164 research outputs found
Radon and material radiopurity assessment for the NEXT double beta decay experiment
The Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC (NEXT), intended to investigate the
neutrinoless double beta decay using a high-pressure xenon gas TPC filled with
Xe enriched in 136Xe at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory in Spain, requires
ultra-low background conditions demanding an exhaustive control of material
radiopurity and environmental radon levels. An extensive material screening
process is underway for several years based mainly on gamma-ray spectroscopy
using ultra-low background germanium detectors in Canfranc but also on mass
spectrometry techniques like GDMS and ICPMS. Components from shielding,
pressure vessel, electroluminescence and high voltage elements and energy and
tracking readout planes have been analyzed, helping in the final design of the
experiment and in the construction of the background model. The latest
measurements carried out will be presented and the implication on NEXT of their
results will be discussed. The commissioning of the NEW detector, as a first
step towards NEXT, has started in Canfranc; in-situ measurements of airborne
radon levels were taken there to optimize the system for radon mitigation and
will be shown too.Comment: Proceedings of the Low Radioactivity Techniques 2015 workshop
(LRT2015), Seattle, March 201
NEXT-100 Technical Design Report (TDR). Executive Summary
In this Technical Design Report (TDR) we describe the NEXT-100 detector that
will search for neutrinoless double beta decay (bbonu) in Xe-136 at the
Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc (LSC), in Spain. The document formalizes
the design presented in our Conceptual Design Report (CDR): an
electroluminescence time projection chamber, with separate readout planes for
calorimetry and tracking, located, respectively, behind cathode and anode. The
detector is designed to hold a maximum of about 150 kg of xenon at 15 bar, or
100 kg at 10 bar. This option builds in the capability to increase the total
isotope mass by 50% while keeping the operating pressure at a manageable level.
The readout plane performing the energy measurement is composed of Hamamatsu
R11410-10 photomultipliers, specially designed for operation in low-background,
xenon-based detectors. Each individual PMT will be isolated from the gas by an
individual, pressure resistant enclosure and will be coupled to the sensitive
volume through a sapphire window. The tracking plane consists in an array of
Hamamatsu S10362-11-050P MPPCs used as tracking pixels. They will be arranged
in square boards holding 64 sensors (8 times8) with a 1-cm pitch. The inner
walls of the TPC, the sapphire windows and the boards holding the MPPCs will be
coated with tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB), a wavelength shifter, to improve the
light collection.Comment: 32 pages, 22 figures, 5 table
Measurement of radon-induced backgrounds in the NEXT double beta decay experiment
The measurement of the internal Rn activity in the NEXT-White
detector during the so-called Run-II period with Xe-depleted xenon is
discussed in detail, together with its implications for double beta decay
searches in NEXT. The activity is measured through the alpha production rate
induced in the fiducial volume by Rn and its alpha-emitting progeny.
The specific activity is measured to be ~mBq/m. Radon-induced electrons have also been
characterized from the decay of the Bi daughter ions plating out on the
cathode of the time projection chamber. From our studies, we conclude that
radon-induced backgrounds are sufficiently low to enable a successful NEXT-100
physics program, as the projected rate contribution should not exceed
0.1~counts/yr in the neutrinoless double beta decay sample.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables. Version accepted for publication in
JHE
Evaluation of turbulent dissipation rate retrievals from Doppler Cloud Radar
Turbulent dissipation rate retrievals from cloud radar Doppler velocity measurements are evaluated using independent, in situ observations in Arctic stratocumulus clouds. In situ validation data sets of dissipation rate are derived using sonic anemometer measurements from a tethered balloon and high frequency pressure variation observations from a research aircraft, both flown in proximity to stationary, ground-based radars. Modest biases are found among the data sets in particularly low- or high-turbulence regimes, but in general the radar-retrieved values correspond well with the in situ measurements. Root mean square differences are typically a factor of 4-6 relative to any given magnitude of dissipation rate. These differences are no larger than those found when comparing dissipation rates computed from tetheredballoon and meteorological tower-mounted sonic anemometer measurements made at spatial distances of a few hundred meters. Temporal lag analyses suggest that approximately half of the observed differences are due to spatial sampling considerations, such that the anticipated radar-based retrieval uncertainty is on the order of a factor of 2-3. Moreover, radar retrievals are clearly able to capture the vertical dissipation rate structure observed by the in situ sensors, while offering substantially more information on the time variability of turbulence profiles. Together these evaluations indicate that radar-based retrievals can, at a minimum, be used to determine the vertical structure of turbulence in Arctic stratocumulus clouds
Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Blanching on Size Variation, Heat Transfer, and Quality Parameters of Mushrooms
The main aim of this work was to assess the influence
of the application of power ultrasound during blanching
of mushrooms (60 90 °C) on the shrinkage, heat transfer, and
quality parameters. Kinetics of mushroom shrinkage was
modeled and coupled to a heat transfer model for conventional
(CB) and ultrasonic-assisted blanching (UB). Cooking value
and the integrated residual enzymatic activity were obtained
through predicted temperatures and related to the hardness and
color variations of mushrooms, respectively. The application
of ultrasound led to an increase of shrinkage and heat transfer
rates, being this increase more intense at low process temperatures.
Consequently, processing time was decreased (30.7
46.0 %) and a reduction in hardness (25.2 40.8 %) and
lightness (13.8 16.8 %) losses were obtained. The best retention
of hardness was obtained by the UB at 60 °C, while to
maintain the lightness it was the CB and UB at 90 °C. For
enhancing both quality parameters simultaneously, a combined
treatment (CT), which consisted of a CB 0.5 min at
90 °C and then an UB 19.9min at 60 °C, was designed. In this
manner, compared with the conventional treatment at 60 °C,
reductions of 39.1, 27.2, and 65.5 % for the process time,
hardness and lightness losses were achieved, respectively.
These results suggest that the CT could be considered as an
interesting alternative to CB in order to reduce the processing
time and improve the overall quality of blanched mushrooms.The authors acknowledge the financial support of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas and Universidad Nacional de La Plata from Argentina, Erasmus Mundus Action 2-Strand 1 and EuroTango II Researcher Training Program and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (SPAIN) and the FEDER (project DPI2012-37466-CO3-03).Lespinard, A.; Bon Corbín, J.; Cárcel Carrión, JA.; Benedito Fort, JJ.; Mascheroni, RH. (2015). Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Blanching on Size Variation, Heat Transfer, and Quality Parameters of Mushrooms. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 8(1):41-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-014-1373-zS415381Aguirre, L., Frias, J. M., Barry-Ryan, C., & Grogan, H. (2009). Modelling browning and brown spotting of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) stored in controlled environmental conditions using image analysis. Journal of Food Engineering, 91, 280–286.Anantheswaran, R. C., Sastry, S. K., Beelman, R. 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