposition analysis was employed to identify factors contributing to differences in FVC between 2010 and 2019. The spatial distribution of FVC in 2019 was evaluated through spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran's I), ordinary kriging interpolation (Gaussian process regression) and Bernoulli-based purely spatial scan statistic. Outcome measure FVC, as crude coverage, was defined as having completely received BCG; three doses of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus, and polio vaccines; and measles vaccine by 12 months of age. Participants A total of 5 751 and 14 144 children aged 12-59 months from 2010 and 2019 DHSs, respectively, were included. Results FVC increased from 53.62% (95% CI 51.75% to 55.49%) in 2010 to 75.86% (95% CI 74.84% to 76.85%) in 2019. Most of the increase (70.39%) was attributable to differences in coefficients effects. Family size, visit of health workers in the last 12 months, age of the mother at first delivery, place of delivery and antenatal care follow-up were all significantly associated with the increase. The trend of FVC was non-linear and increased by 2.22% annually between 2010 and 2019. FVC distribution was heterogeneous at intradepartmental and interdepartmental level. Seven high-risk clusters of incomplete coverage were identified. Conclusions Although FVC has increased in Peru, it still remains below the recommended threshold. The increase of FVC was mainly attributed to the change in the effects of the characteristics of the population. There was high heterogeneity across Peruvian regions with the presence of high-risk clusters. Interventions must be redirected to reduce these geographical disparities.Revisión por pare

Archeological Testing Associated with theStabilization of the Convento at Mission San Juan Capistrano (41BX5), San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

In January and April, 2005, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted test excavations at Mission San Juan Capistrano (41BX5) for the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park of the National Park Service. The site is located approximately eight miles south of downtown San Antonio on the left bank of the San Antonio River. The purpose of the excavations was to provide information on the nature and content of the subsurface deposits in preparation for a major stabilization campaign around the convento at Mission San Juan that will result in the installation of an impermeable barrier around the structure. Concrete footers will also be installed under each buttress, if necessary. Six 1-x-1-meter units were excavated around the convento and Rooms 19 and 21. Excavations conducted by CAR revealed disturbed deposits on the west side of the convento. A cut-stone step feature was encountered on the southeast side of the convento, along with a footer that was exposed near the northeast corner of the building. Excavations also revealed the original sandstone foundation of San Juan Capistrano on the south side of Room 21. These investigations were conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee permit no. 3655 with Dr. Steve A. Tomka, CAR Director, serving as Principal Investigator. All cultural materials recovered and project-related documents are permanently curated at the Center for Archaeological Research

Length and biomass data for Atlantic and Pacific seaweeds from both hemispheres

As the length of an organism is a unidimensional measure but its biomass is distributed across three dimensions, length and biomass are allometrically related in plants and animals. Due to the high interspecific morphological variation in nature (e.g., long, thin, and narrow flatworms vs. short and globose snails), the biomass–length relationship differs among species. Interest in the principles governing biomass–length allometry has sparked research about the drivers of biological form (West et al., 1999; Niklas and Enquist, 2001; Makarieva et al., 2005; Kleyer et al., 2019). Biomass–length allometry can ultimately be of practical value, such as for the non-destructive estimation of stand biomass (Scrosati, 2006a; Yuen et al., 2016) and productivity (Martin et al., 2014), the determination of body condition (Brodeur et al., 2020), or the unintrusive estimation of body mass (Turnbull et al., 2014; Coulis and Joly, 2017; Sohlström et al., 2018), which is in turn allometrically related to various biological processes (Brown et al., 2004; Marquet et al., 2005).Fil: Scrosati, Ricardo Augusto. Saint Francis Xavier University; CanadáFil: MacDonald, Heather L.. Saint Francis Xavier University; CanadáFil: Córdova, César A.. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerúFil: Casas, Graciela Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; Argentin

Niños, niñas y adolescentes trabajadores en el distrito El Porvenir, Trujillo – La Libertad

The research contextualizes child labor as a survival strategy in extremely poor families, to generate economic resources that barely meet their basic needs. This situation seriously violates the fundamental human rights of children and adolescents, being necessary to describe the context of child labor and the intervention to implement social policies at the local and regional level that include care plans and programs, committing the different actors responsible for civil society, business, local and regional government. According to the end, the research was applied, with a mixed approach, we worked with quantitative data to describe the general data of the population, children and adolescents who work on the streets of the El Porvenir district, province of Trujillo, La Libertad; Likewise, the interviews and focus groups allowed us to obtain valuable data to understand and describe the sociocultural patterns of the families and society involved, the research makes visible the urgent need to articulate efforts to address this problem within the framework of human rights.La investigación contextualiza el trabajo infantil como una estratégia de sobrevivencia en las familias de extrema pobreza, para generar recursos económicos que escasamente atienden sus necesidades básicas. Esta situación vulnera gravemente los derechos humanos fundamentales de niños, niñas y adolescentes, siendo necesario describir el contexto del trabajo infantil y la intervención para implementar políticas sociales a nivel local y regional que incluyan planes y programas de atención, comprometiendo a los diferentes actores responsables de la sociedad civil, empresariado, gobierno local y regional. La investigación de acuerdo al fin fue aplicada, de enfoque mixto, se trabajó con datos cuantitativos para describir los datos generales de la población, niños, niñas y adolescentes que trabajan en las calles del distrito El Porvenir, provincia de Trujillo, La Libertad; asimismo, las entrevistas y grupos focales permitieron obtener datos valiosos para entender y describir los patrones socioculturales de las familias y sociedad involucrada, la investigación visibiliza la urgente necesidad de articular esfuerzos para atender está problemática en el marco de los derechos humanos

Experimental Measurements and CFD Results of Liquid Film Thickness in Vertical Downward Air-Water Annular Flow

[EN] Annular gas¿liquid flows have been extensively studied over the years. However, the nonlinear behavior of the interface is still currently the subject of study by multiple researchers worldwide. The appearance of a liquid layer on the wall and its turbulent behavior support the heat exchange of multiple systems in the industrial field. Research in this area allows the optimization of these installations as well as the analysis of possible safety problems if the liquid film disappears. This study first shows some of the most important findings obtained in the GEPELON experimental facility (GEneración de PElícula ONdulatoria or Wavy Film Generator). The facility was built in order to analyze the behavior of the liquid film in annular downward air¿water flow. The experimental range of the inlet conditions is 800¿8000 for the ReL and 0¿110,000 for the Reg. Measurements for the mean film thickness show a fairly good agreement with the empirical correlations and the measurements of other authors. One of the most demanded applications of this type of measurements is the validation of computational dynamics or CFD codes. Therefore, the experiment has been modeled using Ansys CFX software, and the simulation results have been compared with the experimental ones. This article outlines some of the reasons why two-phase flow simulations are currently challenging and how the codes are able to overcome them. Simulation predictions are fairly close to the experimental measurements, and the mean film thickness evolution when changing the boundary conditions also shows a good agreement.The authors are indebted to the plan of I+D support of the EXMOTRANSIN project ENE2016-79489-C2-1-P.Rivera-Durán, Y.; J. L. Muñoz-Cobo; A. Escrivá; C. Berna; Y. Córdova (2022). Experimental Measurements and CFD Results of Liquid Film Thickness in Vertical Downward Air-Water Annular Flow. International Journal of Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements. 10(2):93-103. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V10-N2-93-1039310310

Experiments in free falling and downward cocurrent annular flows-Characterization of liquid films and interfacial waves

[EN] Falling liquid films and downward cocurrent flows in rounded shape pipes have been experimentally studied during the last decades, estimating the evolution of its major characteristics. The most important variables during the formation and growth of surface waves in falling downward flows have been measured using conductance probes. The main objective of the current research paper is to study the dependency of the characteristics of the thin liquid layer for downward cocurrent annular flows. The GEPELON experimental facility consists of a vertical pipe with 3.8 m of useful test length. Two pipe diameters have been analysed in this experimental study, 42 and 30 mm, in which the range covered by the liquid Reynolds number varies between 570 and 8500 and 800-7900 respectively, while the gas Reynolds numbers vary from 0 to 7.9.10(4) and from 0 to 1.1.10(5) respectively for the mentioned pipe diameters. Up to five conductance probes have been placed along the pipes test sections to capture the liquid film thickness fluctuations along time at different distances of the pipe entrance for both developing and fully developed regions. After the study and analysis of the experimental data, the central point of this paper has been the development of new correlations for the liquid film thicknesses and the two major properties of the interfacial waves. Their adjustment procedure has been carried out in terms of dimensionless numbers, aiming to provide more general relationships. In particular, the magnitudes that characterise the interface behavior have been measured, particularly film thicknesses, average disturbance wave amplitudes, and disturbance wave frequencies for each boundary condition. An additional part of the document contains an extensive comparison between the results obtained in this study and the data and expressions of other authors. It has been confirmed the significant dispersion existing among different researchers, especially when analysing variables related to the interfacial waves. This highlights the lack of knowledge in some aspects even today. The different correlations proposed have been calculated based on the best fit of the data from all the series of experiments carried out in this study. Comparisons of the behaviour of these correlations with data from other researchers have also been included.This research is supported by the EXMOTRANSIN project ENE2016-79489-C2-1-P included in the I + D Spanish plan. Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Politècnica de València.Rivera-Durán, Y.; Berna, C.; Muñoz-Cobo, JL.; Escrivá, A.; Córdova, Y. (2022). Experiments in free falling and downward cocurrent annular flows-Characterization of liquid films and interfacial waves. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 392:1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2022.11176912339