Desenvolvimento de competências genéricas em estudantes que se desempenham como tutores pares na universidade

This article presents a research that deals with the development of generic competences in students who work as peer tutors at the University of Tarapacá. A mixed methodology was used, which considers the application of a survey and the realization of three focus groups in which peer tutors participated, each one formed depending on the number of semesters that they have served in their work. This allowed the discovery of the meanings assigned by the subjects themselves to the contents of the research. In conclusion, the tutorial work was revealed as an instance not only of support for recent students, but also as an activity that enhances the acquisition of basic and generic skills, such as empathy and leadership, in students who perform this roleEl presente artículo presenta una investigación que aborda el desarrollo de competencias genéricas en estudiantes que se desempeñan como tutores pares en la Universidad de Tarapacá. Se empleó una metodología mixta que considera la aplicación de una encuesta y la realización de tres grupos focales en los que participaron tutores pares, conformado cada uno dependiendo del número de semestres que han servido en su labor. Lo anterior permitió el descubrimiento de los significados asignados por los propios sujetos a los contenidos de la investigación. En conclusión, se relevó el trabajo tutorial como instancia no solo de apoyo a estudiantes de reciente ingreso, sino también como actividad que potencia la adquisición de competencias básicas y genéricas, como la empatía y el liderazgo, en estudiantes que desempeñen dicho rol.O presente artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que aborda o desenvolvimento de competências genéricas em estudantes que se desempenham como tutores pares na Universidade de Tarapacá. Utilizou-se uma metodologia mista que inclui a aplicação de uma enquete e a realização de três grupos focais nos que participaram tutores pares. Cada um dos grupos foi conformado segundo o número de semestres nos que os tutores têm realizado este trabalho. Isso permitiu a descoberta dos significados assignados pelos sujeitos aos conteúdos da pesquisa. Em conclusão, assinalou-se o trabalho tutorial como instância não só de apoio aos estudantes de novo ingresso, mas também como atividade que potencia a aquisição de competências básicas e genéricas, como a empatia e a liderança, em estudantes que desempenham este trabalho

Expectativas académicas de estudiantes y padres migrantes : el caso de Arica en la frontera de Chile y Perú

El presente documento expone los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo es identificar las expectativas académicas de estudiantes migrantes incorporados en el sistema educativo de la ciudad de Arica, ciudad chilena fronteriza con Perú, y el de sus padres. Mediante un enfoque etnográfico se combina la realización de grupos focales y entrevistas en profundidad. Los datos se reducen atendiendo criterios temáticos. El proceso de codificación adoptó un carácter mixto, para luego emplear el análisis de contenido. Los resultados de la investigación señalan que las expectativas aparecen sobredimensionadas en cuanto a lo material, y muy pobres en cuanto a la relación con los pares, generando una paradoja que es vista como un problema ante un virtual retorno al contexto de origenThis document presents the results of a research which aim is to identify the academic expectations of migrant students incorporated in the educational system of Arica city, Chilean city on the border with Peru, and their parents. Using an ethnographic approach, the realization of focal groups and in-depth interviews are combined. The data are reduced on the basis of both thematic criteria. The encoding process adopted a mixed character, and then uses the content analysis. The results of the research indicate that expectations are oversized in relation to the material, and very poor in terms of peer relationships, generating a paradox that it is seen as a problem before a virtual return to the context of origi

Attacks and politics: Assassination of General Schneider, and its impact on the Spanish press

This paper aims to identify the reactions that the assassination of General René Schneider, which took place in Chile in 1970, provoked in the Spanish press of the time. Based on a historiographic analysis of newspaper sources, periodicals were reviewed, considering their circulation criteria, national projection and relationship with a political tendency. In this descriptive review of sources, it was possible to identify that the way of approaching this evento was influenced by their editorial lines.Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar las reacciones que el asesinato del general René Schneider, ocurrido en Chile en 1970, provocó en la prensa española de la época. A partir de un análisis historiográfico de fuentes hemerográficas, se revisaron publicaciones periódicas, considerando sus criterios de tirada, proyección nacional y relación con una tendencia política. En dicha revisión descriptiva de fuentes, se pudo identificar que la manera de abordar dicho acontecimiento estuvo influenciada por sus líneas editoriales

September 11, 1973: The Spanish Press and the Coup in Chile

El 11 de Septiembre de 1973, se llevó a cabo un golpe de estado en Chile contra el gobierno de Salvador Allende, el cual tuvo una gran cobertura de los medios de prensa a nivel internacional, el presente trabajo pretende desentrañar cual fue el impacto queeste hecho tuvo en España, y específicamente en la prensa española, revisando de qué forma los medios abordaron la noticia del golpe, y cuál fue su reacción frente a lo acontecido en Chile, todo lo anterior tomando en consideración que España todavía estaba bajo la tutela de la dictadura franquista. En síntesis, podemos establecer que el golpe de Estado en Chile provocó una fuerte división en la prensa española, surgiendo dos posiciones totalmente contrapuestas de lo acontecido, lo cual también revelan los cambios que se estaban dando en España, desde fines de la década del 60.On September 11, 1973, a coup d'état was carried out in Chile against the government of Salvador Allende, which had a great coverage of the press at an international level, the present work tries to unravel what was the impact that this fact had in Spain, and specifically in the Spanish press, reviewing how the media addressed the news of the coup, and what was their reaction to what happened in Chile, all of the above taking into consideration that Spain was still under the tutelage of the Franco dictatorship. In summary, we can establish that the coup in Chile caused a strong division in the Spanish press, emerging two completely opposite positions from what happened, which also reveals the changes that were taking place in Spain, since the end of the decade of the 60.Fil: Díaz Aguad, Alfonso. Universidad de Tarapacá. Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas; Chile.Fil: Bustos González, Raúl. Universidad de Tarapacá. Departamento de Educación; Chile

Preparación del sector judicial para la inteligencia artificial en América Latina

Fil: Aguerre, Carolina. Universidad de San Andrés. Centro de Estudios de Tecnología y Sociedad; Argentina.Fil: Amunátegui, Carlos. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile.Fil: Aranguis, Matias. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Programa Derecho, Ciencia y Tecnología; Chile.Fil: Bustos Frati, Gonzalo. Universidad de San Andrés. Centro de Estudios de Tecnología y Sociedad; Argentina.Fil: Castaño, Daniel. Universidad Externado de Colombia. Centro de Ética Digital; Colombia.Fil: Mendoza Enriquez, Olivia Andrea. Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas. División de Estudios Jurídicos; México.Fil: Moreno González, Jimena. Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas; México.Fil: Gorgone, Bruno. Universidad de San Andrés. Centro de Estudios de Tecnología y Sociedad; Argentina.Fil: Lens, Julio. Universidad Católica del Uruguay; Uruguay.Fil: Madrid, Raúl. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Programa de Derecho, Ciencia y Tecnología; Chile.Fil: Maqueo Ramírez, María Solange. Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas. División de Estudios Jurídicos; México.Fil: Rentería Marín, César. Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas; México.Fil: Segredo, Sandra. Universidad Católica del Uruguay; Uruguay.Fil: Vargas, Fernando. Universidad de Montevideo; Uruguay."Con el objetivo de aprovechar los beneficios de la inteligencia artificial (IA), sectores judiciales de diversos países de América Latina se encuentran implementando (o en proceso de implementación) de estas tecnologías en sus procesos o servicios. En este contexto, el CETyS está llevando adelante una investigación cuyo propósito es evaluar la preparación, necesidades, obstáculos y oportunidades del sector judicial a la hora de adoptar responsablemente tecnologías de IA. La investigación involucra la identificación del uso actual de IA y tecnologías digitales relacionadas por el sector judicial; una evaluación de su potencial aplicación para abordar sus necesidades y desafíos clave; y también el debate sobre cuestiones críticas en el diseño y la implementación relacionadas con la equidad, la responsabilidad y la independencia judicial. El proyecto se destaca también porque propone y elabora un marco analítico que permite a otros agentes judiciales o actores interesados realizar el mismo trabajo de diagnóstico, evaluación y adopción de estrategias de IA en sus procesos y servicios públicos de forma responsable, desde una perspectiva regional. El marco funciona como un mapa con indicadores propios de la región sobre las normativas y actores públicos de la gobernanza digital (con énfasis en la IA); los procesos de modernización judicial; un diagnóstico y desarrollo de capacidades para su adopción; las condiciones existentes para el despliegue de IA en el ámbito judicial; y referencias a sus oportunidades y riesgos.

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity

[EN] Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.S

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Dispositivos lingüísticos de acogida, aprendizaje expansivo e interculturalidad: Contribuciones para la inclusión educativa de estudiantes extranjeros

Indexación: Scopus.In the context of the progressive increase of foreigners in public schools in Chile and the recent changes in migratory patterns, the presence of students who do not master the working language of the educational system has systematically incremented in recent years. In a scenario marked by the absence of educational policies that respond to this new linguistic diversity, the purpose of our research was to understand how schools have responded to the arrival of foreign students and what educational practices they have implemented to tackle this challenge. Through a two-year school ethnography in four public schools with high enrollment of foreigners, institutional documents were analyzed and field observation, interviews and focus groups were conducted with different actors amidst the educational communities. Through an analysis of thematic content, the results reveal the implementation of ten devices to manage educational responses to foreign students. We have analyzed three of these devices with a focus on linguistics based on the tensions and contradictions that occur within the educational institutions of which they are part, identifying significant elements and dimensions to drive forward expansive learning. Finally, we discuss these findings in light of the advances and challenges of the intercultural approach in our Latin American region.https://www.scielo.br/j/ep/a/NhL67jbv7H7VpZtQYjtHVFt/?lang=e