Kontribusi Pajak Daerah terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Kutai Barat

TEODOTA Buyon, Contribution To The Local Tax revenue (PAD) West Kutai. Under the guidance of (Mr. LCA.Robin Jonathan as a supervisor I and Mr. Imam Nazarudin Latif as mentors II).Based on data from the low contribution of Local Tax Revenue In Kutai Barat regency which is visible from the realization of a low in 2009 of 43.46%. Then conducted in-depth research on the Contributions of Local Taxes Against Local Revenue.The purpose of this study was to determine the Regional Tax Contributions to the Local Revenue Kutai Barat in 2010 up to 2012, and determine taxes that contribute most to the original income Kutai Barat in 2010, 2011, and 2012.Mechanical data colection in this research is the study of literature, which takes secondary data including documents and supporting data derived from Revenue Kutai Barat is calculated using the formula Contributions ie by comparing the total revenue realization of Local Taxes in a given year by the total actual revenues Revenues (PAD) in a given year multiplied by one hundred.Based on the analysis and discussion, it is known that the contribution of Local Tax Revenue Kutai Barat to the area in 2010 amounted to 20.45%, in 2011 was 24.68%, and in 2012 amounted to 21.99% means the Local Tax Contributions to the regional revenue still low. According to data that have been processed from the Administration Section at the Department of Revenue Receipts Kutai Barat, it is known that the realization of local taxes in 2010 amounted to 94.33%, in the year 2011 was 85.95% and in 2012 amounted to 82.13 %. Types of tax contributed the most in 2010 were the Tax Collection Gol.C Excavated in 2011 is Tax Tax on Acquisition of Land (BPHTB), and in 2012 is the restaurant tax.Based on these explanations, it can be concluded that the Regional Tax Kutai Barat has not contributed target. It can be seen from the achievement of the target of 2010 which was not realized 100%, and saw the same thing in 2011 and 2012 and even tended to decrease, this decrease may be caused by the increase in the target value is increased from the year 2010 until 2012.Hypothesis "advertisement tax, amusement tax, hotel tax, restaurant tax, street lighting tax, Tax Decision Excavation Gol.C, Taxes swallow\u27s nests, Ground Water Tax and Customs Acquisition Rights to Land (BPHTB) already contribute on target against Revenue West Kutai Regency "rejected. The second hypothesis, which contributes the largest tax in 2010, 2011, and 2012 is the Tax Decision Gol.C Excavation was also rejected

Effects of oxidized low density lipoprotein, lipid mediators and statins on vascular cell interactions

The integrin heterodimer CD11b/CD18 (alpha M beta 2, Mac-1, CR3) expressed on monocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is a receptor for iC3b, fibrinogen, heparin, and for intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 on endothelium, crucially contributing to vascular cell interactions in inflammation and atherosclerosis. In this report, we summarize our findings on the effects of lipid mediators and lipid-lowering drugs. Exposure of endothelial cells to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induces upregulation of ICAM-1 and increases adhesion of monocytic cells expressing Mac-1. Inhibition experiments show that monocytes use distinct ligands, i.e. ICAM-1 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans for adhesion to oxLDL-treated endothelium. An albumin-transferable oxLDL activity is inhibited by the antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), while 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-epi-PGF2 alpha) or lysophosphatidylcholine had no effect, implicating yet unidentified radicals. Sequential adhesive! and signaling events lead to the firm adhesion of rolling PMN on activated and adherent platelets, which may occupy areas of endothelial denudation. Shear resistant arrest of PMN on thrombin-stimulated platelets in flow conditions requires distinct regions of Mac-1, involving its interactions with fibrinogen bound to platelet alpha llb beta 3, and with other platelet ligands. Both arrest and adhesion strengthening under flow are stimulated by platelet-activating factor and leukotriene B4, but not by the chemokine receptor CXCR2. We tested whether Mac-1-dependent monocyte adhesiveness is affected by inhibitors of hydroxy-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase (statins) which improve morbidity and survival of patients with coronary heart disease. As compared to controls, adhesion of isolated monocytes to endothelium ex vivo was increased in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Treatment with statins decreased total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol plasma levels, surface expression of Mac-1, and resulted in a dramatic reduction of Mac,mediated monocyte adhesion to endothelium. The inhibition of monocyte adhesion was reversed by mevalonate but not LDL in vitro,indicating that isoprenoid precursors are crucial for adhesiveness of Mac-1. Such effects may crucially contribute to the clinical benefit of statins, independent of cholesterol-lowering, and may represent a paradigm for novel, anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action by this class of drugs

Lewis X antigen mediates adhesion of human breast carcinoma cells to activated endothelium. Possible involvement of the endothelial scavenger receptor C-Type lectin

Lewis x (Lex, CD15), also known as SSEA-1 (stage specific embryonic antigen-1), is a trisaccharide with the structure Galβ(1–4)Fucα(1–3)GlcNAc, which is expressed on glycoconjugates in human polymorphonuclear granulocytes and various tumors such as colon and breast carcinoma. We have investigated the role of Lex in the adhesion of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and PMN to human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the effects of two different anti-Lex mAbs (FC-2.15 and MCS-1) on this adhesion. We also analyzed the cytolysis of Lex+-cells induced by anti-Lex mAbs and complement when cells were adhered to the endothelium, and the effect of these antibodies on HUVEC. The results indicate that MCF-7 cells can bind to HUVEC, and that MCS-1 but not FC-2.15 mAb inhibit this interaction. Both mAbs can efficiently lyse MCF-7 cells bound to HUVEC in the presence of complement without damaging endothelial cells. We also found a Lex-dependent PMN interaction with HUVEC. Although both anti-Lex mAbs lysed PMN in suspension and adhered to HUVEC, PMN aggregation was only induced by mAb FC-2.15. Blotting studies revealed that the endothelial scavenger receptor C-type lectin (SRCL), which binds Lex-trisaccharide, interacts with specific glycoproteins of Mr␣∼␣28 kD and 10 kD from MCF-7 cells. The interaction between Lex+-cancer cells and vascular endothelium is a potential target for cancer treatment.Fil: Elola, Maria Teresa. Fundación Instituto Leloir; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Capurro, Mariana Isabel. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Barrio, Maria Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Investigación, Docencia y Prevención del Cáncer; ArgentinaFil: Coombs, Peter J.. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Taylor, Maureen E.. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Drickamer, Kurt. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Mordoh, Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Investigación, Docencia y Prevención del Cáncer; Argentin

The immune cell landscape in kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis.

Lupus nephritis is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease for which the current treatment is ineffective and often toxic. To develop mechanistic hypotheses of disease, we analyzed kidney samples from patients with lupus nephritis and from healthy control subjects using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our analysis revealed 21 subsets of leukocytes active in disease, including multiple populations of myeloid cells, T cells, natural killer cells and B cells that demonstrated both pro-inflammatory responses and inflammation-resolving responses. We found evidence of local activation of B cells correlated with an age-associated B-cell signature and evidence of progressive stages of monocyte differentiation within the kidney. A clear interferon response was observed in most cells. Two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CX3CR1, were broadly expressed, implying a potentially central role in cell trafficking. Gene expression of immune cells in urine and kidney was highly correlated, which would suggest that urine might serve as a surrogate for kidney biopsies

Nations in Transit 2022: From Democratic Decline to Authoritarian Aggression

On February 24, Russian president Vladimir Putin launched a brutal invasion of Ukraine. This war, which has already displaced millions of people and menaced the lives of millions more, presents an existential challenge not just to Ukraine's sovereignty, but also to the liberal international order. It comes at the time when liberal democracy's star has faded across the 29 countries covered in Nations in Transit. This edition of the report, assessing the events of 2021 from Central Europe to Central Asia, marks the 18th consecutive year of democratic decline for the region as a whole.Putin's war is the latest and gravest expression of his thuggish and malignant influence on neighboring states. When free societies have resisted his efforts to warp their media and corrupt their politicians, he has threatened or actually used military force, as in Georgia in 2008 and Ukraine in 2014. When authoritarian incumbents have teetered in the face of popular demands for change, he has backstopped their regimes and deepened their dependence on Moscow, as in Belarus or more recently in Kazakhstan. But the stakes of the current conflict are even higher. If the Kremlin succeeds in subjugating a sovereign, democratic Ukraine, it will mark the first time that an authoritarian power has overthrown a freely elected national government in the region since the end of the Cold War. Even if the effort fails, it has already destabilized the Nations in Transit region, potentially accelerating the steady antidemocratic transformation that has taken place across Europe and Eurasia

Electrocardiographic findings in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from an international inception cohort.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access.To estimate the early prevalence of various electrocardiographic (EKG) abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to evaluate possible associations between repolarization changes (increased corrected QT [QTc] and QT dispersion [QTd]) and clinical and laboratory variables, including the anti-Ro/SSA level and specificity (52 or 60 kd).We studied adult SLE patients from 19 centers participating in the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Inception Registry. Demographics, disease activity (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 [SLEDAI-2K]), disease damage (SLICC/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index [SDI]), and laboratory data from the baseline or first followup visit were assessed. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to asses for any cross-sectional associations between anti-Ro/SSA and EKG repolarization abnormalities.For the 779 patients included, mean ± SD age was 35.2 ± 13.8 years, 88.4% were women, and mean ± SD disease duration was 10.5 ± 14.5 months. Mean ± SD SLEDAI-2K score was 5.4 ± 5.6 and mean ± SD SDI score was 0.5 ± 1.0. EKG abnormalities were frequent and included nonspecific ST-T changes (30.9%), possible left ventricular hypertrophy (5.4%), and supraventricular arrhythmias (1.3%). A QTc ≥440 msec was found in 15.3%, while a QTc ≥460 msec was found in 5.3%. Mean ± SD QTd was 34.2 ± 14.7 msec and QTd ≥40 msec was frequent (38.1%). Neither the specificity nor the level of anti-Ro/SSA was associated with QTc duration or QTd, although confidence intervals were wide. Total SDI was significantly associated with a QTc interval exceeding 440 msec (odds ratio 1.38 [95% confidence interval 1.06, 1.79]).A substantial proportion of patients with recent-onset SLE exhibited repolarization abnormalities, although severe abnormalities were rare.Singer Family Fund for Lupus Research Lupus UK NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Korea Healthcare technology R&D project, Ministry for Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea A120404 Canadian Institutes of Health Research MOP-86526 NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Arthritis Research U

TARGETED HIV AND STI SCREENING STRATEGIES AMONGST MSM IN BALTIMORE, AND THE IMPACT ON THE HIV EPIDEMIC: Using Agent Based Models to Study STI- HIV Co-infection Dynamics

Co-infection of men who have sex with men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV and and Neisseria gonorrhoeae/Chlamydia trachomatis (NG/CT) remains a significant public health problem in the United States due to co-infection dynamics creating an epidemiologic phenomenon whereby co-epidemics of HIV and NG/CT (along with other STIs) help propagate each other. One of the key components of the US National AIDS Strategy revolves around the HIV Care Continuum, in which HIV-infected persons are diagnosed, linked to care, retained in care and virally suppressed to prevent transmission. Screening for HIV is the entry point for the care continuum and various understanding the most efficacious strategies for this is of utmost importance to help identify HIV-infected persons and link them to care. We used an agent-based model to test three screening strategies for efficacy: targeting high-risk MSM, increased general HIV screening, and improved NG/CT screening amongst HIV-infected MSM. Targeting high-risk MSM and increased general HIV screening produced significant decreases in the HIV and NG/CT incidence relative to baseline, but the former produced steeper declines while simultaneously testing thousands less persons. Improved NG/CT screening amongst HIV-infected MSM has no impact on the incidence rate of either. The targeting high-risk MSM strategy produced steep declines in HIV incidence, and efficiently achieved this in less HIV tests given per year compared to the general HIV screening. This suggests that targeting high-risk MSM may be a more effective approach to achieve a reduction in HIV incidence. Furthermore, it suggests that the HIV epidemic amongst MSM in Baltimore may be concentrated amongst a subset of the MSM population